STRUCTURE, GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF FISH POPULATIONS FROM GRAVEL-PIT VUKOVINA

Utvrđena je struktura ribljih populacija šljunčare Vukovina, te je istraženo deset morfometrijskih i četiri merističke osobine, kao i dužinsko-maseni odnosi. Neke merističke osobine kod klena (Leuciscus cephalus) i sunčanice (Lepomis gibbosus) prelazile su granice za ove vrste navedene u standardnom ključu za određivanje vrsta slatkovodnih riba. Dužinsko-maseni odnosi i faktor kondicije (CF) u svih istraživanih vrsta bili su znatno niži nego na drugim istraživanim lokacijama. To upućuje na izrazitu oligotrofnost i vrlo nisku ihtioproduciju šljunčare Vukovina.After the structure of fish populations from gravel-pit Vukovina was determined, those populations were checked for 10 morphometric and 4 meristic parameters, as well as for length-mass relationship. For chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) some meristic characters expressed the values beyond those mentioned in the standard key for the freshwater fish species determination. When compared to other locations, length-mass relationship and condition factor (CF) were significantly lower for all checked populations. This indicates that gravel-pit Vukovina is extremely oligotrophic and has very poor fish production

KLJUČNI ČIMBENICI U UROĐENOM IMUNOLOŠKOM PREPOZNAVANJU VIRUSNE INFEKCIJE U SISAVACA I RIBA

Viral infection of mammalian cells activates an innate antiviral immune response characterized by production of interferon and subsequent enhanced transcription of interferon–stimulated genes important for antiviral defense. Cells recognize viral infection through various pathogen–associated molecular patterns, of which dsRNA seems to be the most important. In mammals, several gene products are important in recognition of dsRNA: RIG–I, TLR3, PKR and mda–5. Recent research proved that fish possess most of the key elements in recognition of viral infection which indicates that these mechanisms are very similar and evolutionary conserved in vertebrates.Virusna infekcija u stanicama sisavaca potiče urođeni odgovor karakteriziran proizvodnjom interferona i posljedičnom pojačanom transkripcijom interferonima stimuliranih gena, bitnih u obrani organizma od virusa. Stanice prepoznaju virusnu infekciju preko određenih molekularnih uzoraka povezanih s patogenima, od kojih je najvažnija dvolančana RNK. U organizmu sisavaca ključnu ulogu u prepoznavanju dvolančane RNK ima nekoliko gena: RIG–I, TLR3, PKR i mda–5. Dosadašnja su istra‘ivanja pokazala da ribe posjeduju većinu ključnih elemenata zaduženih za prepoznavanje virusne infekcije, što upućuje na veliku sličnost i evolucijsku očuvanost spomenutih mehanizama