Ventilatory function in young adults and dietary antioxidant intake

Artículo de publicación ISIDietary antioxidants may protect against poor ventilatory function. We assessed the relation between ventilatory function and antioxidant components of diet in young Chileans. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and the ratio FEV1/FVC were measured in 1232 adults aged 22-28 years, using a Vitalograph device. Dietary intake was ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed for this study, from which nutrient and flavonoid intakes were estimated. Dietary patterns were derived with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). After controlling for potential confounders, dietary intake of total catechins was positively associated with FVC (Regression coefficient (RC) of highest vs. lowest quintile of intake 0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15; p per trend 0.006). Total fruit intake was related to FVC (RC of highest vs. lowest quintile 0.08; 95% CI 0.003 to 0.15; p per trend 0.02). Intake of omega 3 fatty acids was associated with a higher FEV1 (RC for highest vs. lowest quintile 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.15 L; p per trend 0.02) and with FVC 0.08 (RC in highest vs. lowest quintile of intake 0.08, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.16; p per trend 0.04). Our results show that fresh fruits, flavonoids, and omega 3 fatty acids may contribute to maintain ventilatory function.Wellcome Trust 059448Z

Lameness detection challenges in automated milking systems addressed with partial least squares discriminant analysis

AbstractLameness causes decreased animal welfare and leads to higher production costs. This study explored data from an automatic milking system (AMS) to model on-farm gait scoring from a commercial farm. A total of 88 cows were gait scored once per week, for 2 5-wk periods. Eighty variables retrieved from AMS were summarized week-wise and used to predict 2 defined classes: nonlame and clinically lame cows. Variables were represented with 2 transformations of the week summarized variables, using 2-wk data blocks before gait scoring, totaling 320 variables (2×2×80). The reference gait scoring error was estimated in the first week of the study and was, on average, 15%. Two partial least squares discriminant analysis models were fitted to parity 1 and parity 2 groups, respectively, to assign the lameness class according to the predicted probability of being lame (score 3 or 4/4) or not lame (score 1/4). Both models achieved sensitivity and specificity values around 80%, both in calibration and cross-validation. At the optimum values in the receiver operating characteristic curve, the false-positive rate was 28% in the parity 1 model, whereas in the parity 2 model it was about half (16%), which makes it more suitable for practical application; the model error rates were, 23 and 19%, respectively. Based on data registered automatically from one AMS farm, we were able to discriminate nonlame and lame cows, where partial least squares discriminant analysis achieved similar performance to the reference method

Del lápiz y papel a las redes sociales: equivalencia de la medida de los cinco grandes factores de la personalidad a través de cuatro condiciones de aplicación

72 p.Existen diversas investigaciones que han demostrado la equivalencia de medida entre el formato tradicional de aplicación de cuestionarios (ej. lápiz y papel) y versiones online en situaciones donde los sujetos están identificados (ej. mediante una invitación expresa a participar y una clave de acceso al cuestionario). Sin embargo, no hay ninguna evidencia publicada de que dicha equivalencia se reproduzca en condiciones donde el respondiente es desconocido, y accede al cuestionario por sus propios medios e interés (ej. en cuestionarios de acceso libre en la web). La presente investigación busca determinar si la medida de personalidad resultante de la aplicación por internet no supervisada, es fiable, válida y utilizable para investigaciones futuras en Chile. Para ello se utilizó la escala de personalidad mini –IPIP (Donellan et al., 2006) en cuatro condiciones de aplicación, es decir a través del método supervisado de papel y lápiz, computarizada supervisada, internet controlado e internet no supervisado (Facebook y Twitter), con un total de 1.110 participantes. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio y Pruebas de Invarianza de medida. Se establece que la escala es invariante bajo las cuatro condiciones de aplicación, alcanzando un nivel de invarianza estricto.Se concluye que manteniendo las debidas precauciones técnicas y éticas, las redes sociales y en general la aplicación por internet no supervisada de escalas de personalidad, puede ser una fuente fiable de datos válidos para la investigación.Palabras claves:Mini-IPIP, Condición de Aplicación, Redes Sociales, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio, Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, Invarianz

Does the association between birth weight and blood pressure increase with age? A longitudinal study in young adults

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether the association between birth weight and blood pressure (BP) increases with age using three different statistical methods. METHODS: A representative sample of 1232 study participants born between 1974-1978 in Limache, Chile were assessed in 2000-2002, of whom 796 were reassessed in 2010-2012. An 'amplification effect' was assessed by the change in the β coefficient in the two periods, the association between birth weight and the difference of BP overtime, and the interaction between birth weight and BP in the two periods. RESULTS: Birth weight was negatively associated with SBP in 2000-2002 (β = -2.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.77 to -1.16) and in 2010-2012 (β = -3.64, 95% CI -5.20 to -2.08), and with DBP in 2000-2002 (β = -1.26, 95% CI -2.23 to -0.29) , and 2010-2012 (β = -1.64, 95% CI -2.84 to -0.45) after adjustment for sex, physical activity, and BMI. There was no association between birth weight and the difference in BP between the two periods or the interaction between birth weight, BP, and time interval. CONCLUSION: Birth weight is a factor associated with BP in adults. This association increased with age, but amplification was shown only with one of the three methods

A novel accelerometry-based algorithm for the detection of step durations over short episodes of gait in healthy elderly.

Background: The assessment of short episodes of gait is clinically relevant and easily implemented, especially given limited space and time requirements. BFS (body-fixed-sensors) are small, lightweight and easy to wear sensors, which allow the assessment of gait at relative low cost and with low interference. Thus, the assessment with BFS of short episodes of gait, extracted from dailylife physical activity or measured in a standardised and supervised setting, may add value in the study of gait quality of the elderly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a novel algorithm based on acceleration signals recorded at different human locations (lower back and heels) for the detection of step durations over short episodes of gait in healthy elderly subjects.Methods: Twenty healthy elderly subjects (73.7 ± 7.9 years old) walked twice a distance of 5 m, wearing a BFS on the lower back, and on the outside of each heel. Moreover, an optoelectronic three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system was used to detect step durations. A novel algorithm is presented for the detection of step durations from low-back and heel acceleration signals separately. The accuracy of the algorithm was assessed by comparing absolute differences in step duration between the three methods: step detection from the optoelectronic 3D motion tracking system, step detection from the application of the novel algorithm to low-back accelerations, and step detection from the application of the novel algorithm to heel accelerations.Results: The proposed algorithm successfully detected all the steps, without false positives and without false negatives. Absolute average differences in step duration within trials and across subjects were calculated for each comparison, between low-back accelerations and the optoelectronic system were on average 22.4 ± 7.6 ms (4.0 ± 1.3 % of average step duration), between heel accelerations and the optoelectronic system were on average 20.7 ± 11.8 ms (3.7 ± 1.9 %), and between low-back accelerations and heel accelerations were on average 27.8 ± 15.1 ms (4.9 ± 2.5 % of average step duration).Conclusions: This study showed that the presented novel algorithm detects step durations over short episodes of gait in healthy elderly subjects with acceptable accuracy from low-back and heel accelerations, which provides opportunities to extract a range of gait parameters from short episodes of gait

Massive open star clusters using the VVV survey III: A young massive cluster at the far edge of the Galactic bar

Context: Young massive clusters are key to map the Milky Way's structure, and near-IR large area sky surveys have contributed strongly to the discovery of new obscured massive stellar clusters. Aims: We present the third article in a series of papers focused on young and massive clusters discovered in the VVV survey. This article is dedicated to the physical characterization of VVV CL086, using part of its OB-stellar population. Methods: We physically characterized the cluster using $JHK_S$ near-infrared photometry from ESO public survey VVV images, using the VVV-SkZ pipeline, and near-infrared $K$-band spectroscopy, following the methodology presented in the first article of the series. Results: Individual distances for two observed stars indicate that the cluster is located at the far edge of the Galactic bar. These stars, which are probable cluster members from the statistically field-star decontaminated CMD, have spectral types between O9 and B0V. According to our analysis, this young cluster ($1.0$ Myr $<$ age $< 5.0$ Myr) is located at a distance of $11^{+5}_{-6}$ kpc, and we estimate a lower limit for the cluster total mass of $(2.8^{+1.6}_{-1.4})\cdot10^3 {M}_{\odot}$. It is likely that the cluster contains even earlier and more massive stars.Comment: Accepted for publication as a Letter in A&

Surface tension, wettability and tribological properties of a low viscosity oil using CaCO3 and CeF3 nanoparticles as addiitives

The rise of the electric vehicles as a more sustainable transport alternative makes it necessary to study new transmission fluids that adapt to their needs and improve their efficiency. The thermophysical properties (contact angle, surface tension and rheology) and tribological properties (friction and wear) of potential PAO8 transmission nanofluids using CaCO3 and CeF3 nanoparticles as additives are evaluated at mass concentrations of 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 wt%. Low contact angle and surface tension values are obtained, indicating good wettability. When the nanoparticles are used as PAO8 additives, small reductions in surface tension are achieved, but no differences in contact angle are observed. All nanolubricants and base oil exhibit Newtonian behavior. Concerning the tribological behavior, reductions in the friction coefficient are achieved for both types of nanoparticles, with the largest reductions comparing to PAO8 base oil being 13 % and 10 % for nanolubricants containing 0.05 wt% CaCO3 and 0.10 wt% CeF3 nanoparticles (NPs), respectively. In terms of antiwear performance, maximum reductions are obtained for the CaCO3 nanolubricant of 28 % (0.15 wt%), 41 % (0.10 wt%) and 59 % (0.15 wt%) and for the CeF3 nanolubricant of 19 % (0.20 wt%), 53 % (0.10 wt%) and 58 % (0.20 wt%) for the parameters of diameter, depth, and area of the worn track, respectively. Through Raman microscopy, the tribological mechanisms of tribofilm formation, repairing, and rolling can be proposed. A discontinuous tribofilm formed by the CaCO3 and CeF3 nanoparticles reduces the contact area between the two surfaces protecting them.This research is supported by Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2020/10), by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through the PID2020- 112846RB-C22 project. JMLdR is grateful for financial support through the Margarita Salas program, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and “NextGenerationEU/PRTR”. Dr. M.J.G.G. acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship (ED481B-2019-015) from the Xunta de Galicia (Spain). Furthermore, authors are also grateful to REPSOL Lubricants for providing the PAO8 base oil and to RIAIDT-USC for its analytical facilities.S

Quadratic transverse anisotropy term due to dislocations in Mn12-Ac directly obtained by EPR spectroscopy

High-Sensitivity Electron Paramagnetic Resonance experiments have been carried out in fresh and stressed Mn12-Acetate single crystals for frequencies ranging from 40 GHz up to 110 GHz. The high number of crystal dislocations formed in the stressing process introduces a E(S_x^2-S_y^2) transverse anisotropy term in the spin hamiltonian. From the behaviour of the resonant absorptions on the applied transverse magnetic field we have obtained an average value for E = 22 mK, corresponding to a concentration of dislocations per unit cell of c = 10^-3.Comment: 13 pages and 4 figure

Two-loop RGEs with Dirac gaugino masses

The set of renormalisation group equations to two loop order for general supersymmetric theories broken by soft and supersoft operators is completed. As an example, the explicit expressions for the RGEs in a Dirac gaugino extension of the (N)MSSM are presented.Comment: 10 pages + 24 pages of RGEs in appendix; no figure

Dirac gaugino as leptophilic dark matter

We investigate the leptophilic properties of Dirac gauginos in an R--symmetric N=2 supersymmetric model with extended gauge and Higgs sectors. The annihilation of Dirac gauginos to leptons requires no chirality flip in the final states so that it is not suppressed as in the Majorana case. This implies that it can be sizable enough to explain the positron excess observed by the PAMELA experiment with moderate or no boost factors. When squark masses are heavy, the annihilation of Dirac gauginos to hadrons is controlled by their Higgsino fraction and is driven by the $hZ$ and $W^+W^-$ final states. Moreover, at variance with the Majorana case, Dirac gauginos with a non-vanishing higgsino fraction can also have a vector coupling with the $Z$ gauge boson leading to a sizable spin--independent scattering cross section off nuclei. Saturating the current antiproton limit, we show that Dirac gauginos can leave a signal in direct detection experiments at the level of the sensitivity of dark matter searches at present and in the near future.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, typos corrected, final version published on JCA