Matrix Elements of Random Operators and Discrete Symmetry Breaking in Nuclei

It is shown that several effects are responsible for deviations of the intensity distributions from the Porter-Thomas law. Among these are genuine symmetry breaking, such as isospin; the nature of the transition operator; truncation of the Hilbert space in shell model calculations and missing transitionsComment: 8 pages, 3 figure

The Effectiveness of Mangosteen Peels Extract Against the Total of T Lymphocytes in HIV Patients

Introduction: The Province of West Java is one of the highest HIV sufferers in Indonesia that has increased accumulatively in 2013 to 2014. This condition was proven that in 2014 West Java ranked 4th among the provinces with the highest HIV sufferers in Indonesia. HIV has main target to infect a cell that contains of receptor, CD4. CD4 examination routinely is very important to decide HIV replication process. Meanwhile, CD4 test in the laboratory is quite expensive and not always available in every health facilities. Mangosteen peels extract contains of xanthones as an antioxidant, which is needed for body as a prooxidant that can inhibit the replication of HIV and the activity was seen from the total number of lymphocyte. Method: The human experimental research has been done by Randomized Control Group Pretest-Post Test Design. There were 20 patients sample for each group. In group 1, HIV patients with ARV therapy were given mangosteen peels extract and in group 2, they were given placebo capsule. Wilcoxon Smith test and Mann Whitney U test were used to determine the difference between group 1 and group 2. Result: There is no significant difference between lymphocytes (p: 0.102) to HIV patients with ARV in each group examination. Discussion: The ineffectiveness is caused by the phagocytocity and cytoxity of TNF through the increasing of free radicals in HIV patients

BER Performance Enhancement of MIMO Systems Using Hybrid Detection Techniques Based on Sphere Decoding

MIMO system is used in new communication systems to improve the bit error rate (BER), capacity, and the co-channel interference. In this paper, new hybrid detection techniques based on a combination between the sphere decoder (SD) and linear/non-linear detection techniques such as zero forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE), Vertical Bell Lab Layered Space Time (V-BLAST), and lattice reduction are introduced. These hybrid techniques are intended to improve the BER performance of MIMO system. The proposed techniques are mainly based on dividing the received signal matrix into two equal size halves. The first half of the received symbols is detected using the selected linear or non-linear detector and the second half is detected using SD as the first scenario. For the second scenario, the first half of the received symbols is detected using SD and the second half is detected using the selected linear or non-linear detector. Several simulations are carried out to verify the efficiency of the proposed techniques. The simulations results show that the proposed techniques provide better performance than the traditional ones

Estimation of seismic moments from local magnitudes and coda durations for the Cairo earthquake aftershocks recorded at Kottamyia (KEG) Broadband station

The spectral analysis of fifty-five KEG VBB records from the October 12, 1992 Cairo earthquake source region was performed to obtain the seismic moment. We obtained this parameter in turn to develop empirical local magnitude (ML), seismic moment (Mo), coda duration (D) relations for that region. In this study the data consist of Lg-waves on the vertical component seismograms for the recorded earthquakes with ML ranging from 1.7 to 4.7. The derived empirical relation between the seismic moment (Mo) and magnitude ML for the aftershocks sequence with 1.7 = ML < 3.5 is Log (Mo) = (0.96 ± 0.05) ML + (17.88 ± 0.13). We found a correlation between the coda duration (D) and Log of the moment (Log (Mo)) as follows: Log (Mo) = (2.35 ± 0.27) Log (D) + (16.33 ± 0.48)

BER and Capacity/Spectral Efficiency Enhancement of MIMO Systems Using Digital Antenna Arrays Beamforming

Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) systems are of the most promising ones in the field of wireless communications as they provide high data rates and reduce the bit error rate (BER) using spatial multiplexing (SM) and diversity gain techniques, respectively. The deep review of MIMO systems shows that most of them are based on the utilization of uniform linear antennas (ULA) arrays. For further performance enhancement, a new digital array beamforming technique for linear antenna arrays optimization is introduced for both single-user and multi-user MIMO systems to achieve maximum gain. In our proposed technique, the antenna arrays are implemented for a higher gain by adjusting the feeding and the distance between the antenna elements. The modified mathematical model for our proposed digital array beamforming MIMO system has been derived and merged to the current linear detection techniques such as Maximum Likelihood (ML), Zero Forcing (ZF), and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). The simulation results demonstrated the superiority of our proposed technique over the traditional MIMO systems in terms of BER and spectral efficiency (SE)

A novel optimized conical antenna array structure for back lobe cancellation of uniform concentric circular antenna arrays

In wireless communication systems, the existence of the antenna array back lobe represents a significant source of interference, which causes degradation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and power loss. In this paper, a novel optimized conical antenna array (O-CONAA) structure is proposed for back lobe cancellation of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA). Based on the CAA, It is considered to be made up Of several concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) which are placed in the X-Y plane. Firstly a non-optimized CONAA is constructed, by arranging these concentric CAAs with uniform vertical spacing along the Z-axis. Consequently, the CONAA seems to be treated as a combination between uniform CAAs and a linear antenna array (LAA). It has been noted that the CONAA radiation pattern has a back lobe amplitude the same as the main beam amplitude. The O-CONAA structure is suggested as a solution to this problem, which provides back lobe cancellation while maintaining the CONAA pattern characteristics like half power beamwidth (HPBW) side lobe level (SLL). The genetic algorithm(GA) approach is used in the O-CONAA structure to optimize the values of both CONAA inter-element spacing around the perimeter of each circle, and vertical spacing along the Z-axis to generate the desired radiation pattern

A novel optimized conical antenna array structure for back lobe cancellation of uniform concentric circular antenna arrays

In wireless communication systems, the existence of the antenna array back lobe represents a significant source of interference, which causes degradation of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), and power loss. In this paper, a novel optimized conical antenna array (O-CONAA) structure is proposed for back lobe cancellation of concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA). Based on the CAA, It is considered to be made up Of several concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) which are placed in the X-Y plane. Firstly a non-optimized CONAA is constructed, by arranging these concentric CAAs with uniform vertical spacing along the Z-axis. Consequently, the CONAA seems to be treated as a combination between uniform CAAs and a linear antenna array (LAA). It has been noted that the CONAA radiation pattern has a back lobe amplitude the same as the main beam amplitude. The O-CONAA structure is suggested as a solution to this problem, which provides back lobe cancellation while maintaining the CONAA pattern characteristics like half power beamwidth (HPBW) side lobe level (SLL). The genetic algorithm(GA) approach is used in the O-CONAA structure to optimize the values of both CONAA inter-element spacing around the perimeter of each circle, and vertical spacing along the Z-axis to generate the desired radiation pattern

Phonon Band Structure and Thermal Transport Correlation in a Layered Diatomic Crystal

To elucidate the relationship between a crystal's structure, its thermal conductivity, and its phonon dispersion characteristics, an analysis is conducted on layered diatomic Lennard-Jones crystals with various mass ratios. Lattice dynamics theory and molecular dynamics simulations are used to predict the phonon dispersion curves and the thermal conductivity. The layered structure generates directionally dependent thermal conductivities lower than those predicted by density trends alone. The dispersion characteristics are quantified using a set of novel band diagram metrics, which are used to assess the contributions of acoustic phonons and optical phonons to the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increases as the extent of the acoustic modes increases, and decreases as the extent of the stop bands increases. The sensitivity of the thermal conductivity to the band diagram metrics is highest at low temperatures, where there is less anharmonic scattering, indicating that dispersion plays a more prominent role in thermal transport in that regime. We propose that the dispersion metrics (i) provide an indirect measure of the relative contributions of dispersion and anharmonic scattering to the thermal transport, and (ii) uncouple the standard thermal conductivity structure-property relation to that of structure-dispersion and dispersion-property relations, providing opportunities for better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms and a potential tool for material design.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure

Detection of Avian Influenza (H5N1) In Some Fish and Shellfish from Different Aquatic Habitats across Some Egyptian Provinces

Abstract: The global climatic changes impact on air, water and earth could extend scope of Avian Influenza (H5N1) virus to another broad sector of creatures including aquatic animals, especially those with direct relationship to aquatic birds. In the current study, Avian Influenza virus (H5N1) was detected in hemolymph of the Red Swamp crayfish (Procambrus clarkii) from three different provinces across the Nile Delta. Most of the positive cases were from the neighborhood of migratory bird natural stop stations. The virus was also detected in the Mediterranean Cone Shell (Conus mediterraneus) and the Pufferfish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) during its course of invasion to the Mediterranean Sea. Two out of three poultry manure samples collected prior to earthen pond fertilization at three different localities were proved to be positive for the H5N1 virus. Tissue / mucous samples collected from earthen pond raised tilapias were negative for the virus. Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) has presented a striking model for aquatic species carrying the virus in their blood. The current results are suggestive for an important epidemiological role played by aquatic animals in spread of avian influenza (H5N1) virus across the Egyptian aquatic habitat

Effect of ruminal ammonia supply on lysine utilization by growing steers

Citation: Hussein, A. H., Batista, E. D., Miesner, M. D., & Titgemeyer, E. C. (2016). Effect of ruminal ammonia supply on lysine utilization by growing steers. Journal of Animal Science, 94(2), 656-664. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9717Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (202 +/- 15 kg) were used to study the effects of ruminal ammonia loading on whole-body lysine (Lys) utilization. Steers were housed in metabolism crates and used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. All steers received 2.52 kg DM/d of a diet (10.1% CP) containing 82% soybean hulls, 8% wheat straw, 5% cane molasses, and 5% vitamins and minerals, and 10 g/d of urea (considered to be part of the basal diet) was ruminally infused continuously to ensure adequate ruminal ammonia concentrations. All steers were ruminally infused continuously with 200 g/d of acetic acid, 200 g/d of propionic acid, and 50 g/d of butyric acid and abomasally infused with 300 g/d of glucose continuously to increase energy supply without increasing microbial protein supply. Steers were also abomasally infused continuously with an excess of all essential AA except Lys to ensure that Lys was the only limiting AA. Treatments were arranged as a 3 x 2 factorial with 3 levels of urea (0, 40, or 80 g/d) continuously infused ruminally to induce ammonia loading and 2 levels of Lys (0 or 6 g/d) continuously infused abomasally. Treatments did not affect fecal N output (P = 0.37). Lysine supplementation decreased (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion from 51.9 g/d to 44.3 g/d, increased (P < 0.01) retained N from 24.8 to 33.8 g/d, increased (P < 0.01) plasma Lys, and decreased (P <= 0.05) plasma serine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, and phenylalanine. Lysine supplementation also tended (P = 0.09) to reduce plasma urea-N. Urea infusions linearly increased (P = 0.05) retained N (27.1, 29.3, and 31.5 g/d) and also linearly increased (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion (31.8, 48.1, and 64.4 g/d), urinary urea (21.9, 37.7, and 54.3 g/d), urinary ammonia (1.1, 1.4, and 1.9 g/d), and plasma urea (2.7, 4.0, and 5.1 mM), and linearly decreased plasma alanine (P = 0.04) and plasma glycine (P < 0.01). Assuming that retained protein is 6.25 x retained N and contains 6.4% Lys, the incremental efficiencies of infused Lys utilization were 51%, 59%, and 69% for steers receiving 0, 40, and 80 g/d of urea, respectively, indicating that ruminal ammonia loads may improve the efficiency of Lys utilization. This is supported by observed increases in whole body-protein deposition in response to ammonia loading of our steers that were, by design, Lys deficient