ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SEKOLAH SIAGA BENCANA GEMPA DAN TSUNAMI PADA SD NEGERI KAJHU KECAMATAN BAITUSSALAM ACEH BESAR

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan sarana dan prasarana, tingkat kesiapsiagaan, dan konsep sekolah siaga bencana pada SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar terhadap bencana gempa dan tsunami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada seluruh komunitas SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, kepala tata usaha, staf guru, penjaga sekolah, penjaga kantin, dan siswa. Sampel penelitian diambil sebanyak 73 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan penyebaran kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada komunitas sekolah dengan menggunakan rumus persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana komunitas sekolah dalam menghadapi bencana gempa dan tsunami yang diukur menggunakan parameter pengukuran sarana dan prasara sekolah siaga bencana, ada beberapa item yang harus dilengkapi, seperti ketersediaanya cadangan logistik, tersedianya rambu arah evakuasi yang jelas dan mudah dimengerti oleh komunitas sekolah, serta tersedianya tempat evakuasi di kawasan SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar. Untuk tingkat kesiapsiagaan komunitas sekolah, diukur dengan menganalisis 4 indikator kunci kesiapsiagaan yaitu pengetahuan, peringatan dini, kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana, serta mobilisasi sumber daya, maka dapat dideskripsikan bahwa kesiapsiagaan komunitas SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar terhadap bencana gempa dan tsunami sudah termasuk katagori baik, dengan nilai rata-rata variabel kesiapsiagaan adalah 67. Untuk itu konsep yang diperlukan untuk menjadikan sekolah siaga bencana adalah pihak sekolah melengkapi kekurangan yang telah didata untuk menjadikan sekolah siaga bencana, diantaranya menyiapkan konsep arah rambu arah evakuasi bencana tsunami yang mudah dimengerti oleh komunitas sekolah.Kata Kunci : Kesiapsiagaan, Sekolah Siaga Bencana, Gempa dan TsunamiABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the needs of facilities and infrastructure, the level of preparedness, and the concept of disaster preparedness schools in the State Elementary School Kajhu Aceh Besar to the earthquake and tsunami disaster. This research is descriptive qualitative and quantitative research. This research was conducted in all community of SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar consisting of principal, vice principal, head of administration, staff of teacher, school guard, cafeteria caretaker, and student. The sample was taken as many as 73 people. The data were collected by observation, interview, and distribution of questionnaires distributed to the school community using the percentage formula. The results showed the availability of facilities and infrastructure of the school community in dealing with the earthquake and tsunami disaster measured using measurement parameters of disaster preparedness and school facilities, there are several items that must be completed, such as availability of logistics reserves, the availability of clear evacuation signs and easily understood by the community Schools, and the availability of evacuation sites in SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar. For the level of school community preparedness, measured by analyzing four key indicators of preparedness, namely knowledge, early warning, disaster preparedness, and resource mobilization, it can be described that community preparedness of SD Negeri Kajhu Aceh Besar to the earthquake and tsunami disaster has been included good category, with The average value of the preparedness variables is 67. Therefore the concept needed to make the disaster prepared school is the school complements the shortcomings that have been recorded to make the disaster alert school, including preparing the concept of the direction of the tsunami disaster evacuation direction easily understood by the school community.Keywords: Preparedness, School Disaster Preparedness, Earthquake and Tsunam

DAMPAK GEMPA BUMI TERHADAP SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PIDIE JAYA DI GAMPONG KUTA PANGWA KECAMATAN TRIENGGADENG

ABSTRAKIsda Kamaliyatul Husna. 2017. Dampak Gempa Bumi Terhadap Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pidie Jaya di Gampong Kuta Pangwa Kecamatan Trienggadeng. Skripsi. Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Pembimbing: (1) Alfi Syahril, FJ, S. Pd, M. Si (2) Drs. Zakaria, M. EdKata Kunci: Gempa Bumi, dampak sosial ekonomi, masyarakatPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak yang terjadi pada masyarakat Gampong Kuta Pangwa Pasca Gempa bumi, untuk mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat setelah gempa bumi di Gampong Kuta Pangwa , untuk mengetahui adaptasi yang dilakukan masyarakat Gampong Kuta Pangwa pasca gempa bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara langsung terhadap responden dengan kriteria yaitu orang yang berperan penting di Gampong Kuta Pangwa dan masyarakat Gampong Kuta Pangwa yang merasakan langsung dampak gempa bumi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gempa bumi telah menelan korban jiwa serta banyak merobohkan bangunan rumah, tempat ibadah, jalan, dan bangunan-bangunan lainnya. Akibat dari gempa bumi warga yang meninggal dunia di Gampong Kuta Pangwa yaitu berjumlah 15 orang, Jumlah bangunan rumah robuh di Gampong Kuta Pangwa yaitu 100 unit, 14 unit rumah rusak berat, dan 52 unit rumah rusak sedang. Gempa bumi juga memberikan dampak terhadap kehidupan dan juga sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Pernyataan responden mengindikasikan terjadinya penurunan dari segi pendapatan setelah gempa bumi terjadi sehingga membuat perubahan terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat, terdapat kecemburuan sosial terhadap masyarakat lainnya serta ketergantungan masyarakat dalam memperoleh dana bantuan

Experiencias Educativas: Actividades de ocio como propuesta educativa.

Colección ReSed. Es un artículo de ReSed Nº 3, perteneciente al monográfico Crisis Social, Educación y Desarrollo Profesional. Coordinación del Monográfico: Dra. Montserrat Vargas Vergara Dirección de ReSed: Dra. A-Beatriz Pérez-GonzálezDesde la Escuela Primaria Draga Kobala en Maribor, Eslovenia, mostramos una experiencia educativa para la formación: el ocio desde la ocupación del tiempo libre con niños de edades de 8 a 14 años. Como educadoras, entendemos que debemos enseñar a los jóvenes a emplear su tiempo libre como una parte significativa y agradable en sus vidas, una vez que terminan sus tareas. A tal fin, las escuelas primarias eslovenas ofrecen muchas actividades de ocio diferentes. El objetivo de estas actividades es el desarrollo de las habilidades e interés de los alumnos durante el desarrollo de las mismas. Una de esas actividades es el club Mi Maribor. La propuesta desarrollada también tiene un proceso de evaluación, cuestión que nos parece fundamental a fin de ilustrar la calidad del club desde el aspecto de una profesora tutora y el de los alumnos. Exponemos algunos datos que vamos obteniendo y que son alentadores, por lo que deberíamos continuar con esta actividad de ocio que incluye alumnos de diferentes edades, padres y escuela

New evidence for important lake-level changes in Lake Baikal during the Last Glaciation

In recent years, a number of estimates have been proposed of fluctuations of the Baikal lake level caused by climate changes. They were mainly based on the interpretation of reflection seismic data from the Selenga delta area (eastern coast of Lake Baikal). These estimates range between 2 m [Colman, 1998] and 600 m [Romashkin et al., 1997]. Better-constrained values of lake-level changes during the last 100 ky were presented by Urabe et al. [2004]. According to their reflection seismic data from the Selenga delta area, the level of Lake Baikal was significantly lower than the present-day level during the two last cold stages (i.e. -45 m during MIS2 and -73 m during MIS4). To precise and verify these values, we carried out an additional high-resolution reflection seismic study in the area of Olkhon Gate (western shore of Lake Baikal). The maximum water depth in this area does not exceed 40 m. The seismic data were collected using two different types of seismic sources: i) a multi-electrode CENTIPEDE sparker with a frequency range of 350-1400 Hz, and ii) the “Sonic-2” seismic system with a frequency range of 2-5 kHz. They allow investigation of the sedimentary record with a resolution of about 1 m (to 300 m depth) and 15-20 cm (to 30 m depth), respectively.Interpretation of these new data allowed distinguishing several seismic units separated by unconformities (erosion surfaces) in the upper part of the seismic profiles. These unconformities could be traced across the entire study area. The uppermost two erosion surfaces are more sharply defined. In the deepest parts of the channel (at 37-40 m water depth) the uppermost unconformity occurs at 5-10 ms below the lake floor, and the second unconformity at 15-20 ms below the lake floor. Both unconformities are interpreted as subaerial erosion surfaces and thus mark a lowstand of the lake level during a prolonged time. For calculation of the thickness of these two units, we used the acoustic logging data from the BDP-98 borehole [BDP Members, 2000]. According these data p-wave velocities vary from 1.6 to 1.8 km/s. The thickness of our upper two seismic units can thus be converted to 4-8 m and 12-16 m, respectively. This implies that the uppermost unconformity occurs at 41-48 m, and the second unconformity at 52-64 m below present-day lake level, which is approximately at the same depth as the two unconformities in the Selenga delta area that were studied by Urabe et al. [2004] and attributed with the MIS2 and MIS4 cold periods, respectively.Our new data thus support the growing amount of evidence of a lowering of the Lake Baikal water level by 40-65 m during glacial/cold periods. The lowstands are probably caused by water redistribution in the Lake Baikal watershed due to climate changes (i.e. glaciation and atmospheric circulation). These data also allow making quantitative assessments of water balance and paleoclimate parameters in the past

Propagation of the Primorsky Fault in the central part of Lake Baikal and the evolution of Maloe More

The Primorsky Fault is one of the two major western boundary faults in the central part of Lake Baikal. According to the existing fault growth model (e.g. Agar and Klitgord, 1995), this fault has propagated gradually in a southward direction. During this propagation, the Primorsky Fault has cut through the footwall of the Ol’khon Fault, which is the other major boundary fault 35–40km to the south-east. This propagation has controlled the submergence of the Ol’khon Region which forms a large tilted block between both faults.Based on the interpretation of high-resolution reflection seismic profiles of the submerged part of the Ol’khon Region (ie. Maloe More), different depocentres have been identified in the hanging-wall region of the Primorsky Fault. These depocentres correspond to small basins that are separated from each other by distinct basement ridges, with an orientation that strikes almost perpendicularly to the Primorsky Fault. The occurrence of the oldest sedimentary deposits (Unit A, Miocene age) in depocentres in the southern part of Maloe More, indicates that old sedimentary traps and lacustrine environments must have existed in the area. This finding contradicts the existing growth model for the Primorsky Fault, which assumes that only a recent (ca. 1Ma) and gradual propagation of the fault is responsible for the increasing subsidence in Maloe More. In the different sub-basins, younger sediments (Unit B, Upper Pliocene) overlie the deposits of Unit A. Nevertheless, the upper parts of Unit B are also present on the different basement ridges. The thickness of Unit B is on the northeastern ridges in Maloe More considerably greater than on those more to the south-west, indicating that they have been submerged for a longer time. Careful investigation of a RESURS satellite image of the area has revealed a possible segmentation of the Primorsky Fault, with segment boundaries occurring at the location of the different basement ridges in Maloe More.We believe that the growth of the Primorsky Fault can therefore be described in two different stages. A first stage, during the deposition of Unit A, was characterised by the evolution of 5 different (isolated) segments that defined small basins in Maloe More. The observed basement ridges corresponded at that time to intrabasin highs that resulted from the displacement deficit between the different fault segments. Increasing extension lead to the further growth of the segments, causing a final linkage between them. This linkage marks the onset of a second stage, which was achieved during the deposition of Unit B. Linkage between fault segments caused a displacement increase (mainly at the former location of the segment boundaries), resulting in the submergence of the basement ridge. Seen the thicker deposits of Unit B on the northeastern ridges in Maloe More, we believe that the segment linkage was first established between the northernmost fault segments of the Primorsky Fault. Subsequent linkages between other segments more to the south, and the associated post-linkage displacement increases, caused the further submergence of Maloe More towards the southwest in later stages

Commentary: Advancing measurement of ASD severity and social competence: a reply to Constantino and Frazier (2013)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98257/1/jcpp12065.pd

Determining the structure of a large tilted block between two major boundary faults in a continental rift (central Lake Baikal): a reflection seismic study

Between the major boundary faults of the central part of Lake Baikal (ie. the Ol’khon fault and the Primorsky fault), a structurally complex tilted area exists that is strongly influenced by the interaction between these two faults. This area, that is about 30 kilometer wide and a 100 kilometers long, consists of three main parts: Pri-Ol’khon, Ol’khon-island and the submerged Maloe More depression. It is believed that the area formed by the gradual propagation of the Primorsky fault in a southeast direction towards the Ol’khon fault.During the summer of 2001 a large amount of high resolution reflection seismic profiles were shot in Maloe More (>600 km), that could be used to get a better insight in the structural development of the area, and in the geometry of its different sub-blocks and basins. In a first stage we have investigated the morphology of the basement underneath the sedimentary cover, and we determined which structures were fault related and which not. Age constraints on the subsequent evolution came from the correlation of the sedimentary units in Maloe More with deposits on Ol’khon-island, and with data from the long BDP-cores in a nearby area (Academician Ridge).The depth of the basement gradually increases from the southwest towards the northeast, and its morphology is characterised by several ridge structures and faults that strike at high-angle to the main faults. Several of these ridges border basins that contain relatively old sediments (Miocene age; Unit A) later overlain by younger units. Therefore the main basement structures of the Maloe More area should be older than the general believed age for the southward propagation of the Primorsky fault (1 Ma according to earlier models). Moreover the occurrence of relatively thick deposits of unit A in the southwestern extremity of Maloe More and in Ol’khon-gate contradicts the idea that these parts of the area are the youngest, being submerged only recently.Instead, older (isolated) sedimentary traps and lacustrine environments must have existed in this area. Faulting in the younger sediments however shows that the presentday activity of the major boundary faults, still has a pronounced effect on the local structure between them. Some of the formed basins are still determined by displacements on the older structures.For this study we have tried to determine the evolution of the Maloe More area, based on its interpreted structure and the relation with overlying sedimentary deposits, and we have tried to link our observations with existing models for the development of the Primorsky and Ol’khon faults

Wase baksteen gedateerd. Natuurwetenschappelijk dateringsonderzoek in de Sint-Andreas- en Sint-Gislenuskerk in Belsele (Sint-Niklaas)

De nauwkeurige datering van middeleeuwse gebouwen is vaak problematisch. Gedateerde geschreven bronnen over de bouwgeschiedenis zijn niet voorhanden of vatbaar voor diverse interpretaties. Vormelijke kenmerken staan niet altijd garant voor een nauwkeurige en gefundeerde datering. Ook bouwmaterialen en constructietechnieken kunnen soms niet meer bieden dan grove chronologische aanwijzingen. Sinds enkele decennia wordt in toenemende mate gebruik gemaakt van natuurwetenschappelijke technieken voor de absolute datering van middeleeuwse gebouwen. In dit onderzoek werd de parochiekerk Sint-Andreas- en Sint-Gislenus in Belsele (Sint-Niklaas) onderworpen aan verschillende natuurwetenschappelijke dateringstechnieken, zoals onder meer 14C-datering, thermoluminescentie (TL), optisch gestimuleerde luminescentie (OSL) en archeomagnetische analyse (AM). Het onderzoek focuste op de in baksteen gebouwde lichtbeuk van het middenschip en de bijbehorende dakkap, traditioneel gedateerd in het tweede kwart van de 13de eeuw. Voor Vlaanderen alvast een unieke en waardevolle gevalstudie

Öğretmenler Çevresel Çalışma Kitap Setlerini nasıl Değerlendirir?

The curriculum for the Environmental Studies subject which is taught in the Republic of Slovenia in the first three grades of primary schools is based on the constructivist and humanistic theory of learning and teaching. For teachers, textbook sets are a crucial aid in implementing the learning process. For the aforementioned subject, there are many sets and several factors that affect their choices. In this research study, we interrogated which textbook sets teachers use and how these help them in implementing the constructivist teaching for the Environmental Studies subject. The research was conducted on a representative sample of third-grade teachers. We found that teachers mainly use three textbook sets from various publishers and that there is only one in which the proposed and anticipated pupils’ activities, methods and forms of work assume a more active role for the pupils during the learning processSlovenya Cumhuriyeti’nde ilkokulun ilk üç sınıfı düzeyinde öğretilen Çevre Çalışmaları konusunun öğretim programı yapılandırmacı ve insancıl öğrenme ve öğretme teorilerine dayanır. Ders kitabı setleri öğrenme sürecinin tamamlanmasında öğretmenler için oldukça önemli bir yardımcıdır. Daha önce belirtilen konuda birçok set vardır ve bu setlerin seçimlerini çok sayıda faktör etkilemektedir. Bu araştırma çalışmasında, hangi ders kitabı setinin öğretmenler tarafından kullanıldığı ve bunların yapılandırmacı yaklaşıma göre öğretim yöntemlerinin uygulanmasında nasıl yardımcı oldukları sorgulanmıştır. Araştırma üçüncü sınıf öğretmenlerini temsil eden bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Öğretmenlerin temel olarak çeşitli yayınevlerine ait üç ders kitabı seti kullandıkları ve öğrenme süreci boyunca tasarlanan ve öngörülen öğrenci etkinlikleri, yöntem ve çeşitli çalışmalarda öğrencilerin daha aktif rol aldığı varsayılan sadece bir tane kitap setinin olduğu bulunmuştur