Robust shape optimization in aeronautics

Optimization is becoming an important field of research. The availability of more powerful computational resources, the ever-seek better performance and the company needs regarding time-to-market reduction, leaded to the necessity of better designs in less time. Aeronautics field has not been an exemption; shape optimization is a largely studied problem. It can be applied to many disciplines in this field, always intended to improve existing performances, and reduce costs and annoying characteristics like noise or consumption. Traditionally, optimization procedures were based on deterministic methodologies [6] so, it means that optimization leads to an optimum value which is an optimal point. Engineers have realized that this optimal point is no longer their aim. They need to ensure the optimal behaviour in the whole operating range; if they do not consider what happens in the vicinity of this point, a problem can arise. That is, in many cases, if the working point differs from the original, even a little distance, efficiency is reduced considerably [9]. Non deterministic methodologies have been applied to many fields [7][8], but the time consuming calculations required on CFD avoid to be applied to shape optimization. The study of the variability of the result against variability of the input parameters is a better representation of the real world; using these kinds of methodologies we can simulate from manufacturing tolerances to unknown measurement errors. The result is no longer a point, but a range or a set of values which defines the area where, in average, optimal output values are obtained. The optimal value could be worse than other optima, but considering its vicinity, it is clearly the best. This communication presents the development of a non-deterministic strategy coupled with optimization techniques. The main aim is the definition of an optimization procedure that ensure greater robustness of the solution than usual procedures. In order to reach this aim, probabilistic data will be used to define input parameters, and applied to each one of the members defined by the optimizer. In our case, we will use a genetic algorithm as optimizer.Postprint (published version

Research as a pedagogical strategy for recycling in the Rural IED Guillermo Álvarez

La investigación para muchas personas se considera algo aburrido y tedioso, por la complejidad de los temas estudiados. Pero es un proceso que ayuda a desarrollar las destrezas investigativas tanto en el ámbito ecológico como ambiental, al buscar alternativas con un pensamiento reflexivo, crítico y exploratorio sobre los fenómenos ambientales que pasan en su cotidianidad. A nivel mundial, tanto en Latinoamérica como el Caribe, el manejo de la basura y su posterior utilización son un problema que afecta a todos. El presente artículo plantea como la investigación se puede utilizar como una estrategia pedagógica (IEP) para el reciclaje. Se centró bajo el enfoque cualitativo, desde el tipo de investigación acción. La población de este estudio estuvo constituida por cincuenta (50) estudiantes del grado sexto de bachillerato de la IED Rural Guillermo Álvarez. Dando como resultados la realización de actividades pedagógicas con las cuales se identificaron las concepciones y hábitos de los estudiantes con respecto al reciclaje dentro de la institución. Llegando a las respectivas conclusiones de la necesidad de Reciclar, Reutilizar y Reducir las basuras generadas por la institución.Research for many people is considered boring and tedious, due to the complexity of the topics studied. But it is a process that helps to develop research skills both in the environmental and environmental field, when looking for alternatives with reflective, critical and exploratory thinking about the environmental phenomena that happen in their daily lives. At the global level, both in Latin America and the Caribbean, the handling of garbage and its subsequent use are a problem that affects everyone. This article presents how research can be used as a pedagogical strategy (IEP) for recycling. It was focused under the qualitative approach, from the type of action research. The population of this study was constituted by fifty (50) sixth grade students of the IED Rural Guillermo Álvarez Baccalaureate. Giving as results the accomplishment of pedagogical activities with which the conceptions and habits of the students with respect to the recycling inside the institution were identified. Arriving at the respective conclusions of the need to Recycle, Reuse and Reduce the garbage generated by the institution

Robust shape optimization in aeronautics

Optimization is becoming an important field of research. The availability of more powerful computational resources, the ever-seek better performance and the company needs regarding time-to-market reduction, leaded to the necessity of better designs in less time. Aeronautics field has not been an exemption; shape optimization is a largely studied problem. It can be applied to many disciplines in this field, always intended to improve existing performances, and reduce costs and annoying characteristics like noise or consumption. Traditionally, optimization procedures were based on deterministic methodologies [6] so, it means that optimization leads to an optimum value which is an optimal point. Engineers have realized that this optimal point is no longer their aim. They need to ensure the optimal behaviour in the whole operating range; if they do not consider what happens in the vicinity of this point, a problem can arise. That is, in many cases, if the working point differs from the original, even a little distance, efficiency is reduced considerably [9]. Non deterministic methodologies have been applied to many fields [7][8], but the time consuming calculations required on CFD avoid to be applied to shape optimization. The study of the variability of the result against variability of the input parameters is a better representation of the real world; using these kinds of methodologies we can simulate from manufacturing tolerances to unknown measurement errors. The result is no longer a point, but a range or a set of values which defines the area where, in average, optimal output values are obtained. The optimal value could be worse than other optima, but considering its vicinity, it is clearly the best. This communication presents the development of a non-deterministic strategy coupled with optimization techniques. The main aim is the definition of an optimization procedure that ensure greater robustness of the solution than usual procedures. In order to reach this aim, probabilistic data will be used to define input parameters, and applied to each one of the members defined by the optimizer. In our case, we will use a genetic algorithm as optimizer

Sow vaccination with a protein fragment against virulent glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis modulates immunity traits in their offspring

Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, an early colonizer of the nasal cavity in piglets, is a highly heterogeneous species, comprising both commensal and virulent strains. Virulent G. parasuis strains can cause fibrinous polyserositis called Glässer's disease. Colostrum is a source of passive immunity for young piglets. When vaccinating sows, protective antibodies are transferred to their offspring through the colostrum. Here, sow vaccination was performed with a protein fragment, F4, from the outer membrane trimeric autotransporters VtaAs exclusively found in virulent G. parasuis. Piglets were allowed to suckle for 3 weeks, following which a challenge with two virulent strains of G. parasuis was performed. A group of nonvaccinated sows and their piglets were included as a control. Antibodies against F4 were confirmed using ELISA in the vaccinated sows and their offspring before the G. parasuis challenge. Compared to the control group, F4-vaccination also resulted in an increased level of serum TGF-β both in vaccinated sows and in their offspring at early time points of life. After the challenge, a lower body temperature and a higher weight were observed in the group of piglets from vaccinated sows. One piglet from the non-vaccinated group succumbed to the infection, but no other significant differences in clinical signs were noticed. At necropsy, performed 2 weeks after the virulent challenge, the level of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in bronchoalveolar lavage was higher in the piglets from vaccinated sows. Vaccination did not inhibit the nasal colonization of the piglets by the challenge strains

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Libro de Proyectos Finales 2021 primer semestre

PregradoIngeniero CivilIngeniero de SistemasIngeniero ElectricistaIngeniero ElectrónicoIngeniero IndustrialIngeniero Mecánic