Racemic and Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Mosquito Oviposition Pheromone from a Naturally Available Unsaturated Fatty Acid

The unnatural threo-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide and the natural mosquito oviposition pheromone erythro-6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide were synthesized in a diastereodivergent fashion in 44% and 33% overall yield respectively from 5-bromovaleric acid and undecanal. The key step utilized a chemoenzymatic epoxidation-lactonization of a naturally available fatty acid to form the 6-hydroxy-5-hexadecanolide core.17 The epoxidation strategy was later adapted to allow for an asymmetric synthesis. Shi epoxidation afforded highly enantioenriched (5R, 6R)-6-hydroxyhexadecanolide (er = 10) in 70 % overall yield. Other derivatives of the chiral ketone catalyst were also screened. Finally, attempts were made to obtain the correct stereochemistry at C(6) of the target with a dynamic kinetic transformation using lipase and a transfer hydrogenation catalyst. Epimerization of the lactol with the transfer hydrogenation catalyst was successful, but lipase mediated reactions halted at <10 % conversion

Korištenje modela GeoWEPP za određivanje produkcije nanosa i otjecanja u slivu rijeke Keklik u Kahramanmarasu u Turskoj

GeoWEPP is a geo-spatial interface of the WEPP (The Water Erosion Prediction Project) model that predicts sediment yield and runoff using digital georeferenced information integrated with GIS tools. Besides, the model has ability to determine where the sediment yield and runoff occurs and locates possible deposition places. In this study, GeoWEPP model was used to estimate sediment yield and runoff from Keklik watershed, which is located 12 km from Kahramanmaras in the eastern Mediterranean region. The digital maps of the input files required for GeoWEPP model were generated using GIS tools. The estimated average annual sediment discharge and delivery of watershed were 34533.5 tones and 44.2 tones/ha, respectively. This study indicated that GeoWEPP model can provide decision makers with quick estimation of sediment yield from large watersheds with high accuracy.GeoWEPP predstavlja geoprostorno sučelje modela iz Projekta predviđanja vodene erozije (eng. WEPP), kojim se predviđa produkcija nanosa i otjecanja pomoću digitalnih georeferentnih informacija integriranih s alatima GIS-a. Osim toga, modelom se može odrediti mjesto produkcije nanosa i otjecanja te moguća mjesta sakupljanja nanosa. U ovom je istraživanju model GeoWEPP korišten za procjenu produkcije nanosa i otjecanja u slivu rijeke Keklik, koja je smještena 12 km od Kahramanmarasa u istočnoj sredozemnoj regiji. Digitalne karte ulaznih datoteka koje su potrebne za model GeoWEPP generirane su pomoću alata GIS-a. Procijenjeni prosječni godišnji protok nanosa sliva iznosio je 34533,5 tona, dok je produkcija nanosa iznosila 44,2 tone/ha. Ovo je istraživanje pokazalo da model GeoWEPP može donositeljima odluka dati brzu i vrlo preciznu procjenu produkcije nanosa u velikim slivovima

Misuse of Psychologically Active Substances of Convicts being in Prisons and their Treatment

Due to the data of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Serbia, over 70% of persons being in prisons and serving their sentences are drug addicts, and 50% of them are drug users. In the European prisons, the percentage of persons using drugs in the entire prison population is 20-70%, and in the USA 70-80%, in the Australian prisons between 50 and 80% of the convicts in prisons are addicts of psychologically active substances. The results of our survey are pursuant to official statistics data for Serbia, the European countries, USA and Australia, since 80% of our convicts in prisons have misused psychologically active substances during the period of 30 days, the previous period before coming to these institutions. More than a half of our examinees (60%), misuses narcotics and alcohol occasionally or permanently, the alcohol users only 12.7%, and only narcotics 7.3% of the ones, meaning that a treatment of addiction disease should have a significant role in prevention of recidivism

Altered non-coding RNA expression profile in F1 progeny 1 year after parental irradiation is linked to adverse effects in zebrafish

Gamma radiation produces DNA instability and impaired phenotype. Previously, we observed negative effects on phenotype, DNA methylation, and gene expression profiles, in offspring of zebrafish exposed to gamma radiation during gametogenesis. We hypothesize that previously observed effects are accompanied with changes in the expression profile of non-coding RNAs, inherited by next generations. Non-coding RNA expression profile was analysed in F1 offspring (5.5 h post-fertilization) by high-throughput sequencing 1 year after parental irradiation (8.7 mGy/h, 5.2 Gy total dose). Using our previous F1-γ genome-wide gene expression data (GSE98539), hundreds of mRNAs were predicted as targets of differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, involved in pathways such as insulin receptor, NFkB and PTEN signalling, linking to apoptosis and cancer. snRNAs belonging to the five major spliceosomal snRNAs were down-regulated in the F1-γ group, Indicating transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations. In addition, DEpiRNA clusters were associated to 9 transposable elements (TEs) (LTR, LINE, and TIR) (p = 0.0024), probable as a response to the activation of these TEs. Moreover, the expression of the lincRNAs malat-1, and several others was altered in the offspring F1, in concordance with previously observed phenotypical alterations. In conclusion, our results demonstrate diverse gamma radiation-induced alterations in the ncRNA profiles of F1 offspring observable 1 year after parental irradiation.publishedVersio