Mandeville, Bernard

Peer reviewe

The Hidden Curriculum of Veterinary Education: Mediators and Moderators of Its Effects

The “hidden curriculum” has long been supposed to have an effect on students' learning during their clinical education, and in particular in shaping their ideas of what it means to be a professional. Despite this, there has been little evidence linking specific changes in professional attitudes to the individual components of the hidden curriculum. This study aimed to recognize those components that led to a change in students' professional attitudes at a UK veterinary school, as well as to identify the attitudes most affected. Observations were made of 11 student groups across five clinical rotations, followed by semi-structured interviews with 23 students at the end of their rotation experience. Data were combined and analyzed thematically, taking both an inductive and deductive approach. Views about the importance of technical competence and communication skills were promoted as a result of students' interaction with the hidden curriculum, and tensions were revealed in relation to their attitudes toward compassion and empathy, autonomy and responsibility, and lifestyle ethic. The assessment processes of rotations and the clinical service organization served to communicate the messages of the hidden curriculum, bringing about changes in student professional attitudes, while student-selected role models and the student rotation groups moderated the effects of these influences

The iCanCope pain self-management application for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of iCanCope with Pain (iCanCope), a smartphone-based pain self-management program, in adolescents with JIA. iCanCope featured symptom tracking, goal-setting, pain coping skills and social support. Methods: A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the iCanCope app compared with a version with symptom tracking only. Primary (feasibility) outcomes were: participant accrual/attrition rates, success of app deployment, acceptability and adherence. Secondary (preliminary effectiveness) outcomes were: pain intensity, pain-related activity limitations and health-related quality of life. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Adherence was defined as the proportion of completed symptom reports: \u27low\u27 (≤24%); \u27low-moderate\u27 (25-49%); \u27high-moderate\u27 (50-75%); or \u27high\u27 (76-100%). Linear mixed models were applied for preliminary effectiveness analyses as per intention-to-treat. Results: Adolescents (N = 60) were recruited from three paediatric rheumatology centres. Rates of accrual and attrition were 82 and 13%, respectively. Both apps were deployed with high success (over 85%) and were rated as highly acceptable. Adherence was similar for both groups, with most participants demonstrating moderate-to-high adherence. Both groups exhibited a clinically meaningful reduction in pain intensity (≥1 point) that did not statistically differ between groups. There were no significant changes in activity limitations or health-related quality of life. Conclusion: The iCanCope pilot randomized controlled trial was feasible to implement in a paediatric rheumatology setting. Both apps were deployed successfully, with high acceptability, and were associated with moderate-to-high adherence. Preliminary reductions in pain intensity warrant a future trial to evaluate effectiveness of iCanCope in improving health outcomes in adolescents with JIA

Self-love and sociability: the ‘rudiments of commerce’ in the state of nature

Istvan Hont’s classic work on the theoretical links between the seventeenth-century natural jurists Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf and the eighteenth-century Scottish political economists remains a popular trope among intellectual and economic historians of various stamps. Despite this, a common criticism levelled at Hont remains his relative lack of engagement with the relationship between religion and economics in the early modern period. This paper challenges this aspect of Hont’s narrative by drawing attention to an alternative, albeit complementary, assessment of the natural jurisprudential heritage of eighteenth-century British political economy. Specifically, the article attempts to map on to Hont’s thesis the Christian Stoic interpretation of Grotius and Pufendorf which has gained greater currency in recent years. In doing so, the paper argues that Grotius and Pufendorf’s contributions to the ‘unsocial sociability’ debate do not necessarily lead directly to the Scottish school of political economists, as is commonly assumed. Instead, it contends that a reconsideration of Grotius and Pufendorf as neo-Stoic theorists, particularly via scrutiny of their respective adaptations of the traditional Stoic theory of oikeiosis, steers us towards the heart of the early English ‘clerical’ Enlightenment

Introduction. Corruption and the rise of the fiscal state

The introduction sets out the aims of the work in the context of state-building theories and reviews the current state of literature on the definitions and practices of corruption, which it seeks to historicise. It surveys the main conclusions of the various chapters and proposes a typology of the relationship between private interests and public good in early modern Europe, in an age of major change and conflict which saw the rise of the fiscal state

Metropolization as a stimulant of factors causing congestion

Z problemem kongestii mierzy się wiele miast i aglomeracji miejskich bez względu na ich wielkość i liczbę mieszkańców. Jednakże rozlewanie się obszarów miejskich poza granice administracyjne miast tzw. „urban sprawl” oraz silne tendencje do tworzenia obszarów metropolitalnych problem kongestii pogłębia. Przeciętne miesięczne opóźnienie wywołane kongestią w godzinach szczytu w 2015 roku dla 7 największych miast Polski wyniosło 10 godzin. Kongestia stanowi istotny problem nie tylko dla społeczeństwa, wpływając na mobilność i zwiększając koszty przemieszczania się, ale przede wszystkim zwiększając koszty funkcjonowania gospodarki. W 2015 roku koszty kongestii dla gospodarki wzrosły o 12,5% w porównaniu do roku poprzedniego. W artykule zaprezentowano związki metropolizacji z powstawaniem, skutkami i kosztami kongestii.The congestion is a problem for many cities and urban areas irrespective of their size and number of inhabitants. However, the spillover of areas beyond the administrative boundaries of urban sprawl and the strong tendency to create metropolitan areas even deepens the problem of congestion. The average monthly congestion delay in 2015 for the 7 largest Polish cities was 10 hours. In 2015 the cost of congestion for the economy increased by 12.5% compared to the previous year. This paper presents metropolitan relations with the origins, consequences, and costs of congestion