53 research outputs found

    A Controlled Increase in Dietary Phosphate Elevates BP in Healthy Human Subjects.

    Get PDF
    Background Despite epidemiologic evidence for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with both high dietary and serum phosphate in humans with normal renal function, no controlled phosphate intervention studies of systemic hemodynamics have been reported. Higher serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels are associated with better cardiovascular outcomes, but vitamin D increases intestinal phosphate absorption.Methods We conducted a prospective outpatient study with blinded assessment in 20 young adults with normal renal function randomized to high phosphate (regular diet plus 1 mmol/kg body wt per day of Na as neutral sodium phosphate) or low phosphate (regular diet plus lanthanum, 750 mg thrice/day, plus 0.7 mmol/kg body wt per day of Na as NaCl) for 11 weeks. After 6 weeks, all subjects received vitamin D3 (600,000 U) by intramuscular injection. Outcome parameters were 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP), pulse rate (PR), biomarkers, and measures of endothelial and arterial function.Results Compared with the low-phosphate diet group, the high-phosphate diet group had a significant increase in mean±SEM fasting plasma phosphate concentration (0.23±0.11 mmol/L); 24-hour SBP and DBP (+4.1; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.1 to 6.1; and +3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.2 mm Hg, respectively); mean 24-hour PR (+4.0; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.0 beats/min); and urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine excretion (54; 95% CI, 50 to 70; and 122; 95% CI, 85 to 159 µg/24 hr, respectively). Vitamin D had no effect on any of these parameters. Neither high- nor low-phosphate diet nor vitamin D affected endothelial function or arterial elasticity.Conclusions Increased phosphate intake (controlled for sodium) significantly increases SBP, DBP, and PR in humans with normal renal function, in part, by increasing sympathoadrenergic activity

    The Elimination Reactions of Halometalloorganic Compounds

    No full text

    Hypophosphaturia impairs the renal defense against metabolic acidosis

    Get PDF
    Hypophosphaturia impairs the renal defense against metabolic acidosis. It is known that Pi normally provides the major source of non-NH3 urinary buffer and that Pi-buffered renal H+ excretion (titratable acidity, TA) accounts for a large fraction of daily renal net acid excretion (NAE). Whether the presence of luminal non-NH3 buffers is a prerequisite to normal renal regulation of systemic acid-base equilibrium under any conditions has not been investigated. Accordingly, I investigated whether chronic renal regulation of plasma (p) [HCO3-] might be impaired under conditions of normophosphatemic hypophosphaturia (NHP) produced by short-term dietary Pi restriction. During a steady-state of HCl-induced acidosis in NaCl-replete NHP dogs (group 1A, N = 6), [HCO3-]p averaged 14.1 ± 0.6 mEq/liter and arterial (a) [H+] averaged 54 ± 2 nEq/liter. Substitution of K+ 2.5 mEq/kg as neutral Pi for equivalent dietary KCl for 7 to 8 days resulted in significant amelioration of acidosis (Δ[HCO3-]p +2.2 ± 0.5 mEq/liter, P < 0.01; Δ[H+]a -6 ± 2 nEq/liter, P < 0.01) in association with a cumulative increment (Σ;Δ) in TA excretion (+103 mEq, P < 0.001) and NAE (+ 22 mEq). To investigate whether Pi-induced amelioration of acidosis was related to enhanced urinary buffer capacity, an additional group (group 1B, N = 5) with NHP and chronic HCl acidosis was administered the non-Pi buffer, neutral creatinine (5.0 mmoles/kg daily). As with Pi, acidosis was ameliorated by creatinine administration and ΣΔNAE increased. These results indicate that normal renal regulation of [HCO3-]p during mineral acidosis is critically dependent on normal diet-dependent Pi excretion rates and provide evidence that deficient urinary Pi impairs renal acidification, even under normophosphatemic conditions, owing to deficient luminal buffering of secreted H+.L'hypophosphaturie altère la défense rénale contre une acidose métabolique. Il est connu que Pi constitue normalement la source principale de tampons urinaires non-NH3 et que l'excrétion rénale d'H+ tamponné par le Pi (acidité titrable, TA) représente une grande fraction de l'excrétion rénale nette quotidienne d'acide (NAE). Que la présence de tampons luminaux non-NH3 soit un préalable à une régulation rénale normale de l'équilibre acido-basique dans toutes les conditions n'a pas été étudié. C'est pourquoi j'ai cherché si la régulation rénale chronique de [HCO3-] plasmatique (p) pourrait être altérée dans des conditions d'hypophosphaturie normo-phosphatémique (NHP) produites par une courte restriction en Pi alimentaire. Pendant une acidose induite par HCl à l'équilibre chez des chiens NHP replétés en NaCl (groupe 1A, N = 6), [HCO3-]p était en moyenne de 14,1 ± 0,6 mEq/litre et [H+] artériel (a) était en moyenne de 54 ± 2 nEq/litre. La substitution de K+ 2,5 mEq/kg sous forme de Pi neutre comme équivalent du KCl alimentaire pendant 7 á 8 jours a entrainé une amélioration significative de l'acidose (Δ[HCO3-]p + 2,2 ± 0,5 mEq/litre, P < 0,01; Δ[H+] a -6 ± 2 nEq/litre, P < 0,01), associée à une augmentation cumulative (ΣΔ) de l'excrétion de TA (+103 mEq, P < 0,001) et de NAE (+22 mEq). Afin de rechercher si l'amélioration de l'acidose induite par Pi était reliée à un accroissement du pouvoir tampon des urines, un groupe supplémentaire (groupe 1B, N = 5) avec NHP et en acidose HCl chronique a reçu de la créatinine neutre (5,0 mmole/kg par jour), un tampon non Pi. Comme avec Pi, l'acidose s'est améliorée par l'administration de créatinine et ΣΔNAE s'est élevée. Ces résultats indiquent que la régulation rénale normale de [HCO3-]p pendant une acidose minérale dépend de façon critique d'excrétion normale du Pi dépendant de l'alimentation et apportent la preuve qu'un Pi urinaire insuffisant altère l'acidification rénale, même dans des conditions normophosphatémiques ce qui conduit à un tamponnement luminal insuffisant des H+ sécrétés

    Hematuria of Tubular Origin-Reply

    Full text link

    Lipoid Nephrosis Appearing as Acute Oliguric Renal Failure

    Full text link

    Measured glomerular filtration rate is the goal, but how to measure it?: FIGURE 1:

    Full text link
    corecore