118 research outputs found
An Overview of the Fluctuating Fortunes of Viticulture in England and Wales
Cet article analyse le passĂ© et le prĂ©sent de la viticulture en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles. Ces vignobles et Ă©tablissements vinicoles nây reprĂ©sentent quâune partie infime de lâensemble de la production viticole. En dĂ©pit de leur faible reprĂ©sentativitĂ© sur la scĂšne mondiale, ils ont connu un succĂšs modeste au cours des siĂšcles passĂ©s et connaissent depuis les soixante derniĂšres annĂ©es un regain grĂące aux efforts dâun nombre restreint de pionniers, dont les actions sont Ă©tudiĂ©es ici. La vigne moyenne est extrĂȘmement petite, mais il existe Ă©galement de plus grandes entreprises commerciales qui produisent des vins de table de qualitĂ© et des vins mousseux, quoiqu'en petite quantitĂ©. Quelques opĂ©rateurs ont dĂ©veloppĂ© le tourisme viticole de maniĂšre originale afin de contribuer Ă la diversification rurale. Les implications du « rĂ©chauffement global » peuvent favoriser le dĂ©veloppement de la viticulture en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles dans les annĂ©es Ă venir pourvu que les conditions de capital, de talent, de flair entreprenarial et de marchĂ© soient ouvertes.This article sketches the past and present of viticulture in England and Wales. These vineyards and wineries represent only a tiny fraction in the global spectrum of vine growing. Despite their insignificance on the world scene, they enjoyed modest success in past centuries, and experienced a revival over the past six decades due to the efforts of a small number of pioneers whose contributions are examined here. The average vineyard is extremely small, but there are also larger commercial enterprises that produce high quality table wines and sparkling wines, albeit in small quantities. Some operators have developed âvineyard tourismâ in imaginative ways to contribute to rural diversification. The implications of âglobal warmingâ may well favour viticulture in England and Wales in future years, provided that capital, skill, entrepreneurial flair and market demand are forthcoming
French Geographers under International Gaze : regional excursions for the XIIIth International Geographical Congress, 1931
Excursions accompanying international conferences provide important opportunities to transmit geographical knowledge. Fieldtrips associated with the International Geographical Congress in Paris are examined with respect to theme, leadership, and message. Leadership was entrusted to proven geographers holding doctorates, and to geologists working close to physical geography. Despite eight excursions being planned, opportunities were not offered to visit large sections of France. This pattern of activity reflected areas where regional monographs had been completed, and where annual inter-university excursions for French geographers had been run. Patronage by De Martonne (Sorbonne) or by Blanchard (Grenoble) was another important explanatory factor for who led excursions and where they took place.Les excursions offertes Ă lâoccasion des congrĂšs internationaux donnent des possibilitĂ©s importantes pour la transmission des savoirs gĂ©ographiques. Dans cet article on essaie dâanalyser le contenu, la direction et les communications des excursions associĂ©es avec le CongrĂšs International de GĂ©ographie Ă Paris. MalgrĂ© la prĂ©paration de huit excursions, de larges sections de lâHexagone restaient fermĂ©es aux congressistes. Cette situation sâexplique par la localisation et des Ă©tudes monographiques achevĂ©es, et des excursions interuniversitaires. Le patronage des grands maĂźtres (De Martonne Ă la Sorbonne, Blanchard Ă Grenoble) fournit un autre Ă©lĂ©ment dâexplication
France, Poland and Europe: the experience of the XIVth International Geographical Congress, Warsaw 1934
The vibrancy of Polish geographical research was amply demonstrated at the Warsaw Congress and on accompanying excursions. Polish work in geomorphology and rural settlement reflected achievements in France, with important Polish innovations in economic geography also evident. By contrast with their dynamism in Paris and in the field in 1931, French geographers were more restrained in their participation in Poland. Accession to the EU in 2004 confirms Polandâs re-entry to the âcommunity of Europeâ, seventy years after the Warsaw Congress.La vitalitĂ© de la recherche gĂ©ographique en Pologne fut amplement dĂ©montrĂ©e lors du CongrĂšs de Varsovie et des excursions organisĂ©es Ă cette occasion. Les travaux de recherche menĂ©s par les Polonais en gĂ©omorphologie et dans le domaine de lâhabitat rural Ă©taient Ă la hauteur des rĂ©alisations françaises, la Pologne se distinguant mĂȘme par dâimportantes innovations en gĂ©ographie Ă©conomique. Le dynamisme dĂ©montrĂ© par les gĂ©ographes français au CongrĂšs de Paris et sur le terrain en 1931 fut cependant moins perceptible trois ans plus tard Ă Varsovie. Lâaccession de la Pologne Ă lâUE en 2004 confirme son retour Ă la « communautĂ© de lâEurope », soixante-dix ans aprĂšs le CongrĂšs de Varsovie
The National Early Warning Score and its subcomponents recorded within ±24 hours of emergency medical admission are poor predictors of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury
YesBackground: Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) is a common cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality.
Aim: To determine if the patientsâ vital signs data as defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS), can predict H-AKI following emergency admission to hospital.
Methods: Analyses of emergency admissions to York hospital over 24-months with NEWS data. We report the area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression models that used the index NEWS (model A0), plus age and sex (A1), plus subcomponents of NEWS (A2) and two-way interactions (A3). Likewise for maximum NEWS (models B0,B1,B2,B3).
Results: 4.05% (1361/33608) of emergency admissions had H-AKI. Models using the index NEWS had the lower AUCs (0.59 to 0.68) than models using the maximum NEWS AUCs (0.75 to 0.77). The maximum NEWS model (B3) was more sensitivity than the index NEWS model (A0) (67.60% vs 19.84%) but identified twice as many cases as being at risk of H-AKI (9581 vs 4099) at a NEWS of 5.
Conclusions: The index NEWS is a poor predictor of H-AKI. The maximum NEWS is a better predictor but seems unfeasible because it is only knowable in retrospect and is associated with a substantial increase in workload albeit with improved sensitivity.The Health Foundatio
Cross-Channel Geographers: a century of activity.
Despite their spatial proximity, British and French geographers have undertaken relatively little research about each otherâs countries. This article provides a reasoned âbut personal - account of what has been accomplished in cross-Channel geography during the 20th century, paying attention to the authors involved, their academic milieux and their orientations within the discipline. French geographers have been especially attracted to topics in physical geography in the British Isles, whereas British geographers have emphasized research into the human and historical geography of France. Despite a certain reticence on both sides, enormous opportunities for cross-Channel research remain for the future
Professorial patronage and the formation of French geographical knowledge. A bio-bibliographical exploration of one hundred non-metropolitan regional monographs, 1893-1969
French academic geography during the major part of the 20th century is especially renowned for its regional monographs, written as doctoral theses. Foreign geographers think, first and foremost, of those monographs about regions of France, however a large amount of doctoral work covered non-metropolitan regions. Using professorial patronage as a lens, this article focuses on the production and reception of one hundred theses completed between 1893 and 1969. Dubois and Vidal de La Blache supported the first cohort, to be followed by an interwar generation under the patronage of professors at the Sorbonne and to a much lesser extent in the provinces. After 1945, the production of doctoral theses greatly increased, with patrons in Paris being complemented by provincial counterparts, especially in Bordeaux. Only three of the hundred candidates considered here were women. Academic advancement for most geographers with non-metropolitan experience meant returning to a university post in France, however many retained a passionate attachment to their fieldwork region
Geographical Pioneers in Lyon, 1874-1927; a biobibliographical essay
The facultĂ© des lettres in Lyon was one of the institutions to pioneer the teaching of geography outside Paris. Soon after the creation of the SociĂ©tĂ© de GĂ©ographie de Lyon (1873), Ă-F. Berlioux was appointed professor of geography in the facultĂ© des lettres, a post that he held from 1874 until 1889. Emphasizing the importance of topographical study, this popular lecturer and self-taught geographer has now been forgotten. Then followed a succession of much younger men, four of whom left Lyon for the Sorbonne, one died in post, and only one spent his whole career at Lyon. These six scholars published mainly in the Annales de GĂ©ographie, but placed some work with the Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© de GĂ©ographie de Lyon. Establishment of the Institut des Ătudes Rhodaniennes in 1923 and the arrival of A. Allix in the facultĂ© soon afterwards drew to a close half a century of geographical pioneering.  La FacultĂ© des Lettres de Lyon est une des premiĂšres institutions universitaires oĂč la gĂ©ographie fut enseignĂ©e aprĂšs Paris. Peu aprĂšs la crĂ©ation dâune SociĂ©tĂ© de GĂ©ographie dans cette ville (1873), E-F. Berlioux y est nommĂ© professeur, poste quâil occupera de 1874 Ă 1889. SâintĂ©ressant essentiellement Ă la description des reliefs et des paysages, cet enseignant fort populaire et qui se forma lui-mĂȘme Ă la gĂ©ographie est maintenant oubliĂ©. Lui succĂšdent de jeunes gĂ©ographes dont quatre dâentre eux quitteront Lyon pour la Sorbonne, un seulement y effectuant toute sa carriĂšre. Ces universitaires publient principalement dans les Annales de GĂ©ographie, mais aussi dans le Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© de GĂ©ographie de Lyon. La creation de lâInstitut des Etudes rhodaniennes en 1923 et lâarrivĂ©e dâA. Allix dans la facultĂ© clot le demi-siĂšcle de ces gĂ©ographes pionniers
Ed Soja, winner of the Vautrin-lud International Prize 2015
Ed Soja, winner of the Vautrin-lud International Prize 201
Thoughts on the evolution of rural geography in the British Isles
Lâarticle propose une lecture critique des recherches menĂ©es sur les espaces ruraux britanniques. Se livrant Ă un exercice dâanalyse historique de la discipline outre-manche, il montre que, dans un pays passĂ© prĂ©cocement Ă une sociĂ©tĂ© urbaine et industrielle, lâintĂ©rĂȘt a dâabord davantage portĂ© sur la prĂ©servation des paysages bucoliques de la campagne que sur les fonctions nourriciĂšres des espaces ruraux. Il dĂ©gage Ă©galement lâinfluence jouĂ© par lâĂ©cole française de gĂ©ographie dans ce quâil nomme la « proto-rural geography » des annĂ©es 1930 aux annĂ©es 1960. Dressant un tableau de la gĂ©ographie rurale britannique actuelle, tant par les thĂ©matiques abordĂ©es que par les centres universitaires influents, il prĂ©sente la vivacitĂ© et la diversitĂ© des champs de recherche britanniques, dont tĂ©moigne plus particuliĂšrement la publication depuis 1985 du pĂ©riodique interdisciplinaire Journal of Rural Studies.This article focuses on a critical review of British rural areas research for the last century. British Isles were early an urban and industrial country, so the first interest was to conserve and protect cherished, beautiful parts of rural Britain in full recognition that the countryside represented much more than food-producing space in national life. This article shows also the role of inspiration from Vidalian geography in whatâs called âproto-rural geographyâ from 1930âs till 1960âs. Actually, rural geography is very active and various in themes and university centres, as tested by Journal of Rural Studies, a very influent interdisciplinary review
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