Intoxication with some pesticides induce release of cytochrome C and DNA fragmentation in human cell line Huh 7

USMF „N. Testemiţanu” Catedra Biochimie şi Biochimie Clinică; Universitatea din Bucureşti, Facultatea de Biologie, Catedra BiochimieLindane and deltametrine are insecticides with very large utilization in agriculture and public health wich are dangerous contaminants for human organism. We studied the capacity of lindane and deltametrin to induce release of cytochrome C and DNA fragmentation in human cell line Huh 7, as a posibele mecanism of toxiticity. Our results sugest that intoxication with lindane and deltametrin induce biochemical modifications related to apoptosis. Lindanul şi deltametrinul sunt insecticide pe larg utilizate în agricultură şi sănătate publică, periculoase ca contaminanţi pentru organismul uman. Noi am studiat capacitatea acestor insecticide de a provoca eliberarea citocromului c şi fragmentatrea ADN în culturi de hepatocite umane transformate Huh7, ca un posibil mecanism al toxicităţii lor urmat de declansarea prcesului apoptotic. Rezultatele obţinute, sugerează că intoxicaţia cu aceste pesticide induce modificările biochimice caracteristice apoptozei

BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DELTAMETHRIN EXPOSURE ON THE GILLS OF CARASSIUS AURATUS GIBELIO (Pisces Cyprinidae)

This study investigated the alterations in the activities of several antioxidant enzymesin the gills of the freshwater fish Carassius auratus gibelio exposed to deltamethrin.To get this goal, groups of 10 individuals were exposed for one, two, three, sevenand fourteen days to sublethal concentration of deltamethrin (2 g/L). Anothergroup was used as control. The activities of catalase, gluthatione peroxidase andgluthatione reductase were significantly decreased, while the glutathione-Stransferasewas up-regulated. All fish, exposed to 2glL deltamethrin revealed gillsmorphological alterations after 48h of exposure which were accentuated after 14days. In the gills hyperemia, fusion of secondary lamellae, epithelial layer ruptureand chloride cells proliferation were observed. These results suggest that animmediate adaptive response to the oxidative stress appeared, demonstratingalterations in the antoxidant defense mechanism in the gills of deltamethrinintoxicated fish

SCORE2-Diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe

Aims: To develop and validate a recalibrated prediction model (SCORE2-Diabetes) to estimate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Europe. Methods and results: SCORE2-Diabetes was developed by extending SCORE2 algorithms using individual-participant data from four large-scale datasets comprising 229 460 participants (43 706 CVD events) with type 2 diabetes and without previous CVD. Sex-specific competing risk-adjusted models were used including conventional risk factors (i.e. age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, total, and HDL-cholesterol), as well as diabetes-related variables (i.e. age at diabetes diagnosis, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]). Models were recalibrated to CVD incidence in four European risk regions. External validation included 217 036 further individuals (38 602 CVD events), and showed good discrimination, and improvement over SCORE2 (C-index change from 0.009 to 0.031). Regional calibration was satisfactory. SCORE2-Diabetes risk predictions varied several-fold, depending on individuals' levels of diabetes-related factors. For example, in the moderate-risk region, the estimated 10-year CVD risk was 11% for a 60-year-old man, non-smoker, with type 2 diabetes, average conventional risk factors, HbA1c of 50 mmol/mol, eGFR of 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, and age at diabetes diagnosis of 60 years. By contrast, the estimated risk was 17% in a similar man, with HbA1c of 70 mmol/mol, eGFR of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and age at diabetes diagnosis of 50 years. For a woman with the same characteristics, the risk was 8% and 13%, respectively. Conclusion: SCORE2-Diabetes, a new algorithm developed, calibrated, and validated to predict 10-year risk of CVD in individuals with type 2 diabetes, enhances identification of individuals at higher risk of developing CVD across Europe

SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe

Aims The aim of this study was to develop, validate, and illustrate an updated prediction model (SCORE2) to estimate 10-year fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in individuals without previous CVD or diabetes aged 40-69 years in Europe.Methods and results We derived risk prediction models using individual-participant data from 45 cohorts in 13 countries (677 684 individuals, 30 121 CVD events). We used sex-specific and competing risk-adjusted models, including age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and total- and HDL-cholesterol. We defined four risk regions in Europe according to country-specific CVD mortality, recalibrating models to each region using expected incidences and risk factor distributions. Region-specific incidence was estimated using CVD mortality and incidence data on 10 776 466 individuals. For external validation, we analysed data from 25 additional cohorts in 15 European countries (1 133 181 individuals, 43 492 CVD events). After applying the derived risk prediction models to external validation cohorts, C-indices ranged from 0.67 (0.65-0.68) to 0.81 (0.76-0.86). Predicted CVD risk varied several-fold across European regions. For example, the estimated 10-year CVD risk for a 50-year-old smoker, with a systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, total cholesterol of 5.5 mmol/L, and HDL-cholesterol of 1.3 mmol/L, ranged from 5.9% for men in low- risk countries to 14.0% for men in very high-risk countries, and from 4.2% for women in low-risk countries to 13.7% for women in very high-risk countries.Conclusion SCORE2-a new algorithm derived, calibrated, and validated to predict 10-year risk of first-onset CVD in European populations-enhances the identification of individuals at higher risk of developing CVD across Europe.Cardiolog

Global epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes.

This Review provides an epidemiological overview of global mortality from acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Across the regions of the world where data are available, mortality from ACS - including premature (age 50% reductions in ASMRs for ACS in the high-income countries of the world compared with <15% reductions in lower-middle-income countries. Policymakers need more complete epidemiological data across and within global regions to identify those countries in which the burden of death from ACS is greatest and the need to implement preventive strategies is most pressing

THE EFFECT OF DEOXYNIVALENOL ON

Abstract: The biochemical effect of deoxynivalenol on HepG2 hepatocarcinom cells was examined at a concentration of 2.5 μM and 24h of exposure. The antioxidant enzyme specific activities increased. Our results revealed that HepG2 cells exposed to this mycotoxin developed specific adaptative responses neutralizing oxidative stress. Key words: deoxyivalenol, HepG2, antioxidant enzyme Introduction and literature review Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is a type B trichothecene, an epoxysesquiter-penoid. This mycotoxin occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, rye, and maize. The occurrence of deoxynivalenol is associated with Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, both of which ar

Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in Europe

This Review presents data describing the health burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) within and across the WHO European Region. CVD remains the most common cause of death in the region. Deaths from CVD in those aged 60 million potential years of life lost to CVD in Europe annually. Although more women than men die from CVD, age-standardized rates of both morbidity and death are higher in men, and these differences in rates are greatest in individuals aged <70 years. Large inequalities in all measures of morbidity, treatment and mortality can be found between countries across the continent and must be a focus for improving health. Large differences also exist in the data available between countries. The development and implementation of evidence-based preventive and treatment approaches must be supported in all countries by consistent surveillance and monitoring, such that we can quantify the health burden of CVD as well as target interventions and provide impetus for action across Europe

Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the European Union: a population-based cost study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) impacts significantly health and social care systems as well as society through premature mortality and disability, with patients requiring care from relatives. Previous pan- European estimates of the economic burden of CVD are now outdated. This study aims to provide novel, up-to-date evidence on the economic burden across the 27 European Union (EU) countries in 2021. METHODS: Aggregate country-specific resource use data on morbidity, mortality, and health, social and informal care were obtained from international sources, such as the Statistical Office of the European Communities, enhanced by data from the European Society of Cardiology Atlas programme and patient-level data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Country-specific unit costs were used, with cost estimates reported on a per capita basis, after adjustment for price differentials. RESULTS: CVD is estimated to cost the EU €282 billion annually, with health and long-term care accounting for €155 billion (55%), equalling 11% of EU-health expenditure. Productivity losses accounted for 17% (€48 billion), whereas informal care costs were €79 billion (28%). CVD represented a cost of €630 per person, ranging from €381 in Cyprus to €903 in Germany. Coronary heart disease accounted for 27% (€77 billion) and cerebrovascular diseases for 27% (€76 billion) of CVD costs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides contemporary estimates of the wide-ranging impact of CVD on all aspects of the economy. The data help inform evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of CVD, promoting care access and better health outcomes and economic sustainability

European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019 (Executive Summary)

Cardiolog

Corrigendum to: European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019

This is a correction to: European Heart Journal, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 January 2020, Pages 12–85, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz85