123,396 research outputs found
Born-Oppenheimer approximation in open systems
We generalize the standard Born-Oppenheimer approximation to the case of open
quantum systems. We define the zeroth order Born-Oppenheimer approximation of
an open quantum system as the regime in which its effective Hamiltonian can be
diagonalized with fixed slowly changing variables. We then establish validity
and invalidity conditions for this approximation for two kinds of
dissipations--the spin relaxation and the dissipation of center-of-mass motion.
As an example, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation of a two-level open system is
analyzed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Non-Markovian Quantum Jump with Generalized Lindblad Master Equation
The Monte Carlo wave function method or the quantum trajectory/jump approach
is a powerful tool to study dissipative dynamics governed by the Markovian
master equation, in particular for high-dimensional systems and when it is
difficult to simulate directly. In this paper, we extend this method to the
non-Markovian case described by the generalized Lindblad master equation. Two
examples to illustrate the method are presented and discussed. The results show
that the method can correctly reproduce the dissipative dynamics for the
system. The difference between this method and the traditional Markovian jump
approach and the computational efficiency of this method are also discussed
Are the high-Tc superconductors strongly correlated electron systems?
In this paper, we argue that the high-temperature superconductors do not
belong to strong correlated electron systems. It is shown that both the
two-dimensional Hubbard and t-J models are inadequate for describing high
temperature superconductivity. In our opinion, a superconducting phase should
be an energy minimum electronic state which can be described in a new framework
where the electron-electron interactions (both on-site Hubbard term and
off-site term) and the electron-phonon interaction can be completely
suppressed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
The Mystery of Superconductivity: Glue or No Glue?
In this study, a possible non-quasiparticle glue for superconductivity of
both conventional and unconventional superconductors is explored in a pure
electron picture. It is shown clearly that the moving electrons due to the
electromagnetic interaction can self-organize into some quasi-one-dimensional
real-space charge stripes, which can further form some thermodynamically stable
vortex lattices with trigonal or tetragonal symmetry. The relationships among
the charge stripes, the Cooper pairs and the Peierls phase transition are
discussed. The suggested mechanism (glue) of the superconductivity may be valid
for the one- and two-dimensional superconductors. We also argue that the
highest critical temperature of the doped superconductors is most likely to be
achieved around the Mott metal-insulator transition.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure
A Real Space Description of the Superconducting and Pseudogap Phase
In this work, we study the relationship between the superconducting phase and
pseudogap phase in a real-space picture. We suggest that the superconducting
ground states are guaranteed by the energy minimum charge structure of the
quasi-one-dimensional Peierls chains (static vortex lines). It is shown that
there is a charge ordering phase transition from the Peierls chains (the
superconducting ground state) to the periodic chains (the superconducting
excited state) in any superconductors. In our scenarios, all the
superconducting electrons can be considered as the "inertial electrons"at some
stable zero-force positions. Furthermore, we prove analytically that two
electrons, due to a short-range real space Coulomb confinement effect (the
nearest-neighbor electromagnetic interactions), can be in pairing inside a
single plaquette with four negative ions. This implies that the pseudogap
phenomenon can be found from a wide variety of materials, not just the cuprate
superconductors.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Magic doping: From the localized hole-pair to the checkerboard patterns
Intensive experiments have revealed that the superconductivity of the
hole-doped cuprates can be strongly suppressed at the so-called magic doping
fractions. Despite great research efforts, the origin of the `magic doping'
remains mysterious. Recently, we have developed a real-space theory of
high-temperature superconductivity which reveals the intrinsic relationship
between the localized Cooper pair and the localized hole pair
(arXiv:1007.3536). Here we report that the theory can naturally explain the
emergence of non-superconducting checkerboard phases and the magic doping
problem in hole-doped cuprate superconductors. It clearly shows that there
exist only seven `magic numbers' in the cuprate family at 1/18, 1/16, 2/25,
1/9, 1/8, 2/9 and 1/4 with 6a*6a, 4a*4a, 5a*5a, 3a*3a, 4a*4a, 3a*3a and 2a*2a
checkerboard patterns, respectively. Moreover, our framework leads directly to
a satisfactory explanation of the most recent discovery [M. J. Lawler, et al.
Nature 466, 347 (2010)] of the symmetries broken within each copper-oxide unit
in hole-doped cuprate superconductors. These findings may shed new light on the
mechanism of superconductivity.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Detrended Structure-Function in Fully Developed Turbulence
The classical structure-function (SF) method in fully developed turbulence or
for scaling processes in general is influenced by large-scale energetic
structures, known as infrared effect. Therefore, the extracted scaling
exponents might be biased due to this effect. In this paper, a
detrended structure-function (DSF) method is proposed to extract scaling
exponents by constraining the influence of large-scale structures. This is
accomplished by removing a st-order polynomial fitting within a window size
before calculating the velocity increment. By doing so, the scales
larger than , i.e., , are expected to be removed or
constrained. The detrending process is equivalent to be a high-pass filter in
physical domain. Meanwhile the intermittency nature is retained. We first
validate the DSF method by using a synthesized fractional Brownian motion for
mono-fractal processes and a lognormal process for multifractal random walk
processes. The numerical results show comparable scaling exponents
and singularity spectra for the original SFs and DSFs. When applying the
DSF to a turbulent velocity obtained from a high Reynolds number wind tunnel
experiment with , the 3rd-order DSF demonstrates a
clear inertial range with on the
range , corresponding to a wavenumber range
. This inertial range is consistent with the one predicted by
the Fourier power spectrum. The directly measured scaling exponents
(resp. singularity spectrum ) agree very well with a lognormal model with
an intermittent parameter . Due to large-scale effects, the results
provided by the SFs are biased.Comment: 11 pages with 5 figures, accepted by Journal of Turbulenc
Adiabatic Decoherence-Free Subspaces and its Shortcuts
The adiabatic theorem and "shortcuts to adiabaticity" for the adiabatic
dynamics of time-dependent decoherence-free subspaces are explored in this
paper. Starting from the definition of the dynamical stable decoherence-free
subspaces, we show that, under a compact adiabatic condition, the quantum state
follows time-dependent decoherence-free subspaces (the adiabatic decoherence
free subspaces) into the target subspace with extremely high purity, even
though the dynamics of the quantum system may be non-adiabatic. The adiabatic
condition mentioned in the adiabatic theorem is very similar with the adiabatic
condition for closed quantum systems, except that the operators required to be
"slowness" is on the Lindblad operators. We also show that the adiabatic
decoherence-free subspaces program depends on the existence of instantaneous
decoherence-free subspaces, which requires that the Hamiltonian of open quantum
systems has to be engineered according to the incoherent control program.
Besides, "the shortcuts to adiabaticity" for the adiabatic decoherence-free
subspaces program is also presented based on the transitionless quantum driving
method. Finally, we provide an example of physical systems that support our
programs. Our approach employs Markovian master equations and applies primarily
to finite-dimensional quantum systems.Comment: 17 pages,5 figure
The SLOCC invariant and the residual entanglement for n-qubits
In this paper, we find the invariant for -qubits and propose the residual
entanglement for -qubits by means of the invariant. Thus, we establish a
relation between SLOCC entanglement and the residual entanglement. The
invariant and the residual entanglement can be used for SLOCC entanglement
classification for -qubits.Comment: 22 pages, no figure, lemma 4 and corollary 3 and the conjecture for
odd n-qubits in the previous version were deleted because they are not always
tru
Multilevel quantum Otto heat engines with identical particles
A quantum Otto heat engine is studied with multilevel identical particles
trapped in one-dimensional box potential as working substance. The symmetrical
wave function for Bosons and the anti-symmetrical wave function for Fermions
are considered. In two-particle case, we focus on the ratios of ()
to , where and are the work done by two Bosons and Fermions
respectively, and is the work output of a single particle under the same
conditions. Due to the symmetric of the wave functions, the ratios are not
equal to . Three different regimes, low temperature regime, high temperature
regime, and intermediate temperature regime, are analyzed, and the effects of
energy level number and the differences between the two baths are calculated.
In the multiparticle case, we calculate the ratios of to , where
can be seen as the average work done by a single particle in
multiparticle heat engine.
For other working substances whose energy spectrum have the form of , the results are similar. For the case , two different
conclusions are obtained
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