Dengue vaccines: what we know, what has been done, but what does the future hold?

Dengue, a disease caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue viruses, is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in the world in terms of both morbidity and mortality. The infection by these viruses induces a plethora of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe diseases with involvement of several organs. Severe forms of the disease are more frequent in secondary infections by distinct serotypes and, consequently, a dengue vaccine must be tetravalent. Although several approaches have been used on the vaccine development, no vaccine is available against these viruses, especially because of problems on the development of a tetravalent vaccine. Here, we describe briefly the vaccine candidates available and their ability to elicit a protective immune response. We also discuss the problems and possibilities of any of the vaccines in final development stage reaching the market for human use

Effects of preheating and operation conditions on combustion in a porous medium

The effects of preheating conditions (including the critical energy content, the firing rate, and the equivalence ratio) on the initiation and extinction of a super-adiabatic combustion (SAC) in a steady flow of propane/air mixture through a stack of stainless steel screens (an inert porous medium) are investigated. It is found that there are critical conditions for the initiation and extinction of a SAC in the steady flow through the inert porous column. The critical preheating energy required to initiate a SAC is found to decrease with the increase of the preheating equivalence ratio, the preheating firing rate, and the operational equivalence ratio. After the initiation of a SAC, two combustion modes (i.e., stable combustion mode and push-forward combustion mode) have been observed. These combustion modes are determined by the operational conditions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Daytime passive radiative cooling by ultra emissive bio-inspired polymeric surface

202207 bckwAccepted ManuscriptPublishe

Effect of human movement on airborne disease transmission in an airplane cabin : study using numerical modeling and quantitative risk analysis

202206 bckwVersion of RecordPublishe

Solar-assisted icephobicity down to −60°C with superhydrophobic selective surfaces

202206 bckwVersion of RecordPublishe

Seroprevalence and distribution of Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Bunyaviridae arboviral infections in rural Cameroonian adults

Arboviruses from the families Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, and Bunyaviridae are suspected to cause widespread morbidity in sub-Saharan African populations, but little research been done to document the burden and distribution of these pathogens. We tested serum samples from 256 Cameroonian adults from nine rural villages for the presence of Dengue-2 (DEN-2), West Nile (WN), Yellow fever (YF), Chikungunya (CHIK), O'nyong-nyong (ONN), Sindbis (SIN), and Tahyna (TAH) infection using standard plaque-reduction neutralization tests (PRNT). Of these samples, 12.5% were DEN-2 positive, 6.6% were WN positive, 26.9% were YF positive, 46.5% were CHIK seropositive, 47.7% were ONN positive, 7.8% were SIN positive, and 36.3% were TAH positive. DEN-2, YF, and CHIK seroprevalence rates were lower among individuals living in dwellings with grass or thatched roofs versus corrugated tin and in villages isolated from urban centers. Seroprevalence rates of YF and CHIK increased with age. These results suggest that inter-epidemic arboviral infection is common in central African populations. Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

A solution-processed inorganic emitter with high spectral selectivity for efficient subambient radiative cooling in hot humid climates

202202 bcrcNot applicableRGCGeneral Research Fund (GRF) account 16200518, Collaborative Research Fund (CRF) account C6022-16GEarly release12 month

Kinetics of serological responses in influenza A(H7N9)-infected patients correlate with clinical outcome in China, 2013

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