Tetris: A compilation Framework for VQE Applications

Quantum computing has shown promise in solving complex problems by leveraging the principles of superposition and entanglement. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm stands as a pivotal approach in the realm of quantum algorithms, enabling the simulation of quantum systems on quantum hardware. In this paper, we introduce two innovative techniques, namely "Tetris" and "Fast Bridging," designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of VQE tasks. The "Tetris" technique addresses a crucial aspect of VQE optimization by unveiling cancellation opportunities within the logical circuit phase of UCCSD ansatz. Tetris demonstrates a remarkable reduction up to 20% in CNOT gate counts, about 119048 CNOT gates, and 30% depth reduction compared to the state-of-the-art compiler 'Paulihedral'. In addition to Tetris, we present the "Fast Bridging" technique as an alternative to the conventional qubit routing methods that heavily rely on swap operations. The fast bridging offers a novel approach to qubit routing, mitigating the limitations associated with swap-heavy routing. By integrating the fast bridging into the VQE framework, we observe further reductions in CNOT gate counts and circuit depth. The bridging technique can achieve up to 27% CNOT gate reduction in the QAOA application. Through a combination of Tetris and the fast bridging, we present a comprehensive strategy for enhancing VQE performance. Our experimental results showcase the effectiveness of Tetris in uncovering cancellation opportunities and demonstrate the symbiotic relationship between Tetris and the fast bridging in minimizing gate counts and circuit depth. This paper contributes not only to the advancement of VQE techniques but also to the broader field of quantum algorithm optimization

Metformin for non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (the CAMERA study): a randomised controlled trial

<br>Background: Metformin reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes seemingly independent of lowering blood glucose concentration. We assessed the cardiovascular effects of metformin in individuals without type 2 diabetes.</br> <br>Methods: We did a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Glasgow Clinical Research Facility (Glasgow, UK). We enrolled patients taking statins who did not have type 2 diabetes but who did have coronary heart disease and large waist circumferences. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer to either metformin (850 mg twice daily) or matching placebo in block sizes of four. Patients, investigators, trial staff, and statisticians were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was progression of mean distal carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) over 18 months in the modified intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints were changes in carotid plaque score (in six regions), measures of glycaemia (HbA1c, fasting glucose, and insulin concentrations, and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), and concentrations of lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tissue plasminogen activator. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00723307.</br> <br>Findings: We screened 356 patients, of whom we enrolled 173 (86 in the metformin group, 87 in the placebo group). Average age was 63 years. At baseline, mean cIMT was 0·717 mm (SD 0·129) and mean carotid plaque score was 2·43 (SD 1·55). cIMT progression did not differ significantly between groups (slope difference 0·007 mm per year, 95% CI −0·006 to 0·020; p=0·29). Change of carotid plaque score did not differ significantly between groups (0·01 per year, 95% CI −0·23 to 0·26; p=0·92). Patients taking metformin had lower HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, and tissue plasminogen activator compared with those taking placebo, but there were no significant differences for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, or fasting glucose. 138 adverse events occurred in 64 patients in the metformin group versus 120 in 60 patients in the placebo group. Diarrhoea and nausea or vomiting were more common in the metformin group than in the placebo group (28 vs 5).</br> <br>Interpretation: Metformin had no effect on cIMT and little or no effect on several surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk, taking statins. Further evidence is needed before metformin can be recommended for cardiovascular benefit in this population.</br&gt

Metformin for non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (the CAMERA study): a randomised controlled trial

<br>Background: Metformin reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes seemingly independent of lowering blood glucose concentration. We assessed the cardiovascular effects of metformin in individuals without type 2 diabetes.</br> <br>Methods: We did a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at the Glasgow Clinical Research Facility (Glasgow, UK). We enrolled patients taking statins who did not have type 2 diabetes but who did have coronary heart disease and large waist circumferences. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer to either metformin (850 mg twice daily) or matching placebo in block sizes of four. Patients, investigators, trial staff, and statisticians were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was progression of mean distal carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) over 18 months in the modified intention-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints were changes in carotid plaque score (in six regions), measures of glycaemia (HbA1c, fasting glucose, and insulin concentrations, and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]), and concentrations of lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tissue plasminogen activator. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00723307.</br> <br>Findings: We screened 356 patients, of whom we enrolled 173 (86 in the metformin group, 87 in the placebo group). Average age was 63 years. At baseline, mean cIMT was 0·717 mm (SD 0·129) and mean carotid plaque score was 2·43 (SD 1·55). cIMT progression did not differ significantly between groups (slope difference 0·007 mm per year, 95% CI −0·006 to 0·020; p=0·29). Change of carotid plaque score did not differ significantly between groups (0·01 per year, 95% CI −0·23 to 0·26; p=0·92). Patients taking metformin had lower HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, and tissue plasminogen activator compared with those taking placebo, but there were no significant differences for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, or fasting glucose. 138 adverse events occurred in 64 patients in the metformin group versus 120 in 60 patients in the placebo group. Diarrhoea and nausea or vomiting were more common in the metformin group than in the placebo group (28 vs 5).</br> <br>Interpretation: Metformin had no effect on cIMT and little or no effect on several surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic patients with high cardiovascular risk, taking statins. Further evidence is needed before metformin can be recommended for cardiovascular benefit in this population.</br&gt

Caso de estudio Colegio Peruano Chino Juan XXIII: influencia de los factores educativos y sociales en el perfil emprendedor de los alumnos

La presente investigación se basa en los factores que influyen en el perfil emprendedor de los alumnos de 4to y 5to año del nivel secundario del Colegio Peruano Chino Juan XXIII, para lo cual se ha realizado un estudio cuantitativo a través del instrumento del cuestionario en escala Likert. Esta investigación propone analizar cuál de los factores analizados, factor educativo o factor social, tiene mayor influencia en el perfil emprendedor de los alumnos del colegio en mención, para ello se ha utilizado la herramienta IBM SPSS Statistics, la cual nos brindará los resultados necesarios para realizar el análisis correspondiente. En los próximos capítulos se desarrollará la problemática del emprendimiento en el país y como esté se ha desarrollado a lo largo de los años. El marco teórico, nos dará un respaldo de como se ha llegado a obtener dichas variables y que otras investigaciones se han realizado en el marco de emprendimiento en etapa escolar. Asimismo, con el desarrollo de nuestra investigación analizaremos que dimensiones son determinantes en los factores de estudio. Por último, se concluirá la investigación con las conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre los resultados obtenidos que nos dará un mayor alcance.The present investigation is based on the factors that influence the entrepreneurship of the 4th and 5th year students of the secondary level of the Colegio Peruano Chino Juan XXIII, for which a quantitative study has been carried out through the Likert scale questionnaire instrument. This research proposes to analyze which of the analyzed factors, educational factor or social factor, has the greatest influence on the entrepreneurial profile of the students of the school in question, for which the IBM SPSS Statistics tool has been used, which will provide us with the necessary results to carry out the corresponding analysis. In the next chapters, the problem of entrepreneurship in the country will be developed and how it has developed over the years. The theoretical framework will give us a backup of how these variables have been obtained and that other research has been carried out within the framework of entrepreneurship in the school stage. Likewise, with the development of our research, we will analyze which dimensions are decisive in the study factors. Finally, the investigation will be concluded with the conclusions and recommendations on the results obtained that will give us a greater scope

CURRENT DENSITY EFFECTS ON PLASMA EMISSION DURING PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC OXIDATION (PEO) ON AZ91D-MAGNESIUM ALLOY

The effect of bipolar pulse mode current ratio on plasma behavior was investigated in PEO on AZ91D Mg-Alloy. Two cases of current ratio including 1.20 and 0.88 were applied to the sample. Plasma emission behavior was studied using plasma images and plasma emission measured by photodetector and Intensified Charged-Couple Device (ICCD) camera. The current ratio of greater than 1 shows the continuous increase and then stabilization in emission intensity with a gradual increase in voltage throughout the PEO process. In contrast, the current ratio of less than 1, a sudden drop in plasma emission intensity with voltage was found after 786s. Therefore, PEO process can be divided into two regimes, arc regime and soft regime, before and after voltage drop respectively. Results of measured spectra show that a soft regime does not have atomic or ionic excitation during PEO process. It is demonstrated that the growth of porous layer during PEO can be controlled, which is benefit for the protective oxide coating of sample

Variational Thomas-Fermi Theory of a Nonuniform Bose Condensate at Zero Temperature

We derive a description of the spatially inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate which treats the system locally as a homogeneous system. This approach, similar to the Thomas-Fermi model for the inhomogeneous many-particle fermion system, is well-suited to describe the atomic Bose-Einstein condensates that have recently been obtained experimentally through atomic trapping and cooling. In this paper, we confine our attention to the zero temperature case, although the treatment can be generalized to finite temperatures, as we shall discuss elsewhere.Comment: 24 pages, latex, 6 ps figures, BoxedEPS include

Guidance of sentinel lymph node biopsy decisions in patients with T1-T2 melanoma using gene expression profiling.

AIM: Can gene expression profiling be used to identify patients with T1-T2 melanoma at low risk for sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity? PATIENTS & METHODS: Bioinformatics modeling determined a population in which a 31-gene expression profile test predicted \u3c5% SLN positivity. Multicenter, prospectively-tested (n = 1421) and retrospective (n = 690) cohorts were used for validation and outcomes, respectively. RESULTS: Patients 55-64 years and ≥65 years with a class 1A (low-risk) profile had SLN positivity rates of 4.9% and 1.6%. Class 2B (high-risk) patients had SLN positivity rates of 30.8% and 11.9%. Melanoma-specific survival was 99.3% for patients ≥55 years with class 1A, T1-T2 tumors and 55.0% for class 2B, SLN-positive, T1-T2 tumors. CONCLUSION: The 31-gene expression profile test identifies patients who could potentially avoid SLN biopsy

Identification of ribosomal RNA genes in metagenomic fragments

Motivation: Identification of genes coding for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is considered an important goal in the analysis of data from metagenomics projects. Here, we report the development of a software program designed for the identification of rRNA genes from metagenomic fragments based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). This program provides rRNA gene predictions with high sensitivity and specificity on artificially fragmented genomic DNAs

Recent Trends in 3D Reconstruction of General Non-Rigid Scenes

Reconstructing models of the real world, including 3D geometry, appearance, and motion of real scenes, is essential for computer graphics and computer vision. It enables the synthesizing of photorealistic novel views, useful for the movie industry and AR/VR applications. It also facilitates the content creation necessary in computer games and AR/VR by avoiding laborious manual design processes. Further, such models are fundamental for intelligent computing systems that need to interpret real-world scenes and actions to act and interact safely with the human world. Notably, the world surrounding us is dynamic, and reconstructing models of dynamic, non-rigidly moving scenes is a severely underconstrained and challenging problem. This state-of-the-art report (STAR) offers the reader a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art techniques with monocular and multi-view inputs such as data from RGB and RGB-D sensors, among others, conveying an understanding of different approaches, their potential applications, and promising further research directions. The report covers 3D reconstruction of general non-rigid scenes and further addresses the techniques for scene decomposition, editing and controlling, and generalizable and generative modeling. More specifically, we first review the common and fundamental concepts necessary to understand and navigate the field and then discuss the state-of-the-art techniques by reviewing recent approaches that use traditional and machine-learning-based neural representations, including a discussion on the newly enabled applications. The STAR is concluded with a discussion of the remaining limitations and open challenges.Comment: 42 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables; State-of-the-Art Report at EUROGRAPHICS 2024. Project page: https://razayunus.github.io/non-rigid-sta