Mitochondrial genome organization varies among different groups of the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila: Poster

The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila is an important stored pest worldwide. The mt genome of an asexual strain (Beibei, China) of the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, comprises two chromosomes; each chromosome contains approximate half of the 37 genes typically found in animals. The mt genomes of two sexual strains of L. bostrychophila, however, comprise five and seven chromosomes respectively; each chromosome contains one to six genes. To understand mt genome evolution in L. bostrychophila, we sequenced the mt genomes of six strains of asexual L. bostrychophila collected from different locations in China, Croatia and USA. The mt genomes of all of the six asexual strains of L. bostrychophila collected in China, Croatia and USA have two chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequences divided nine strains of L. bostrychophila into four groups. Each group has a distinct mt genome organization and substantial sequence divergence (48.7-87.4%) from other groups. Furthermore, the seven asexual strains of L. bostrychophila including the published Beibei strain are more closely related to two other species of booklice, L. paeta and L. sculptilis, than to the sexual strains of L. bostrychophila. Our results revealed highly divergent mt genomes in the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, and indicated that L. bostrychophila is a cryptic species.The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila is an important stored pest worldwide. The mt genome of an asexual strain (Beibei, China) of the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, comprises two chromosomes; each chromosome contains approximate half of the 37 genes typically found in animals. The mt genomes of two sexual strains of L. bostrychophila, however, comprise five and seven chromosomes respectively; each chromosome contains one to six genes. To understand mt genome evolution in L. bostrychophila, we sequenced the mt genomes of six strains of asexual L. bostrychophila collected from different locations in China, Croatia and USA. The mt genomes of all of the six asexual strains of L. bostrychophila collected in China, Croatia and USA have two chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis of mt genome sequences divided nine strains of L. bostrychophila into four groups. Each group has a distinct mt genome organization and substantial sequence divergence (48.7-87.4%) from other groups. Furthermore, the seven asexual strains of L. bostrychophila including the published Beibei strain are more closely related to two other species of booklice, L. paeta and L. sculptilis, than to the sexual strains of L. bostrychophila. Our results revealed highly divergent mt genomes in the booklouse, L. bostrychophila, and indicated that L. bostrychophila is a cryptic species

Scalable monolayer-functionalized nanointerface for thermal conductivity enhancement in copper/diamond composite

Aiming at developing high thermal conductivity copper/diamond composite, an unconventional approach applying self-assembled monolayer (SAM) prior to the high-temperature sintering of copper/diamond composite was utilized to enhance the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) between copper and diamond. The enhancement was first systematically confirmed on a model interface system by detailed SAM morphology characterization and TBC measurements. TBC significantly depends on the SAM coverage and ordering, and the formation of high-quality SAM promoted the TBC to 73 MW/m^2-K from 27 MW/m^2-K, the value without SAM. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations, the TBC enhancement was identified to be determined by the number of SAM bridges and the overlap of vibrational density of states. The diamond particles of 210 {\micro\metre} in size were simultaneously functionalized by SAM with the condition giving the highest TBC in the model system and sintered together with the copper to fabricate isotropic copper/diamond composite of 50% volume fraction. The measured thermal conductivity marked 711 W/m-K at room temperature, the highest value among the ones with similar diamond-particles volume fraction and size. This work demonstrates a novel strategy to enhance the thermal conductivity of composite materials by SAM functionalization

Review of satellite remote sensing of carbon dioxide inversion and assimilation

With the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology, carbon-cycle research, as a key focus of global climate change, has also been widely developed in terms of carbon source/sink-research methods. The internationally recognized “top-down” approach, which is based on satellite observations, is an important means to verify greenhouse gas-emission inventories. This article reviews the principles, categories, and development of satellite detection payloads for greenhouse gases and introduces inversion algorithms and datasets for satellite remote sensing of XCO2. It emphasizes inversion methods based on machine learning and assimilation algorithms. Additionally, it presents the technology and achievements of carbon-assimilation systems used to estimate carbon fluxes. Finally, the article summarizes and prospects the future development of carbon-assimilation inversion to improve the accuracy of estimating and monitoring Earth’s carbon-cycle processes

Crystal Structure of the Caenorhabditis elegans Apoptosome Reveals an Octameric Assembly of CED-4

SummaryThe CED-4 homo-oligomer or apoptosome is required for initiation of programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans by facilitating autocatalytic activation of the CED-3 caspase zymogen. How the CED-4 apoptosome assembles and activates CED-3 remains enigmatic. Here we report the crystal structure of the complete CED-4 apoptosome and show that it consists of eight CED-4 molecules, organized as a tetramer of an asymmetric dimer via a previously unreported interface among AAA+ ATPases. These eight CED-4 molecules form a funnel-shaped structure. The mature CED-3 protease is monomeric in solution and forms an active holoenzyme with the CED-4 apoptosome, within which the protease activity of CED-3 is markedly stimulated. Unexpectedly, the octameric CED-4 apoptosome appears to bind only two, not eight, molecules of mature CED-3. The structure of the CED-4 apoptosome reveals shared principles for the NB-ARC family of AAA+ ATPases and suggests a mechanism for the activation of CED-3

Comparative Study of Saemaeul Movement in Korea and New Rural Communities Construction in China

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 행정학과, 2011.2. 이승종.Docto