Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter for Miniaturised Wearable Systems

Motivated by the demands of the integrated power system in the modern wearable electronics, this paper presents a new method of inductor-less switched-capacitor (SC) based DC-DC converter designed to produce two simultaneous boost and buck outputs by using a 4-phases logic switch mode regulation. While the existing SC converters missing their reconfigurability during needed spontaneous multi-outputs at the load ends, this work overcomes this limitation by being able to reconfigure higher gain mode at dual outputs. From an input voltage of 2.5 V, the proposed converter achieves step-up and step-down voltage conversions of 3.74 V and 1.233 V for Normal mode, and 4.872 V and 2.48 V for High mode, with the ripple variation of 20–60 mV. The proposed converter has been designed in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology and with conversion efficiencies up to 97–98% is in agreement with state-of-the-art SC converter designs. It produces the maximum load currents of 0.21 mA and 0.37 mA for Normal and High modes respectively. Due to the flexible gain accessibility and fast response time with only two clock cycles required for steady state outputs, this converter can be applicable for multi-function wearable devices, comprised of various integrated electronic modules

Connexin 43 plays a role in pulmonary vascular reactivity in mice

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic condition characterized by vascular remodeling and increased vaso-reactivity. PAH is more common in females than in males (~3:1). Connexin (Cx)43 has been shown to be involved in cellular communication within the pulmonary vasculature. Therefore, we investigated the role of Cx43 in pulmonary vascular reactivity using Cx43 heterozygous (Cx43+/−) mice and 37,43Gap27, which is a pharmacological inhibitor of Cx37 and Cx43. Contraction and relaxation responses were studied in intra-lobar pulmonary arteries (IPAs) derived from normoxic mice and hypoxic mice using wire myography. IPAs from male Cx43+/− mice displayed a small but significant increase in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (but not 5-hydroxytryptamine) under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. There was no difference in the contractile response to endothelin-1 (ET-1) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in IPAs derived from female Cx43+/−mice compared to wildtype mice. Relaxation responses to methacholine (MCh) were attenuated in IPAs from male and female Cx43+/− mice or by pre-incubation of IPAs with 37,43Gap27. Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) fully inhibited MCh-induced relaxation. In conclusion, Cx43 is involved in nitric oxide (NO)-induced pulmonary vascular relaxation and plays a gender-specific and agonist-specific role in pulmonary vascular contractility. Therefore, reduced Cx43 signaling may contribute to pulmonary vascular dysfunction

Local food-based complementary feeding recommendations developed by the linear programming approach to improve the intake of problem nutrients among 12-23-month-old Myanmar children.

Poor feeding practices result in inadequate nutrient intakes in young children in developing countries. To improve practices, local food-based complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) are needed. This cross-sectional survey aimed to describe current food consumption patterns of 12-23-month-old Myanmar children (n 106) from Ayeyarwady region in order to identify nutrient requirements that are difficult to achieve using local foods and to formulate affordable and realistic CFR to improve dietary adequacy. Weekly food consumption patterns were assessed using a 12-h weighed dietary record, single 24-h recall and a 5-d food record. Food costs were estimated by market surveys. CFR were formulated by linear programming analysis using WHO Optifood software and evaluated among mothers (n 20) using trial of improved practices (TIP). Findings showed that Ca, Zn, niacin, folate and Fe were 'problem nutrients': nutrients that did not achieve 100 % recommended nutrient intake even when the diet was optimised. Chicken liver, anchovy and roselle leaves were locally available nutrient-dense foods that would fill these nutrient gaps. The final set of six CFR would ensure dietary adequacy for five of twelve nutrients at a minimal cost of 271 kyats/d (based on the exchange rate of 900 kyats/USD at the time of data collection: 3rd quarter of 2012), but inadequacies remained for niacin, folate, thiamin, Fe, Zn, Ca and vitamin B6. TIP showed that mothers believed liver and vegetables would cause worms and diarrhoea, but these beliefs could be overcome to successfully promote liver consumption. Therefore, an acceptable set of CFR were developed to improve the dietary practices of 12-23-month-old Myanmar children using locally available foods. Alternative interventions such as fortification, however, are still needed to ensure dietary adequacy of all nutrients

Awareness, Attitude and Knowledge on Commercial Tax in Myanmar ( Htet Htet Lwin, 2024)

Taxation provides necessary revenue for government operations, such as public infrastructure such as roads and schools, or welfare programs such as Social Security and Medicare. The tax system of Myanmar was introduced since the British colonial period. In Myanmar, the Internal Revenue Department collects six types of taxes. Among these six taxes, this study examines the awareness, attitude and knowledge on commercial tax which is an indirect tax and it also imposes on various public consumptions. This study employs the descriptive method. The population of this study is the students of Master of Public Administration Batch 21st and 22nd . According to the survey results, respondents have awareness, good attitude and enough knowledge on implementing of commercial tax in Myanmar. Improving public awareness, attitude and knowledge about taxation is needed to build trust in government. Moreover, government should hold stakeholder meetings to share knowledge about commercial tax because most of the business is still trying to avoid collecting commercial tax in ground. The more knowledge about taxation public gets, the less tax evasion the business doe

A Study on Residents’ Perception Towards Risks Near Industrial Zones (Case Study in South Dagon Industrial Zone) ( Htet Htet Win, 2024)

The objective of the study is to examine the residents’ perception towards risks near industrial zones. To reach the study objective, the descriptive method is applied by using both primary and secondary data. The primary data is collected from 160 residents near South Dagon Industrial Zone by conducting survey with structured questionnaires. The findings indicate that the residents having a moderate risk perception regarding air pollution and a lower risk perception towards water and noise pollution. The respondents also perceive having a moderate risk regarding physical health near industrial zone while having lower risk perception towards mental health. It is suggested that community engagement should be implemented to involve residents in monitoring efforts and encourage dialogue with industries to address concerns and enhance transparency

Foreign direct investment effect on economic growth in ASEAN countries (2002 - 2019)

Thesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Development Policy, 2022The determination of our empirical investigation is to study the foreign direct investment (FDI) effect on ASEAN's economic growth utilizing human capital. Moreover, our empirical investigation aims to investigate how FDI interacts with domestic investment, human capital, and trade in developing countries to promote economic growth. The World Bank Indicators is the source of data obtained for the period of year 2002 to 2019 and OLS approach was used to analyze. One of the most important components in the development of a successful economy is human capital. Although FDI has favorable impact on ASEAN economic growth, human capital, domestic investment, and trade don’t have positive effect in ASEAN countries. This research’s conclusive finding is FDI effects on economic growth are independent of the human capital level of the host country. It can be concluded that the higher the quality of a country's human capital, the greater its economic growth and FDI inflows will be.CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER THREE: DATA AND METHODOLOGY CHAPTER FOUR: EMPIRICAL RESULTS CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedHtet Htet Hto

Analysis of Pedestrian Crash Severity on Contributing Factors in Insein Township (Htet Htet Htay, 2021)

This study intended to investigate the impact of contributing factors influencing the pedestrian-vehicle crash severity. Data were collected from the pedestrian-vehicle crash records from traffic accident records of No (2) Office of Traffic Police (Yangon), covering the year 2015 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logit model were applied in this study. By the descriptive analysis, 24 percent of pedestrians were fatal, 26 percent were serious injury and 50 percent were non-serious injury. According to the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis, the contributing factors such as pedestrian gender, age and mode, driver driving behavior, location type, crash partner and time of collision were affected to the pedestrian- vehicle crash severity. According to pedestrian gender, male pedestrians were more likely to be fatal rather than female pedestrians. The old pedestrians over 50 years were more likely to be serious injury and middle age pedestrians between 25 and 50 years old were likely to be non-serious injury. Based on the result of pedestrian mode, crossing mode were more likely to be serious injury rather than the other modes. The reckless, speeding and inexperience driving of drivers were likely to be non-serious injury while the other or unknown driving behaviors might affect the fatal severity of pedestrians. Moreover, pedestrians were more likely to be fatal at non-junction location type rather than junction. By the result of crash partner, car and motorcycle were likely to be non-serious injury than the other or unknown vehicles. By the result of time of collision, pedestrians were suffered serious injury at the other off peak times although they were more likely to be nonserious injury at AM pea

The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Performance in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Yangon Branch ( Htet Htet Aung, 2022)

The main objective of the study is to analyze the effect of work environment factors on employee performance. The descriptive and analytical research methods are used to meet the objectives of the study. 80 percent of total employees in ICBC Bank were selected by using a sample random sampling method and were interviewed by using research questionnaires instruments for primary data. The secondary data was collected from the literature reviews. The data were analyzed by applying path and regression analysis. According to regression analysis, work environment factors of physical and work life balance positively and significantly effect on employee performance. Furthermore, work environment factors of physical and psychological work environment also positively and significantly affect on job satisfaction. The study recommends that the working conditions of employees should also be improved to motivate employees to work. Moreover, organization (ICBC Bank) should upgrade their efficiency by improving the structure of their work environment especially psychological environment with incentive and rewards for improving employee performance. The study thus recommends banking industry to improve its work environment by ensuring that it is to be comfortable and secured for its employees

THE EFFECT OF PROMOTIONAL MIX ON BRAND EQUITY AND BRAND RESONANCE OF CLEAR SHAMPOO IN YANGON (Htet Htet Aung, 2019)

This study aims to examine the effect of promotional mix on brand equity and to analyze the effect of brand equity on brand resonance of Clear Shampoo by Unilever Myanmar in Yangon. The data are collected from 396 sample respondents of Clear Shampoo users in Botahtaung Township by using simple random sampling method through structured questionnaire. In this study, it is found that advertising, personal selling and public relations have strong effect on brand awareness, and all promotional mix have strong effect on brand associations. Advertising, sale promotions, direct marketing and public relations have strong effect on perceived quality, and sale promotions and direct marketing have strong effect on brand loyalty. This study finds that brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty strongly affect brand resonance. The study recommends that the company should increase sale promotions for brand loyalty to achieve strong brand resonance