Sulphonamide Derivatives of Heptamethylenimine. II. The Preparation of Arylsulphonylureas Containing in their Structure Heptamethylenimine

Since the announcement of N-n-buty l-N\u27-sulphanilylurea (»Carbutamide«)1 •2 as a valuable antidiabetic agent numerous Sulphonylurea derivatives have been widely investigate d for their potential hypoglycemic a ction. Several of . these compounds have b een successfully u sed in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Some Studies on the Reaction of B-(N,N-Heptamethylenimino) ethanol with Arylsulphonyl Chlorides

In a series of reactions of ~-(N,N-heptamethylenimino) ethanol with arylsulphonyl chlorides, four groups of compounds having different structures are described. The reaction in benzene in the presence of anhydrous sodium carbonate led to the formation of N,N-bis (heptamethylene)piperazinium salt of the arylsulphonic acid. When ~-(N,N-heptamethylenimino) ethanol and arylsulphonyl chloride were reacted in pyridine at o0 the hydrochloride of W-(N,N-heptamethylenimino) ethyl]-pyridinium-arylsulphonate was isolated. The same reaction in boiling pyridine gave the hydrochloride of [~-(N,N-heptamethylenimino) ethyl]-pyridinium chloride. The p-toluenesulphonic ester of ~-(N,N-heptamethylenimino) ethanol was prepared by reacting the sodium salt of ~-(N,N- heptamethylenimino)ethanol ,and p-toluenesulphonyl chloride. All compounds containing the pyridinium moiety showed strong hypotensive effect

Synthesis of a-Amino-1-Adamantylacetic and a-Amino- 2-Adamantylacetic Acid

a-Amino-2-adamantylacetic acid (VII) was obtained when 2-adamantylcyanoacetylhydrazide (IX) was subjected to Curtius rearrangement or 2-(2-adaman;tyl)-malonamic acid (XII) to Hofmann degradation. The same amino acid was obtained when ri.- bromo-2-adamantylacetic acid (VI) was •treated with ammonia. Partial hydrolysis of diethyl adamantyl-(1)-malonate (XIV) yie1ded ethyl adamantyl-(1)-malcmate (XV) which, after treatment with thionyl chlodde and then ammonia, gave 2-(1-adamantyl)- malonamic acid ethyl ester (XVII). Hofmann degradation of 2-(1 -adamantyl)-malonamic acid ethyl ester gave a-amino-1- -adama:ntylacetic acid (XVIII)

Geographical Distribution of Elderly People in Croatia

The authors outlined the geographical distribution of individuals displaying longevity in the Republic of Croatia. Elderly people, aged 80 years and older, have been the subject of this study and were viewed in several aspects including the number of elderly people and age-specific mortality rate by districts. Data for the years 1981 and 1991 were reviewed. In 1981 there were 73,052 (1.6%) persons aged 80 or older. Ten years later in 1991 their number had increased to 107,256, which was 2.2% of the whole population. Most of the elderly people live on the islands, in the district of Dubrovnik and in Lika, which is in the continental part of Croatia. There are more women than men among those aged 80 years and older. Age-specific mortality rate in 1981 in Croatia was 170 and in 1991 151 per 1,000 elderly people. In women the rate was 162 in 1981 and 141 in 1991, per 1,000 elderly people. The death rate was higher in men; in 1981 it was 201 and in 1991, 172 per 1,000 elderly people. We can see that the specific mortality rate had fallen in 1991 compared to 1981. The age specific mortality rate varies from district to district. In 1991 the lowest, 110 per 1,000, was in Lika, and the highest in the districts of Vara`din (182 per 1,000), Bjelovar (178 per 1,000) and Zagorje (175 per 1,000). The death rate was higher amongst elderly men (172.31 per 1,000) than elderly women (141.65 per 1,000). The smallest number of those aged 80 years and older with a high death rate is found in Slavonia. The opposite – a high number of elderly people and a low specific mortality rate – can be seen in the district of Lika. On the islands the number of elderly people is high, especially women, and surprisingly, the specific mortality rate is relatively high as well

Sulphonamide Derivatives of Heptamethylenimine. Synthesis of Arylsulphonyl-1, 1-Heptamethylenimines, N-[B-(1, 1-Heptamethylenimino) ethyl]-arylsuphonamides and N-F>-(1,1-Heptamethylensulphamyl) butyl]-arylsulphonamides

Arylsulphonyl-1,1-heptamethylenimines, N-[~-(1,1-heptamethylenimino) ethyl]-arylsulphonamides and N-[li-(1,1-heptamethylensulphamyl) butyl] -arylsulphonamides were prepared by condensation of heptamethylenimine with arylsulphonylchlorides in acetone solution. li-(1,1-Heptamethylensulphamyl) butylamine was prepared from heptamethylenimine and 4-chlorbutansulphonylchlorid via li-(1,1-heptamethylensulphamyl) butylchloride and li-(1,1-heptamethylensulphamyl) butylphthalimide

Note on the Synthesis of [2-(0ctahydro-1-azocinyl) ethyl] Guanidine Sulfate

A series of N,N-alkylenimino-alkylguanidine compounds which have been investigated for their antihypertensive properties shov.. ·e d a partiq1lar characteristic long lasting effect . [2 -(0ctahydro-1-azocinyl) ethyl) guanidine was found to be of special interest as a valuable therapeutic agent

FIRST OPERATION ON OPEN HEART IN HYPOTHERMIA PERFORMED IN CROATIA IN 1957

U Zagrebu je na kirurškom odjelu kasnije Kirurškoj klinici Kliničke bolnice »Dr. O. Novosel« (sada Klinička bolnica Merkur) 25. listopada 1957. godine izvedena operacija na otvorenom srcu u kontroliranoj hipotermiji. Zahvat je učinjen na bolesnici sa stenozom valvule pulmonalne arterije pod kontrolom oka, uz prekid venozne cirkulacije. Bio je to prvi takav kirurški postupak u hipotermiji izvršen ne samo na području Hrvatske već vjerojatno i na području tadašnje Jugoslavije.On October 25, 1957, the fi rst open heart surgery in hypothermia was performed in Zagreb, at the Department of Surgery, Dr. Ozren Novosel University Hospital (now Merkur University Hospital), in a female patient with pulmonary valve stenosis under the control of the eye and with interruption of venous circulation. It was the fi rst such operation performed in hypothermia not only in Croatia, but probably in the territory of former Yugoslavia

TiO2 ALD Coating of Amorphous TiO2 Nanotube Layers: Inhibition of the Structural and Morphological Changes Due to Water Annealing

The present work presents a strategy to stabilize amorphous anodic self-organized TiO2 nanotube layers against morphological changes and crystallization upon extensive water soaking. The growth of needle-like nanoparticles was observed on the outer and inner walls of amorphous nanotube layers after extensive water soakings, in line with the literature on water annealing. In contrary, when TiO2 nanotube layers uniformly coated by thin TiO2 using atomic layer deposition (ALD) were soaked in water, the growth rates of needle-like nanoparticles were substantially reduced. We investigated the soaking effects of ALD TiO2 coatings with different thicknesses and deposition temperatures. Sufficiently thick TiO2 coatings (≈8.4 nm) deposited at different ALD process temperatures efficiently hamper the reactions between water and F− ions, maintain the amorphous state, and preserve the original tubular morphology. This work demonstrates the possibility of having robust amorphous 1D TiO2 nanotube layers that are very stable in water. This is very practical for diverse biomedical applications that are accompanied by extensive contact with an aqueous environment

Achieving a Green Solution: Limitations and Focus Points for Sustainable Algal Fuels

Research investigating the potential of producing biofuels from algae has been enjoying a recent revival due to heightened oil prices, uncertain fossil fuel sources and legislative targets aimed at reducing our contribution to climate change. If the concept is to become a reality however, many obstacles need to be overcome. Recent studies have suggested that open ponds provide the most sustainable means of cultivation infrastructure due to their low energy inputs compared to more energy intensive photobioreactors. Most studies have focused on strains of algae which are capable of yielding high oil concentrations combined with high productivity. Yet it is very difficult to cultivate such strains in open ponds as a result of microbial competition and limited radiation-use efficiency. To improve viability, the use of wastewater has been considered by many researchers as a potential source of nutrients with the added benefit of tertiary water treatment however productivity rates are affected and optimal conditions can be difficult to maintain year round. This paper investigates the process streams which are likely to provide the most viable methods of energy recovery from cultivating and processing algal biomass. The key findings are the importance of a flexible approach which depends upon location of the cultivation ponds and the industry targeted. Additionally this study recommends moving towards technologies producing higher energy recoveries such as pyrolysis or anaerobic digestion as opposed to other studies which focused upon biodiesel production