Wpływ metod tłumienia zakłóceń na charakterystyki dynamiczne aktywnych imitatorów rezystancji

The influence of normal mode noise on the accuracy of transmission of standard resistance units using active resistance imitators is analysed. Also the influence of selected methods of noise attenuation on dynamic characteristics of active resistance imitators is investigated. The dynamic errors and transition time of input signals are determined. The investigation results show that the optimisation of the noise reduction and of the dynamic characteristics of active resistance imitators under real industrial conditions is possible by the appropriate selection of frequency-dependent elements.Przeanalizowano wpływ zakłóceń równoległych na dokładność przekazywania jednostkowej miary wzorca rezystancji za pomocą aktywnych imitatorów rezystancji. Przebadano wpływ wybranych metod tłumienia zakłóceń na charakterystyki dynamiczne aktywnych imitatorów rezystancji. Wyznaczono błędy dynamiczne oraz czas ustalania wartości sygnałów wejściowych. Wyniki badań wykazały, że możliwa jest optymalizacja odporności na zakłócenia i charakterystyk dynamicznych aktywnych imitatorów rezystancji w roboczych warunkach eksploatacji poprzez odpowiedni dobór elementów zależnych od częstotliwości

Blue Single-Layer Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Fluorescent Materials: A Molecular Design View Point

International audienceSince the beginning of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), blue emission has attracted the most attention and many research groups worldwide have worked on the design of materials for stable and highly efficient blue OLEDs. However, almost all the high-efficiency blue OLEDs using fluorescent materials are multilayer devices, which are constituted of a stack of organic layers to improve the injection, transport, and recombination of charges within the emissive layer. Although the technology has been mastered, it suffers from real complexity and high cost and is time-consuming. Simplifying the multilayer structure with a single-layer one, the simplest devices made only of electrodes and the emissive layer have appeared as an appealing strategy for this technology. However, removing the functional organic layers of an OLED stack leads to a dramatic decrease of the performance and achieving high-efficiency blue single-layer OLEDs requires intense research especially in terms of materials design. Herein, an exhaustive review of blue emitting fluorophores that have been incorporated in single-layer OLEDs is reported, and the links between their electronic properties and the device performance are discussed. Thus, a structure/properties/device performance relationship map is drawn, which is of interest for the future design of organic materials

Conductive BaCuTeF thin films for transparent contacts for semiconductor electronics

Сhemical composition, structural and electrical properties of the BaCuTeF thin films were investigated. Dependence of the copper excess on the deposition parameters was studied. Excess of copper improves the electrical properties of the films by means of increasing the hole mobility. BaCuTeF thin films can be used as transparent p++-contacts for semiconductor electronics devices

Blue organic light-emitting diodes based on pyrazoline phenyl derivative

The results of an experimental study of the electroluminescent device made of ITO/CuI/2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-(2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenol (HPhP)/3,6-Di(9-carbazolyl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl) carbazole (TCz1)/Ca:Al with efficacy up to 10.63 cd/A are presented. HPhP provides blue emission with a peak wavelength at 445 nm. The layer of TCz1 acts as an electron-transporting layer. In the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approach the geometry configuration and energy levels of HPhP are found being in a good agreement with spectral and cyclic voltammogram data

Blue organic light-emitting diodes based on pyrazoline phenyl derivative

The results of an experimental study of the electroluminescent device made of ITO/CuI/2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-(2,5-diphenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)- phenol (HPhP)/3,6-Di(9-carbazolyl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl) carbazole (TCz1)/Ca:Al with efficacy up to 10.63 cd/A are presented. HPhP provides blue emission with a peak wavelength at 445 nm. The layer of TCz1 acts as an electron-transporting layer. In the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approach the geometry configuration and energy levels of HPhP are found being in a good agreement with spectral and cyclic voltammogram data. © 2011 Elsevier B.V

The choice of legal form of business from the point of view of tax burden

The aim of this thesis is to assess the possibilities of tax optimization in relation to the different legal forms of business. The thesis describes the various legal forms of business and tax system according to the valid legislation of the Czech Republic. The next step is analyze tax burden on individual forms, especially in terms of income tax. The methodology of thesis includes a procedure for determining of the tax burden, actually the tax obligations and available resources. A substantial part of the thesis are tax optimization options and their impact on tax obligation. The practical part of thesis deals with some forms of business and compares their tax burden and the available resources that are available after the payment of compulsory payments. The conclusion of thesis contains a summary and comparison of results from the practical part, the advantages and disadvantages of forms and recommendations. This recommendation should provide guidance to future businessmen when choosing a legal form of business if they are making a decisions on the basis of the above mentioned two aspects, namely the tax burden and the resources available after payment of compulsory payments