Epidemiology of Burn Deaths in Aurangabad Region, India

Background: Amongst all discoveries by men, barely few like cultivation of soil, speech and writing, have borne such significant developments as has finding out how to make fire. From the discovery of fire and its tremendous force, manufacturing, transportation and practically all phases of modern industrial life emerged out. Burns are injuries often produced by contact with dry heat, such as flame, radiation, or some solid heated material like metal or glass to the body.Methods: This study was conducted prospectively on 325 cases of death due to burns in the period from January 2010 to December 2010.Results: Hindu married females belonging to rural background were most common victims of burns. Maximum cases were observed in the evening with involvement of cooking apparatus most of the time.Conclusion: The present study has findings more or less consistent with the findings of the other Indian studies. Rising incidences of burns can be prevented by awareness and education about the hazards of fire and safety measures also upgrade of social and educational standards of population

Root Suberin Forms an Extracellular Barrier That Affects Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition in Arabidopsis

Though central to our understanding of how roots perform their vital function of scavenging water and solutes from the soil, no direct genetic evidence currently exists to support the foundational model that suberin acts to form a chemical barrier limiting the extracellular, or apoplastic, transport of water and solutes in plant roots. Using the newly characterized enhanced suberin1 (esb1) mutant, we established a connection in Arabidopsis thaliana between suberin in the root and both water movement through the plant and solute accumulation in the shoot. Esb1 mutants, characterized by increased root suberin, were found to have reduced day time transpiration rates and increased water-use efficiency during their vegetative growth period. Furthermore, these changes in suberin and water transport were associated with decreases in the accumulation of Ca, Mn, and Zn and increases in the accumulation of Na, S, K, As, Se, and Mo in the shoot. Here, we present direct genetic evidence establishing that suberin in the roots plays a critical role in controlling both water and mineral ion uptake and transport to the leaves. The changes observed in the elemental accumulation in leaves are also interpreted as evidence that a significant component of the radial root transport of Ca, Mn, and Zn occurs in the apoplast

Root morphology and seed and leaf ionomic traits in a Brassica napus L. diversity panel show wide phenotypic variation and are characteristic of crop habit

Background: Mineral nutrient uptake and utilisation by plants are controlled by many traits relating to root morphology, ion transport, sequestration and translocation. The aims of this study were to determine the phenotypic diversity in root morphology and leaf and seed mineral composition of a polyploid crop species, Brassica napus L., and how these traits relate to crop habit. Traits were quantified in a diversity panel of up to 387 genotypes: 163 winter, 127 spring, and seven semiwinter oilseed rape (OSR) habits, 35 swede, 15 winter fodder, and 40 exotic/unspecified habits. Root traits of 14 d old seedlings were measured in a ‘pouch and wick’ system (n = ~24 replicates per genotype). The mineral composition of 3–6 rosette-stage leaves, and mature seeds, was determined on compost-grown plants from a designed experiment (n = 5) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: Seed size explained a large proportion of the variation in root length. Winter OSR and fodder habits had longer primary and lateral roots than spring OSR habits, with generally lower mineral concentrations. A comparison of the ratios of elements in leaf and seed parts revealed differences in translocation processes between crop habits, including those likely to be associated with crop-selection for OSR seeds with lower sulphur-containing glucosinolates. Combining root, leaf and seed traits in a discriminant analysis provided the most accurate characterisation of crop habit, illustrating the interdependence of plant tissues. Conclusions: High-throughput morphological and composition phenotyping reveals complex interrelationships between mineral acquisition and accumulation linked to genetic control within and between crop types (habits) in B. napus. Despite its recent genetic ancestry (<10 ky), root morphology, and leaf and seed composition traits could potentially be used in crop improvement, if suitable markers can be identified and if these correspond with suitable agronomy and quality traits

Algal species diversity indices as a measure of water pollution

Three 'species diversity indices' have been calculated to measure the nature of pollution in four fresh water bodies. The diversity indices often decrease with the extent of pollution. Yemmekeri pond and Railway pond have lesser values of diversity indices and are more polluted in comparison to Nuggekeri lake and Kelgeri lake, which have higher diversity index values with lesser degree of pollution

Підвищення продуктивності ведичного множника за допомогою FinFET

Попит на швидкі й ефективні програми DSP («цифрової обробки сигналів») у реальному часі зріс у результаті швидкого розвитку технологій. Одним із фундаментальних математичних процесів, необхідних будь-якій програмі, є множення. Vedic Multiplier можна використовувати у багатьох сферах обробки зображень і DSP, зокрема кілька варіантів оригінальних топологій Vedic Multiplier, які покращують швидкість і продуктивність. Метою статті є розробка ведичного помножувача в технології MOSFET і FinFET і зменшення потужності та часу розробки. Для зменшення затримки та потужності розроблено три різні технології суматора: «GDI», «Dual Domino Rail Adder» і «Traditional adder». Технологія GDI має кращу продуктивність, наприклад меншу потужність, затримку та кількість транзисторів, тому використання технології GDI використовується як логіка для проектування як повного суматора, напівсуматора та вентиля І. Для проектування 2-розрядного множника та отримання часткового добутку знадобилося чотири вентилі І та два напівсуматори. Пізніше за допомогою 2-розрядного множника та 4-бітового суматора переносу пульсацій відображається 4-бітовий помножувач, а за допомогою конструкції 4-бітного множника відображається 8-бітний множник. Запропонована конструкція розроблена за технологією MOSFET і FinFET, оскільки технологія FinFET споживає меншу потужність і затримку через менший витік, вищі струм стоку та продуктивність. Завдяки використанню технології FinFET загальна продуктивність становитиме 433,05 мВт, час затримки - 0,981 нс, відповідно для MOSFET 657,65 мВт і 1,367 нс.The demand for quick and effective real-time DSP ("Digital Signal Processing") applications has increased as a result of rapidly developing technologies. One of the fundamental mathematical processes that any application needs is multiplication. There are many uses for the Vedic Multiplier in the broad fields of image processing and DSP, notably the several variations of the original Vedic Multiplier topologies that improve speed and performance. The aim of a paper is to design the Vedic multiplier in MOSFET and FinFET technology and reduce the power and time of the design. For reducing the delay and power three different technology of adder is designed which are “GDI”, “Dual domino rail adder” and “Traditional adder”. The GDI technology has a better performance like lower power, delay and number of transistors so that using the GDI technology is used as the logic to design as full adder half adder and AND gate. To design the 2-bit multiplier it required four AND gate and two half adders to obtain the partial product. Later by using the 2- bit multiplier and 4-bit Ripple Carry Adder the 4-bit multiplier is mapped. Later using the 4-bit multiplier design the 8-bit multiplier is mapped. The proposed design is designed in MOSFET and FinFET technology as the result FinFET technology consume lower power and delay because of its lower leakage, higher drain current and higher performance. By using the FinFET technology overall performance will be 433.05 mW power and 0.981ns delay and MOSFET consumes 657.65 mW and 1.367 ns

Ecological significance of biochemical parameters in certain fresh water lakes of Mysore.

Studies on biochemical aspects of water pollution based on analysis of glycolic acid, chlorophylls, phycobiliproteins and total dissolved solids were made in twenty lakes in aro;nd Mysore city. Four categories of water have been recognized based on the range of glycolic acid present. The high values of glycolic acid may be due to high contents of organic pollutants coupled with high intensities of light during summer that inhibit algal photosynthesis and increase the percentage of extracellular release. The glycollate excrete may directly reflect the growth and photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton. High amounts of pollutants enhance the growth of bluegreen algae and in turn increase phycobiliproteins. Phytoplankton members of Euglenaceae also occur as mixed organisms to be of lesser relevance. Total dissolved solid content is high in Melkote lake, possibly due to the regular disturbance by devotees visiting the temple tank

An introduction to surface alloying of metals

An Introduction to Surface Alloying of Metals aims to serve as a primer to the basic aspects of surface alloying of metals. The book serves to elucidate fundamentals of surface modification and their engineering applications. The book starts with basics of surface alloying and goes on to cover key surface alloying methods, such as carburizing, nitriding, chromizing, duplex treatment, and the characterization of surface layers. The book will prove useful to students at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, as also to researchers and practitioners looking for a quick introduction to surface alloying