Recomendaciones para estructurar trabajos de investigación en formato de tesis (Arqueología)

Este trabajo presenta lineamientos generales para la estructuración de trabajos de investigación y tesis. Se ocupa de dar las pautas que guían la organización de las distintas secciones que componen diseños y tesis. Se sugiere que ambos forman parte de un continuum, y como tal comparten tanto objetivos como aspectos de la justificación y ejecución de la investigación.This paper offers general guidelines related to structuring research designs and theses. It provides a general idea about the sections comprising them. It suggests the both are part of the same process, thus sharing not only research objectives but also the study's justification and research operationalization.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Recomendaciones para estructurar trabajos de investigación en formato de tesis (Arqueología)

Este trabajo presenta lineamientos generales para la estructuración de trabajos de investigación y tesis. Se ocupa de dar las pautas que guían la organización de las distintas secciones que componen diseños y tesis. Se sugiere que ambos forman parte de un continuum, y como tal comparten tanto objetivos como aspectos de la justificación y ejecución de la investigación.This paper offers general guidelines related to structuring research designs and theses. It provides a general idea about the sections comprising them. It suggests the both are part of the same process, thus sharing not only research objectives but also the study's justification and research operationalization.Sociedad Argentina de Antropologí

Arqueología de Los Antiguos-Monte Zeballos y Paso Roballos (Noroeste de Santa Cruz)

El proyecto tiene como objetivo fundamental conocer la historia de la ocupación humana del área cordillerana que abarcan los sectores de Los Antiguos-Monte Zeballos y Paso Roballos. Nuestro interés es estudiar desde las primeras ocupaciones indígenas del área, para lo que es preciso remontarse atrás varios milenios, hasta tiempos históricos. Un problema que queremos resolver es la cuestión de la falta de continuidad en la ocupación de ciertos lugares y sus posibles condicionantes. Para entender ésto es necesario primeramente establecer un marco temporal anclado en dataciones radiocarbónicas, conocer el carácter (breve o prolongado) de las diferentes ocupaciones y discutir su relación con aquellos factores ambientales y culturales que habrían influido en la conformación del paisaje socio-cultural a lo largo del tiempo.Universidad de Buenos AiresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Ancient goat genomes reveal mosaic domestication in the Fertile Crescent.

Current genetic data are equivocal as to whether goat domestication occurred multiple times or was a singular process. We generated genomic data from 83 ancient goats (51 with genome-wide coverage) from Paleolithic to Medieval contexts throughout the Near East. Our findings demonstrate that multiple divergent ancient wild goat sources were domesticated in a dispersed process that resulted in genetically and geographically distinct Neolithic goat populations, echoing contemporaneous human divergence across the region. These early goat populations contributed differently to modern goats in Asia, Africa, and Europe. We also detect early selection for pigmentation, stature, reproduction, milking, and response to dietary change, providing 8000-year-old evidence for human agency in molding genome variation within a partner species

Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep (Ovis aries)

Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük’s occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup B in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations

Functional enhancer elements drive subclass-selective expression from mouse to primate neocortex

Viral genetic tools to target specific brain cell types in humans and non-genetic model organisms will transform basic neuroscience and targeted gene therapy. Here we used comparative epigenetics to identify thousands of human neuronal subclass-specific putative enhancers to regulate viral tools, and 34% of these were conserved in mouse. We established an AAV platform to evaluate cellular specificity of functional enhancers by multiplexed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and single cell RNA sequencing. Initial testing in mouse neocortex yields a functional enhancer discovery success rate of over 30%. We identify enhancers with specificity for excitatory and inhibitory classes and subclasses including PVALB, LAMP5, and VIP/LAMP5 cells, some of which maintain specificity in vivo or ex vivo in monkey and human neocortex. Finally, functional enhancers can be proximal or distal to cellular marker genes, conserved or divergent across species, and could yield brain-wide specificity greater than the most selective marker genes

Ancient mitogenomes from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Central Anatolia and the effects of a Late Neolithic bottleneck in sheep (Ovis aries)

Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases of sheep domestication. Analysis of 629 mitochondrial genomes from this and numerous sites in Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, and Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around the Neolithic, a potential signature of a domestication bottleneck. This is consistent with archeological evidence of sheep management at Aşıklı Höyük which transitioned from residential stabling to open pasturing over a millennium of site occupation. However, unexpectedly, we detected high genetic diversity throughout Aşıklı Höyük's occupation rather than a bottleneck. Instead, we detected a tenfold demographic bottleneck later in the Neolithic, which caused the fixation of mitochondrial haplogroup B in southwestern Anatolia. The mitochondrial genetic makeup that emerged was carried from the core region of early Neolithic sheep management into Europe and dominates the matrilineal diversity of both its ancient and the billion-strong modern sheep populations

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo