1,077 research outputs found
Relativistic nuclear structure effects in quasielastic neutrino scattering
Charged-current cross sections are calculated for quasielastic neutrino and
antineutrino scattering using a relativistic meson-nucleon model. We examine
how nuclear-structure effects, such as relativistic random-phase-approximation
(RPA) corrections and momentum-dependent nucleon self-energies, influence the
extraction of the axial form factor of the nucleon. RPA corrections are
important only at low-momentum transfers. In contrast, the momentum dependence
of the relativistic self-energies changes appreciably the value of the
axial-mass parameter, , extracted from dipole fits to the axial form
factor. Using Brookhaven's experimental neutrino spectrum we estimate the
sensitivity of M to various relativistic nuclear-structure effects.Comment: 26 pages, revtex, 6 postscript figures (available upon request
Vector meson radiation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The sigma-omega model in mean-field approximation where the meson fields are
treated classically, describes much of observed nuclear structure and has been
employed to describe the nuclear equation of state up to the quark-gluon phase
transition. The acceleration of the meson sources, for example, in relativistic
heavy-ion collisions, should result in bremsstrahlung-like radiation of the
meson fields. The many mesons emitted serve to justify the use of classical
meson fields. The slowing of the nuclei during the collision is modeled here as
a smooth transition from initial to final velocity. Under ultra-relativistic
conditions, vector radiation dominates. The angular distribution of energy flux
shows a characteristic shape. It appears that if the vector meson field couples
to the conserved baryon current, independent of the baryonic degrees of
freedom, this mechanism will contribute to the radiation seen in relativistic
heavy-ion collisions. The possible influence of the quark-gluon plasma is also
considered.Comment: 17 pages, 4 postscript figures. Uses elsart.sty and psfig.sty.
Improved motivation and typographical corrections. Accepted for publication
by Nuclear Physics
Resolution of Cosmological Singularities
We show that a class of 3+1 dimensional Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
cosmologies can be embedded within a variety of solutions of string theory. In
some realizations the apparent singularities associated with the big bang or
big crunch are resolved at non-singular horizons of higher-dimensional
quasi-black hole solutions (with compactified real time); in others plausibly
they are resolved at D-brane bound states having no conventional space-time
interpretation.Comment: 11 pages, latex. Two references added, one typo correcte
Classical Hair in String Theory I: General Formulation
We discuss why classical hair is desirable for the description of black
holes, and show that it arises generically in a wide class of field theories
involving extra dimensions. We develop the canonical formalism for theories
with the matter content that arises in string theory. General covariance and
duality are used to determine the form of surface terms. We derive an effective
theory (reduced Hamiltonian) for the hair in terms of horizon variables. %
accessible to an observer at infinity. Solution of the constraints expresses
these variables in terms of hair accessible to an observer at infinity. We
exhibit some general properties of the resulting theory, including a formal
identification of the temperature and entropy. The Cveti\v{c}-Youm dyon is
described in some detail, as an important example.Comment: 29 p. Uses phyzzx. Two lines corrected in text, references adde
Panoramic optical and near-infrared SETI instrument: prototype design and testing
The Pulsed All-sky Near-infrared Optical Search for ExtraTerrestrial
Intelligence (PANOSETI) is an instrument program that aims to search for fast
transient signals (nano-second to seconds) of artificial or astrophysical
origin. The PANOSETI instrument objective is to sample the entire observable
sky during all observable time at optical and near-infrared wavelengths over
300 - 1650 nm. The PANOSETI instrument is designed with a number of modular
telescope units using Fresnel lenses (0.5m) arranged on two geodesic
domes in order to maximize sky coverage. We present the prototype design
and tests of these modular Fresnel telescope units. This consists of the design
of mechanical components such as the lens mounting and module frame. One of the
most important goals of the modules is to maintain the characteristics of the
Fresnel lens under a variety of operating conditions. We discuss how we account
for a range of operating temperatures, humidity, and module orientations in our
design in order to minimize undesirable changes to our focal length or angular
resolution.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
The Role of Final State Interactions in Quasielastic Fe Reactions at large
A relativistic finite nucleus calculation using a Dirac optical potential is
used to investigate the importance of final state interactions [FSI] at large
momentum transfers in inclusive quasielastic electronuclear reactions. The
optical potential is derived from first-order multiple scattering theory and
then is used to calculate the FSI in a nonspectral Green's function doorway
approach. At intermediate momentum transfers excellent predictions of the
quasielastic Fe experimental data for the longitudinal response
function are obtained. In comparisons with recent measurements at ~GeV/c the theoretical calculations of give good agreement for
the quasielastic peak shape and amplitude, but place the position of the peak
at an energy transfer of about ~MeV higher than the data.Comment: 13 pages typeset using revtex 3.0 with 6 postscript figures in
accompanying uuencoded file; submitted to Phys. Rev.
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays from Sequestered X Bursts
Assuming that there is no GZK (Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin) cut-off and that
super-GZK cosmic rays correlate with AGN (Active Galactic Nuclei) at
cosmological distances, it is speculated that a relic superheavy particle (X)
has its lifetime enhanced by sequestration in an extra dimension. This
sequestration is assumed to be partially liberated by proximity of merging
supermassive black holes in an AGN, temporarily but drastically reducing the
lifetime, thus stimulating an X burst. Based on sequestration of the decay
products of X, a speculative explanation of the observed ratio is
proposed.Comment: 12 pages LaTe
Improving regional ozone modeling through systematic evaluation of errors using the aircraft observations during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation
During the operational phase of the ICARTT field experiment in 2004, the regional air quality model STEM showed a strong positive surface bias and a negative upper troposphere bias (compared to observed DC-8 and WP-3 observations) with respect to ozone. After updating emissions from NEI 1999 to NEI 2001 (with a 2004 large point sources inventory update), and modifying boundary conditions, low-level model bias decreases from 11.21 to 1.45 ppbv for the NASA DC-8 observations and from 8.26 to â0.34 for the NOAA WP-3. Improvements in boundary conditions provided by global models decrease the upper troposphere negative ozone bias, while accounting for biomass burning emissions improved model performance for CO. The covariances of ozone bias were highly correlated to NOz, NOy, and HNO3 biases. Interpolation of bias information through kriging showed that decreasing emissions in SE United States would reduce regional ozone model bias and improve model correlation coefficients. The spatial distribution of forecast errors was analyzed using kriging, which identified distinct features, which when compared to errors in postanalysis simulations, helped document improvements. Changes in dry deposition to crops were shown to reduce substantially high bias in the forecasts in the Midwest, while updated emissions were shown to account for decreases in bias in the eastern United States. Observed and modeled ozone production efficiencies for the DC-8 were calculated and shown to be very similar (7.8) suggesting that recurring ozone bias is due to overestimation of NOx emissions. Sensitivity studies showed that ozone formation in the United States is most sensitive to NOx emissions, followed by VOCs and CO. PAN as a reservoir of NOx can contribute to a significant amount of surface ozone through thermal decomposition
Fresh air in the 21st century?
Ozone is an air quality problem today for much of the world's population. Regions can exceed the ozone air quality standards (AQS) through a combination of local emissions, meteorology favoring pollution episodes, and the clean-air baseline levels of ozone upon which pollution builds. The IPCC 2001 assessment studied a range of global emission scenarios and found that all but one projects increases in global tropospheric ozone during the 21st century. By 2030, near-surface increases over much of the northern hemisphere are estimated to be about 5 ppb (+2 to +7 ppb over the range of scenarios). By 2100 the two more extreme scenarios project baseline ozone increases of >20 ppb, while the other four scenarios give changes of -4 to +10 ppb. Even modest increases in the background abundance of tropospheric ozone might defeat current AQS strategies. The larger increases, however, would gravely threaten both urban and rural air quality over most of the northern hemisphere
Panoramic SETI: overall focal plane electronics and timing and network protocols
The PANOSETI experiment is an all-sky, all-the-time visible search for nanosecond to millisecond time-scale transients. The experiment will deploy observatory domes at several sites, each dome containing ~45 telescopes and covering ~4,440 square degrees. Here we describe the focal-plane electronics for the visible wavelength telescopes, each of which contains a Mother Board and four Quadrant Boards. On each quadrant board, 256 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) photon detectors are arranged to measure pulse heights to search for nanosecond time-scale pulses. To simultaneously examine pulse widths over a large range of time scales (nanoseconds to milliseconds), the instrument implements both a Continuous Imaging Mode (CI-Mode) and a Pulse Height Mode (PH-Mode). Precise timing is implemented in the gateware with the White Rabbit protocol
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