Local delamination in laminates with angle ply matrix cracks. Part 1: Tension tests and stress analysis

Quasi-static tension tests were conducted on AS4/3501-6 graphite epoxy laminates. Dye penetrant enhanced x-radiography was used to document the onset of matrix cracking and the onset of local delaminations at the intersection of the matrix cracks and the free edge. Edge micrographs taken after the onset of damage were used to verify the location of the matrix cracks and local delamination through the laminate thickness. A quasi-3D finite element analysis was conducted to calculate the stresses responsible for matrix cracking in the off-axis plies. Laminated plate theory indicated that the transverse normal stresses were compressive. However, the finite element analysis yielded tensile transverse normal stresses near the free edge. Matrix cracks formed in the off-axis plies near the free edge where in-plane transverse stresses were tensile and had their greatest magnitude. The influence of the matrix crack on interlaminar stresses is also discussed

Metered oxygen supply aids treatment of domestic sewage

Microbiological fixed-bed process was developed in which supplementary oxygen required by microbial species is supplied by electrochemical device. Rate of addition of oxygen to waste treatment process is controlled to maintain aerobic metabolism and prevent anaerobic metabolisms which produce odorous or toxic products

Visitors' Interpretive Strategies at Wolverhampton Art Gallery

Making Meaning in Art Museums is one of two research projects on the theme of art museums and interpretive communities. The first was published as Making Meaning 1:Visitors' Interpretive Strategies at Wolverhampton Art Gallery (RCMG 2001). Making Meaning in Art Museums 2 is the second of two research projects on the theme of art museums and interpretive communities. The Long Gallery at the Nottingham Castle Museum and Art Gallery was selected as the research site for this second study. Both studies have explored the ways in which visitors talked about their experience of a visit to the art museum-both what they said about the paintings and the whole of the visit.The research questions on which this project is based are: What interpretive strategies and repertories are deployed by art museum visitors? Can distinct interpretive communities be identified? What are the implications for the communication policies within art museums? This research is an ethnographic study, using qualitative methods.This research project was funded through a grant from the Arts and Humanities Research Boar

The Intergalactic Propagation of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Nuclei: An Analytic Approach

It is likely that ultra-high energy cosmic rays contain a significant component of heavy or intermediate mass nuclei. The propagation of ultra-high energy nuclei through cosmic radiation backgrounds is more complicated than that of protons and its study has required the use of Monte Carlo techniques. We present an analytic method for calculating the spectrum and the composition at Earth of ultra-high energy cosmic rays which start out as heavy nuclei from their extragalactic sources. The results obtained are in good agreement with those obtained using numerical methods.Comment: accepted for publication in Phys Rev

The male phallus in mice of the genus Peromyscus

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56349/1/MP105.pd

Faunal relationships of recent North American rodents

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56317/1/MP072.pd

Mammals of the lava fields and adjoining areas in Valencia County, New Mexico

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56296/1/MP051.pd

The anti-electroconvulsive therapy movement in Ontario a description and analysis

Recently, a movement emerged in Ontario which attempted to ban the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a controversial psychiatric treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the anti-ECT movement as a contemporary social movement. The research foci of this study pertained to: 1) the movement’s goals and organizational structure, 2) its resource mobilization efforts, and 3) the political environment in which it evolved. Three sources of data were used: key informant interviews, newspaper archives, and OHIP data depicting aggregate numbers of ECT use in Ontario. The anti-ECT movement developed from the activities of self-help groups within a larger anti-psychiatry movement. Like the anti-psychiatry movement, the anti-ECT movement was characterized by its redemptive ethos and focus on systemic change. The goal of the anti-ECT movement, to abolish ECT, prevented the development of interim goals, such as the regulation of ECT use. Consequently, the movement’s resource mobilization efforts were attenuated. The primary resources of the anti-ECT movement were the constituent support received from the New Democratic Party, and the press coverage of the movement events provided by City TV. The political environment in which the movement evolved facilitated both its development and demise. Because of the influence of the Canadian Charter and its attendant statutory changes, ECT use symbolized the absence of legal safeguards for psychiatric patients and the infringement of constitutional rights. Movement members, divided on the issue of whether to direct activities toward the legal issues of ECT use, ceased protest activity. The underlying issue in the ECT controversy was the power of institutional psychiatry. The passage of Bill 7, which allowed psychiatric patients the right to only refuse ECT, co-opted the ECT issue in exchange for the preservation of that power. The effects of the movement in terms of ECT use is unclear, although ECT use has been on the decline in recent years, particularly in the Toronto area where protest activity occurred. The implications of this and other study findings are discussed

Type localities of pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56297/1/MP052.pd