Drought administrative actions, drought statutory laws and the Permanent Drought Commission in the Júcar River Authority

[EN] The Permanent Drought Commission (CPS), from its constitution, has been a decisive organ in the management of the river basin at times of droughts, and could be considered as a forum for the discussion and evaluation of environmental policies in which the water administration authorities, responsible for decision making, take into account the allegations and opinions expressed by the members, experts and observers that are present during the Commission's Plenary Session. The Permanent Drought Commission approved the Procedural Plan for the Mitigation of Drought Effects on 13th February 2006, based on the Jucar River Basin Authority's Drought Protocols before presenting the Special Procedural Plan for Situations of Alert and Temporary Drought (PES), which contemplates a series of activities classified as: environmental protection activities, management and control, water saving and for the generation of additional savings. As a result of the persistent situation of water uncertainty in which the Jucar System is submerged, this Drought Effect Mitigation Plan continues to be in effect and the mentioned actions will be extended for as long as the situation persists.Ferrer Polo, FJ.; Pérez-Martín, MÁ.; Honrubia, M.; Pérez, F. (2008). Drought administrative actions, drought statutory laws and the Permanent Drought Commission in the Júcar River Authority. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens. (80):221-225. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/101901S2212258

Action Plan to mitigate the effects of the current drought, 2005-2007, in the Júcar River system

[EN] The hydrologic drought which began in the area of the Júcar River Basin Authority in 2004/05 and that persists up to the present day needed the introduction and, given its special intensity and persistence, the continuation of a series of emergency measures to alleviate the drought effects. The measures applied during the drought were approved in the Procedure Plan approved 13 February 2006 by the Permanent Drought Commission, and are presently included in the Special Alert and Temporary Drought Plan in the Júcar River Basin Authority (PES) and grouped in four categories, which are described in this paper.Ferrer Polo, FJ.; Pérez-Martín, MÁ.; Artés, J.; Honrubia, M.; Pérez, F. (2008). Action Plan to mitigate the effects of the current drought, 2005-2007, in the Júcar River system. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens. (80):215-220. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/101882S2152208

A cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at LMJ

Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments has given rise to new experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories), or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MJ-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B-field generated with these coil targets, as well as 2-dimensional extended magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) simulations showing that a 5T initial B-field is compressed up to 25kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1keV to 5keV) while the density is reduced (from 40gcc to 7gcc). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ

Cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at Laser MegaJoule

International audienceInvestigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in inertial confinement fusion experiments has given rise to experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories) or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MegaJoule-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B field generated with these coil targets, as well as two-dimensional extended magnetohydrodynamics simulations showing that a 5 T initial B field is compressed up to 25 kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1 keV to 5 keV) while the density is reduced (from 40g/cm3 to 7g/cm3). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using x-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ

A cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at LMJ

Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments has given rise to new experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories), or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MJ-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B-field generated with these coil targets, as well as 2-dimensional extended magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) simulations showing that a 5T initial B-field is compressed up to 25kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1keV to 5keV) while the density is reduced (from 40gcc to 7gcc). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ

A cylindrical implosion platform for the study of highly magnetized plasmas at LMJ

Investigating the potential benefits of the use of magnetic fields in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments has given rise to new experimental platforms like the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) approach at the Z-machine (Sandia National Laboratories), or its laser-driven equivalent at OMEGA (Laboratory for Laser Energetics). Implementing these platforms at MJ-scale laser facilities, such as the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) or the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is crucial to reaching self-sustained nuclear fusion and enlarges the level of magnetization that can be achieved through a higher compression. In this paper, we present a complete design of an experimental platform for magnetized implosions using cylindrical targets at LMJ. A seed magnetic field is generated along the axis of the cylinder using laser-driven coil targets, minimizing debris and increasing diagnostic access compared with pulsed power field generators. We present a comprehensive simulation study of the initial B-field generated with these coil targets, as well as 2-dimensional extended magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) simulations showing that a 5T initial B-field is compressed up to 25kT during the implosion. Under these circumstances, the electrons become magnetized, which severely modifies the plasma conditions at stagnation. In particular, in the hot spot the electron temperature is increased (from 1keV to 5keV) while the density is reduced (from 40gcc to 7gcc). We discuss how these changes can be diagnosed using X-ray imaging and spectroscopy, and particle diagnostics. We propose the simultaneous use of two dopants in the fuel (Ar and Kr) to act as spectroscopic tracers. We show that this introduces an effective spatial resolution in the plasma which permits an unambiguous observation of the B-field effects. Additionally, we present a plan for future experiments of this kind at LMJ