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Unconventional Hall response in the quantum limit of HfTe5
Interacting electrons confined to their lowest Landau level in a high magnetic field can form a variety of correlated states, some of which manifest themselves in a Hall effect. Although such states have been predicted to occur in three-dimensional semimetals, a corresponding Hall response has not yet been experimentally observed. Here, we report the observation of an unconventional Hall response in the quantum limit of the bulk semimetal HfTe5, adjacent to the three-dimensional quantum Hall effect of a single electron band at low magnetic fields. The additional plateau-like feature in the Hall conductivity of the lowest Landau level is accompanied by a Shubnikov-de Haas minimum in the longitudinal electrical resistivity and its magnitude relates as 3/5 to the height of the last plateau of the three-dimensional quantum Hall effect. Our findings are consistent with strong electron-electron interactions, stabilizing an unconventional variant of the Hall effect in a three-dimensional material in the quantum limit
Observation of a three-dimensional fractional Hall response in HfTe5
Interacting electrons in two dimensions can bind magnetic flux lines to form
composite quasiparticles with fractional electric charge, manifesting
themselves in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). Although the FQHE has
also been predicted to occur in three dimensions, it has not yet been
experimentally observed. Here, we report the observation of fractional plateaus
in the Hall conductivity of the bulk semimetal HfTe5 at magnetic fields beyond
the quantum limit. The plateaus are accompanied by Shubnikov-de Haas minima of
the longitudinal electrical resistivity. The height of the Hall plateaus is
given by twice the Fermi wave vector in the direction of the applied magnetic
field and scales with integer and particular fractional multiples of the
conductance quantum. Our findings are consistent with strong electron-electron
interactions, stabilizing a fractionalized variant of the Hall effect in three
dimensions.Comment: 35 pages with 17 figure
Effect of Foliar Nutrition and Growth Regulators on Growth, Quality and Economics of Greengram (Vigna radiata L.)
Aim: Foliar nutrition is aimed to eliminate the problems of fixation and immobilization of nutrients. Hence, foliar application of plant growth hormones is being recognized as a significant way of fertilizing modern agriculture, especially under rainfed conditions. Growth regulating substances or growth regulators are known to influence a wide array of physiological parameters like alteration of plant architecture, assimilate partitioning, promotion of photosynthesis, uptake of nutrients (mineral ions) and enhancing metabolism.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized complete block design with three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in medium black to deep black soil with clay loam texture at Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi, Yadgir district during kharif season of 2022.
Methodology: The experiment consisted of eleven treatments viz., T1: Control (water spray), T2: Pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation, T3: Nitrobenzene @ 500 ppm at flower initiation, T4: Urea @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T5: DAP @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T6: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % spray at flower initiation, T7: Boron @ 0.25 % spray at flower initiation, T8: Urea @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T9: DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation, T10: N: P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation and T11: Boron @ 0.25 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm spray at flower initiation.
Results: Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram along with higher net returns and benefit-cost ratio (BC ratio). Alternately, foliar application of N:P:K (19:19:19) @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation stage or foliar application of pulse magic @ 10 g l-1 at flower initiation stage can be recommended for achieving higher net returns from greengram cultivation.
Conclusion: Foliar application of nutrients and plant growth hormones would reduce the burden on soil application of fertilizers through urea and DAP for greengram cultivation. Thereby, cost incurred on fertilizers could be reduced and net returns could be increased. Foliar application of DAP @ 2 % + salicylic acid @ 75 ppm at flower initiation was found beneficial for growth and yield of greengram
Advances in magneto-ionic materials and perspectives for their application
The possibility of tuning magnetic material properties by ionic means is exciting both for basic science and, especially in view of the excellentenergy efficiency and room temperature operation, for potential applications. In this perspective, we shortly introduce the functionality ofmagneto-ionic materials and focus on important recent advances in this field. We present a comparative overview of state-of-the-art magneto-ionic materials considering the achieved magnetoelectric voltage coefficients for magnetization and coercivity and the demonstrated timescales for magneto-ionic switching. Furthermore, the application perspectives of magneto-ionic materials in data storage and computing,magnetic actuation, and sensing are evaluated. Finally, we propose potential research directions to push this field forward and tackle thechallenges related to future application
Aptamer Functionalized ZnO Thin-Film Transistor Based Multiplexed Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and E. Coli in Water
In this work, we demonstrate the multiplexed detection platform to sense lead (Pb2+) and Escherichia coli in water using zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). Low-voltage ZnO TFTs fabricated by physical vapor deposition were functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-glutaraldehyde (GLU) molecules. TFTs with such functionalized ZnO surfaces showed good sensitivity and high specificity to the targets with a detection limit of 27 nM and 105 colony forming unit per mL (cfu/mL) for Pb2+ and E. coli, respectively, with the TFT flat-band voltage (Vfb) and, hence, the TFT transconductance, being dependent on the target concentration. The direct integration of the sensing with the TFT and associated integrated circuits promises high-density sensor arrays
Author Correction: Axionic charge-density wave in the Weyl semimetal (TaSe<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>I (Nature, (2019), 575, 7782, (315-319), 10.1038/s41586-019-1630-4)
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited