Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs. However, its clinical use is largely limited by potential dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. To date, the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains incompletely understood. More importantly, no efficient therapeutic strategy is available to counteract DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, underscoring the importance of the prevention of this disease. In this chapter, we first describe the pathophysiology of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. We then update the findings of molecular biology of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy including molecular mechanisms, established and putative biomarkers for early diagnosis, and potential genetic factors for prediction of susceptibility. Finally, we introduce a number of pharmaceutical measures and practical lifestyle modifications for the prevention of this disease

Ferroelectricity controlled chiral spin textures and anomalous valley Hall effect in the Janus magnet-based multiferroic heterostructure

Realizing effective manipulation and explicit identification of topological spin textures are two crucial ingredients to make them as information carrier in spintronic devices with high storage density, high data handling speed and low energy consumption. Electric-field manipulation of magnetism has been achieved as a dissipationless method compared with traditional regulations. However, the magnetization is normally insensitive to the electric field since it does not break time-reversal symmetry directly, and distribution of topological magnetic quasiparticles is difficult to maintain due to the drift arising from external fluctuation, which could result in ambiguous recognition between quasiparticles and uniform magnetic background. Here, we demonstrate that electric polarization-driven skyrmionic and uniform ferromagnetic states can be easily and explicitly distinguished by transverse voltage arising from anomalous valley Hall effect in the Janus magnet-based multiferroic heterostructure LaClBr/In2Se3. Our work provides an alternative approach for data encoding, in which data are encoded by combing topological spin textures with detectable electronic transport.Comment: published in 2D materials, 9, 045030 (2022

An effective simulation analysis of transient electromagnetic multiple faults

Embedded encryption devices and smart sensors are vulnerable to physical attacks. Due to the continuous shrinking of chip size, laser injection, particle radiation and electromagnetic transient injection are possible methods that introduce transient multiple faults. In the fault analysis stage, the adversary is unclear about the actual number of faults injected. Typically, the single-nibble fault analysis encounters difficulties. Therefore, in this paper, we propose novel ciphertext-only impossible differentials that can analyze the number of random faults to six nibbles. We use the impossible differentials to exclude the secret key that definitely does not exist, and then gradually obtain the unique secret key through inverse difference equations. Using software simulation, we conducted 32,000 random multiple fault attacks on Midori. The experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical model of multiple fault attacks. We obtain the relationship between fault injection and information content. To reduce the number of fault attacks, we further optimized the fault attack method. The secret key can be obtained at least 11 times. The proposed ciphertext-only impossible differential analysis provides an effective method for random multiple faults analysis, which would be helpful for improving the security of block ciphers

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and magnetic skyrmions induced by curvature

Realizing sizeable Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) in intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnets without any manipulation will greatly enrich potential application of spintronics devices. The simplest and most desirable situation should be 2D magnets with intrinsic DMI and intrinsic chiral spin textures. Here, we propose to realize DMI by designing periodic ripple structures with different curvatures in low-dimensional magnets and demonstrate the concept in both one-dimensional (1D) CrBr2 and two-dimensional (2D) MnSe2 magnets by using first-principles calculations. We find that DMIs in curved CrBr2 and MnSe2 can be efficiently controlled by varying the size of curvature c, where c is defined as the ratio between the height h and the length l of curved structure. Moreover, we unveil that the dependence of first-principles calculated DMI on size of curvature c can be well described by the three-site Fert-L\'evy model. At last, we uncover that field-free magnetic skyrmions can be realized in curved MnSe2 by using atomistic spin model simulations based on first-principles calculated magnetic parameters. The work will open a new avenue for inducing DMI and chiral spin textures in simple 2D magnets via curvature.Comment: Published on Physical Review B 106, 05442

CAR-NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: what to do next?

Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in the central nervous system. Conventional surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy has a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of patients is less than 10%. In tumor immunotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells has achieved great success in hematological tumors. However, the application of CAR-T cells in solid tumors such as glioblastoma still faces many challenges. CAR-NK cells are another potential adoptive cell therapy strategy after CAR-T cells. Compared with CAR-T cell therapy, CAR-NK cells have similar anti-tumor effects. CAR-NK cells can also avoid some deficiencies in CAR-T cell therapy, a research hotspot in tumor immunity. This article summarizes the preclinical research status of CAR-NK cells in glioblastoma and the problems and challenges faced by CAR-NK in glioblastoma

Peptide-based NTA(Ni)-nanodiscs for studying membrane enhanced FGFR1 kinase activities

Tyrosine autophosphorylation plays a crucial regulatory role in the kinase activities of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), and in the recruitment and activation of downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Biophysical and biochemical investigations of FGFR kinase domains in membrane environments offer key insights into phosphorylation mechanisms. Hence, we constructed nickel chelating nanodiscs based on a 22-residue peptide. The spontaneous anchoring of N-terminal His6-tagged FGFR1c kinase domain (FGFR1K) onto peptide nanodiscs grants FGFR1K orientations occurring on native plasma membranes. Following membrane incorporation, the autophosphorylation of FGFR1K, as exemplified by Y653 and Y654 in the A-loop and the total tyrosine phosphorylation, increase significantly. This in vitro reconstitution system may be applicable to studies of other membrane associated phenomena

A Collaborative Framework for Privacy Protection in Online Social Networks

With the wide use of online social networks (OSNs), the problem of data privacy has attracted much attention. Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue. One of privacy management approaches for OSN leverages a key management technique to enable a user to simply post encrypted contents so that only users who can satisfy the associate security policy can derive the key to access the data. However, the key management policies of existing schemes may grant access to unaurhorized users and cannot efficiently determine authorized users. In this paper, we propose a collaborative framework which enforces access control for OSN through an innovative key management focused on communities. This framework introduces a community key management based on a new group-oriented convergence cryptosystem, as well as provides an efficient privacy preservation needed in a private OSN. To prove the feasibility of our approach, we also discuss a proof-of-concept implementation of our framework. Experimental results show that our construction can achieve the identified design goals for OSNs with the acceptable performance

Large and tunable magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor junctions

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with conventional bulk ferromagnets separated by a nonmagnetic insulating layer are key building blocks in spintronics for magnetic sensors and memory. A radically different approach of using atomically-thin van der Waals (vdW) materials in MTJs is expected to boost their figure of merit, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR), while relaxing the lattice-matching requirements from the epitaxial growth and supporting high-quality integration of dissimilar materials with atomically-sharp interfaces. We report TMR up to 192% at 10 K in all-vdW Fe3GeTe2/GaSe/Fe3GeTe2 MTJs. Remarkably, instead of the usual insulating spacer, this large TMR is realized with a vdW semiconductor GaSe. Integration of two-dimensional ferromagnets in semiconductor-based vdW junctions offers gate-tunability, bias dependence, magnetic proximity effects, and spin-dependent optical-selection rules. We demonstrate that not just the magnitude, but also the TMR sign is tuned by the applied bias or the semiconductor thickness, enabling modulation of highly spin-polarized carriers in vdW semiconductors

Association of serum lipids with inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundSerum lipid levels seem to be abnormal in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the specific manifestation of abnormal serum lipid levels in IBD are heterogeneous among studies and have not been sufficiently determined yet.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Serum lipid levels were compared between IBD patients and Health individuals, Crohn’s (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), active and inactive, mild and non-mild patients, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed by using a random-effect model. Weight mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsOverall, 53 studies were included. Compared with healthy controls, IBD patients had significantly lower TC (WMD = −0.506, 95%CI = −0.674 to −0.338, p < 0.001), HDL-c (WMD = −0.122, 95%CI = −0.205 to −0.039, p = 0.004), and LDL-c (WMD = −0.371, 95%CI = −0.547 to −0.194, p < 0.001) levels. CD groups had a significantly lower TC (WMD = −0.349, 95%CI = −0.528 to −0.170, p < 0.0001) level as compared to UC groups. Active IBD and non-mild UC groups had significantly lower TC (WMD = −0.454, 95%CI = −0.722 to −0.187, p = 0.001) (WMD =0.462, 95%CI = 0.176 to 0.748, p = 0.002) and LDL-c (WMD = −0.225, 95%CI = −0.445 to −0.005, p = 0.045) (WMD =0.346, 95%CI = 0.084–0.609, p = 0.010) levels as compared to inactive IBD and mild UC groups, respectively.ConclusionThe overall level of serum lipids in IBD patients is lower than that of healthy individuals and is negatively associated with disease severity.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022383885