Biological and aerodynamic problems with the flight of animals

Biological and aerodynamic considerations related to birds and insects are discussed. A wide field is open for comparative biological, physiological, and aerodynamic investigations. Considerable mathematics related to the flight of animals is presented, including 20 equations. The 15 figures included depict the design of bird and insect wings, diagrams of propulsion efficiency, thrust, lift, and angles of attack and photographs of flapping wing free flying wing only models which were built and flown

A consistent spatial differencing scheme for the transonic full-potential equation in three dimensions

A full-potential steady transonic wing flow solver has been modified so that freestream density and residual are captured in regions of constant velocity. This numerically precise freestream consistency is obtained by slightly altering the differencing scheme without affecting the implicit solution algorithm. The changes chiefly affect the fifteen metrics per grid point, which are computed once and stored. With this new method, the outer boundary condition is captured accurately, and the smoothness of the solution is especially improved near regions of grid discontinuity

The Political Independence of the Working Class: Antonio Gramsci’s Pedagogical Leitmotif

This paper argues that the leitmotif of Gramsci’s theory and practice was the political independence of the working class. The centrality of pedagogy in this leitmotif is captured by Gramsci’s concept of catharsis

Towards a political economy of adult education and globalization: Theoretical insights for confronting wicked problems in global times

Our global times are defined and profoundly shaped by globalization. As adult educators, we need theory to help explain the nature of and paths forward from the devastating social, political, and cultural impacts of globalization. Moreover, when we consider the field beyond academia and include social movement-based adult educators, it is important to understand that not only do we need theory, but some of the best theory we need is developed by social movement-based adult educators. This cross-disciplinary theoretical inquiry presents a political economic framework for understanding adult education and globalization that draws on academic and social movement-based theory

The Politics and Economics of Globalization and Social Change in Radical Adult Education: A Critical Review of Recent Literature

This review analyzes perspectives on globalization within radical adult education focusing on how perspectives of the globalization process affect people’s understanding of the nature and agents of social change. It argues that new movements move us beyond the limits in current globalization perspectives

Recent applications of the transonic wing analysis computer code, TWING

An evaluation of the transonic-wing-analysis computer code TWING is given. TWING utilizes a fully implicit approximate factorization iteration scheme to solve the full potential equation in conservative form. A numerical elliptic-solver grid-generation scheme is used to generate the required finite-difference mesh. Several wing configurations were analyzed, and the limits of applicability of this code was evaluated. Comparisons of computed results were made with available experimental data. Results indicate that the code is robust, accurate (when significant viscous effects are not present), and efficient. TWING generally produces solutions an order of magnitude faster than other conservative full potential codes using successive-line overrelaxation. The present method is applicable to a wide range of isolated wing configurations including high-aspect-ratio transport wings and low-aspect-ratio, high-sweep, fighter configurations

Program Planning Principles, Goals, and Evaluation Criteria in the Radical Adult Education Tradition

The purpose of this paper is to present what we consider to be essential principles, goals, and evaluation criteria, for program planning in the radical adult education tradition. The paper is based on historical and philosophical inquiry into the pedagogical practices of numerous social movements and social movement organizations

Black Holes and Wormholes in 2+1 Dimensions

A large variety of spacetimes---including the BTZ black holes---can be obtained by identifying points in 2+1 dimensional anti-de Sitter space by means of a discrete group of isometries. We consider all such spacetimes that can be obtained under a restriction to time symmetric initial data and one asymptotic region only. The resulting spacetimes are non-eternal black holes with collapsing wormhole topologies. Our approach is geometrical, and we discuss in detail: The allowed topologies, the shape of the event horizons, topological censorship and trapped curves.Comment: 23 pages, LaTeX, 11 figure

Deriving a theory of learning from social movement practices. A systematic literature review

The field of Adult Education is rich with general theories of learning but limited in terms of theories that inform social movement learning (SML). Today, there are several conceptualizations of SML, but little learning theory development based directly on empirical studies of SML. This article aims to present findings from a systematic literature review of empirical studies on social movement learning (SML). We collected and identified 69 empirical studies focusing on adult learning and education within social movements for this literature review. We purposely focused on empirical research studies and did not include works that conceptualise or theorise social movement learning outside of actual empirical studies of SML. From our review of empirical studies, we have identified five elements we believe could serve as the foundation of a theory of learning and education in social movements. (DIPF/Orig.