Usefulness of the CRT-SCORE for Shared Decision Making in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction of <= 35%

Cardiolog

Comportamento e bem-estar de peixe beta (Betta splendens) em aquário.

O trabalho será realizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo/Campus Alegre, no laboratório de Nutrição e Produção de Espécies Ornamentais, localizado no município de Alegre, região Sul do estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Serão utilizados 70 exemplares machos de peixe Beta (Betta splendens) com idade entre 90 e 120 dias. Dos quais 15 exemplares de peixe Beta, machos adultos, com aproximadamente 90 dias serão manejados em aquário tipo cruzeta com quatro pontas de mesmo comprimento e distância do centro. Quatro testes serão realizados para analisar a preferência dos peixes quanto a tipo de (T1) substrato, de (T2) vegetações, de (T3) abrigos e de (T4) cores. Em cada teste será oferecido quatro tipos de preferências (P1, P2, P3 e P4) distribuídos aleatoriamente por sorteio. Serão analisados os comportamentos de frequência em cada preferência, duração em cada preferência e tempo de latência. No segundo trabalho serão utilizados 35 exemplares machos de peixe Beta com aproximadamente 90 dias distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tipos de alojamento (tratamentos); (T1) copos de 0,3 litros, (T2) beteiras 3 litros sem enriquecimento, (T3) beteiras 3 litros enriquecidas, (T4) aquários 38 litros sem enriquecimento e (T5) aquários 38 litros enriquecidos. Os comportamentos dos animais serão gravados durante todo o período experimental. Será realizado um total de dezesseis horas de observações para cada tratamento. Durante o mesmo período também será realizado observação focal durante cinco minutos intermitentes alternando entre os tratamentos no total de 150 minutos por período. Os comportamentos registrados serão organizados formando um etograma e comparados entre os diferentes tratamentos. No último trabalho serão utilizados os 35 exemplares machos de peixe Beta, advindos do experimento de enriquecimento, com aproximadamente 120 dias em aquário tipo labirinto. Localizado dentro do labirinto haverá quatro pontos; dois objetos estressores, espelho (E1) e predador (E2), e dois objetos recompensa ambiente enriquecido (R1) e alimento (R2). Comportamentos como lateralidade, latência, preferência, frequência e duração serão analisados durante 15 minutos na parta da manhã e 15 minutos na parte da tarde durante dois dias consecutivos. Então os animais terão cinco dias de descanso e retornarão ao labirinto para mais 15 minutos de observações comportamentais na parta da manhã e 15 minutos na parte da tarde durante dois dias consecutivos

The Terminal Immunoglobulin-Like Repeats of LigA and LigB of Leptospira Enhance Their Binding to Gelatin Binding Domain of Fibronectin and Host Cells

Leptospira spp. are pathogenic spirochetes that cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis. Leptospiral immunoglobulin (Ig)-like protein B (LigB) contributes to the binding of Leptospira to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, elastin, tropoelastin and collagen. A high-affinity Fn-binding region of LigB has been localized to LigBCen2, which contains the partial 11th and full 12th Ig-like repeats (LigBCen2R) and 47 amino acids of the non-repeat region (LigBCen2NR) of LigB. In this study, the gelatin binding domain of fibronectin was shown to interact with LigBCen2R (KD = 1.91±0.40 µM). Not only LigBCen2R but also other Ig-like domains of Lig proteins including LigAVar7'-8, LigAVar10, LigAVar11, LigAVar12, LigAVar13, LigBCen7'-8, and LigBCen9 bind to GBD. Interestingly, a large gain in affinity was achieved through an avidity effect, with the terminal domains, 13th (LigA) or 12th (LigB) Ig-like repeat of Lig protein (LigAVar7'-13 and LigBCen7'-12) enhancing binding affinity approximately 51 and 28 fold, respectively, compared to recombinant proteins without this terminal repeat. In addition, the inhibited effect on MDCKs cells can also be promoted by Lig proteins with terminal domains, but these two domains are not required for gelatin binding domain binding and cell adhesion. Interestingly, Lig proteins with the terminal domains could form compact structures with a round shape mediated by multidomain interaction. This is the first report about the interaction of gelatin binding domain of Fn and Lig proteins and provides an example of Lig-gelatin binding domain binding mediating bacterial-host interaction

CLEC5A Regulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Induced Neuroinflammation and Lethality

CLEC5A/MDL-1, a member of the myeloid C-type lectin family expressed on macrophages and neutrophils, is critical for dengue virus (DV)-induced hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome in Stat1−/− mice and ConA-treated wild type mice. However, whether CLEC5A is involved in the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis has not yet been investigated. To investigate the role of CLEC5A to regulate JEV-induced neuroinflammation, antagonistic anti-CLEC5A mAb and CLEC5A-deficient mice were generated. We find that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) directly interacts with CLEC5A and induces DAP12 phosphorylation in macrophages. In addition, JEV activates macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are dramatically reduced in JEV-infected Clec5a−/− macrophages. Although blockade of CLEC5A cannot inhibit JEV infection of neurons and astrocytes, anti-CLEC5A mAb inhibits JEV-induced proinflammatory cytokine release from microglia and prevents bystander damage to neuronal cells. Moreover, JEV causes blood-brain barrier (BBB) disintegrity and lethality in STAT1-deficient (Stat1−/−) mice, whereas peripheral administration of anti-CLEC5A mAb reduces infiltration of virus-harboring leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS), restores BBB integrity, attenuates neuroinflammation, and protects mice from JEV-induced lethality. Moreover, all surviving mice develop protective humoral and cellular immunity against JEV infection. These observations demonstrate the critical role of CLEC5A in the pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis, and identify CLEC5A as a target for the development of new treatments to reduce virus-induced brain damage

Separation – integration – and now …? - An historical perspective on the relationship between German management accounting and financial accounting

German accounting has traditionally followed a dual ledger approach with strictly separated internal cost accounting, as the basis for management information, and external financial accounting focusing on creditor protection and based on the commercial law. However, the increased adoption of integrated accounting system implies a significant change in the relationship between financial and management accounting systems. We use Hegelian dialectic to trace the historical development of German accounting from separated systems towards antithetical propositions of full integration, and the emergence of partial integration as the synthesis of this transformation process. For this reason, our paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the relationship between financial and management accounting in Germany. On this basis, we elaborate how financial accounting in Germany has been shaped by its economic context and legislation, and how financial accounting – accompanied by institutional pressures – in turn influenced management accounting. We argue that the changing relationship between management and financial accounting in the German context illustrates how current accounting practice is shaped not only by its environment, but also by its historical path. Based on this reasoning, we discuss several avenues for future research

The topographic evolution of the Tibetan Region as revealed by palaeontology

The Tibetan Plateau was built through a succession of Gondwanan terranes colliding with Asia during the Mesozoic. These accretions produced a complex Paleogene topography of several predominantly east–west trending mountain ranges separated by deep valleys. Despite this piecemeal assembly and resultant complex relief, Tibet has traditionally been thought of as a coherent entity rising as one unit. This has led to the widely used phrase ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’, which is a false concept borne of simplistic modelling and confounds understanding the complex interactions between topography climate and biodiversity. Here, using the rich palaeontological record of the Tibetan region, we review what is known about the past topography of the Tibetan region using a combination of quantitative isotope and fossil palaeoaltimetric proxies, and present a new synthesis of the orography of Tibet throughout the Paleogene. We show why ‘the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau’ never occurred, and quantify a new pattern of topographic and landscape evolution that contributed to the development of today’s extraordinary Asian biodiversity

Cardiac resynchronisation therapy in populations underrepresented in randomised controlled trials

Cardiolog