62 research outputs found
A Multi-Site Survey Study of Patient Satisfaction with Teledermatology
- Publication venue
- 'The University of Kansas'
- Publication date
- 21/09/2022
- Field of study
Introduction. Telemedicine has been of heightened focus due to spikes in usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. Disparities in health care may affect patient satisfaction with this resource depending on factors such as patient race, age, or socioeconomic background. The purpose of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction with teledermatology to identify any differences in satisfaction based on race, age, and income during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
Methods. A 21-question, IRB-approved survey was administered to patients at two academic dermatology clinics in Kansas City. Patient satisfaction was measured using a five-point Likert scale.
Results. A total of 64 completed surveys were analyzed (17.8% response rate). Most of the participants were female (n = 48, 75%), age 45 to 60 (n = 17, 26.6%), and reported White for race (n = 55, 85.9%). Overall, 73.4% (n = 47) of patients reported being satisfied with their visit. However, only 38.7% (n = 24) of participants were likely to choose a video over an in-person visit. Reasons for low patient satisfaction included concerns regarding ability to perform an accurate physical exam with a video visit (n = 9, 14.1%), receiving inadequate care (n = 4, 6.3%), protected privacy (n = 3, 4.7%), and provider understanding the patient (n = 2, 3.1%).
Conclusions. Our findings were similar to prior studies stating no difference in patient satisfaction with regards to age, income, or race and patients reporting high satisfaction with teledermatology appointments despite a preference for in-person dermatology visits. Future studies with a larger diverse cohort of participants are needed to elucidate and address possible disparities associated with teledermatology use
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
- A. -G. Wu
- A. C. Ma
- A. K. Au
- Abdel-Aziz A. K.
- Abdelfatah S.
- Abdellatif M.
- Abdoli A.
- Abel S.
- Abeliovich H.
- Abildgaard M. H.
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- Acevedo-Arozena A.
- Adamopoulos I. E.
- Adeli K.
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- Aflaki E.
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- Akoumianaki T.
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- Al-Abd A. M.
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- Al-Gharaibeh A.
- Alaoui-Jamali M. A.
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- Zhu W. -G.
- Zhu Y.
- Zhu Y.
- Zhuang H.
- Zhuang X.
- Zientara-Rytter K.
- Zimmermann C. M.
- Ziviani E.
- Zoladek T.
- Zong W. -X.
- Zorov D. B.
- Zorzano A.
- Zou W.
- Zou Z.
- Zou Z.
- Zuryn S.
- Zwerschke W.
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.
- Author
- Abdel-Aziz AK
- Abdelfatah S
- Abdellatif M
- Abdoli A
- Abel S
- Abeliovich H
- Abildgaard MH
- Abudu YP
- Acevedo-Arozena A
- Adamopoulos IE
- Adeli K
- Adolph TE
- Adornetto A
- Aflaki E
- Agam G
- Agarwal A
- Aggarwal BB
- Agnello M
- Agostinis P
- Agrewala JN
- Agrotis A
- Aguilar PV
- Ahmad ST
- Ahmed ZM
- Ahumada-Castro U
- Aits S
- Aizawa S
- Akkoc Y
- Akoumianaki T
- Akpinar HA
- Al-Abd AM
- Al-Akra L
- Al-Gharaibeh A
- Alaoui-Jamali MA
- Alberti S
- Alcocer-Gómez E
- Alessandri C
- Ali M
- Alim Al-Bari MA
- Aliwaini S
- Alizadeh J
- Almacellas E
- Almasan A
- Alonso A
- Alonso GD
- Altan-Bonnet N
- Altieri DC
- Alves da Costa C
- Alves S
- Alzaharna MM
- Amadio M
- Amantini C
- Amaral C
- Ambrosio S
- Amer AO
- Ammanathan V
- An Z
- Andersen SU
- Andrabi SA
- Andrade-Silva M
- Andres AM
- Angelini S
- Ann D
- Anozie UC
- Ansari MY
- Antas P
- Antebi A
- Antón Z
- Anwar T
- Apetoh L
- Apostolova N
- Araki T
- Araki Y
- Arasaki K
- Araya J
- Araújo WL
- Arden C
- Arguelles S
- Arias E
- Arikkath J
- Arimoto H
- Ariosa AR
- Armstrong-James D
- Arnauné-Pelloquin L
- Aroca A
- Arroyo DS
- Arsov I
- Artero R
- Arévalo M-A
- Asaro DML
- Aschner M
- Ashrafizadeh M
- Ashur-Fabian O
- Atanasov AG
- Au AK
- Auberger P
- Auner HW
- Aurelian L
- Autelli R
- Avagliano L
- Aveic S
- Aveleira CA
- Avin-Wittenberg T
- Aydin Y
- Ayton S
- Ayyadevara S
- Azzopardi M
- Baba M
- Backer JM
- Backues SK
- Bae D-H
- Bae O-N
- Bae SH
- Baehrecke EH
- Baek A
- Baek S-H
- Baek SH
- Bagetta G
- Bagniewska-Zadworna A
- Bai H
- Bai J
- Bai X
- Bai Y
- Bairagi N
- Baksi S
- Balazadeh S
- Balbi T
- Baldari CT
- Balduini W
- Ballabio A
- Ballester M
- Balzan R
- Bandopadhyay R
- Banerjee S
- Banerjee S
- Bao Y
- Baptista MS
- Baracca A
- Barbati C
- Bargiela A
- Barilà D
- Barlow PG
- Barmada SJ
- Barreiro E
- Barreto GE
- Bartek J
- Bartel B
- Bartolome A
- Barve GR
- Basagoudanavar SH
- Bassham DC
- Bast RC
- Basu A
- Batoko H
- Batten I
- Baulieu EE
- Baumgarner BL
- Bayry J
- Beale R
- Beau I
- Beaumatin F
- Bechara LRG
- Beck GR
- Beers MF
- Begun J
- Behl C
- Behrends C
- Behrens GMN
- Bei R
- Bejarano E
- Bel S
- Belaid A
- Belgareh-Touzé N
- Bellarosa C
- Belleudi F
- Bello-Morales R
- Belló Pérez M
- Beltran JSDO
- Beltran S
- Benbrook DM
- Bendorius M
- Benitez BA
- Benito-Cuesta I
- Bensalem J
- Berchtold MW
- Berezowska S
- Bergamaschi D
- Bergami M
- Bergmann A
- Berliocchi L
- Berlioz-Torrent C
- Bernard A
- Berthoux L
- Besirli CG
- Besteiro S
- Betin VM
- Beyaert R
- Bezbradica JS
- Bhaskar K
- Bhatia-Kissova I
- Bhattacharya R
- Bhattacharya S
- Bhattacharyya S
- Bhuiyan MS
- Bhutia SK
- Bi L
- Bi X
- Biden TJ
- Bijian K
- Billes VA
- Binart N
- Bincoletto C
- Birgisdottir AB
- Bjorkoy G
- Blanco G
- Blas-Garcia A
- Blasiak J
- Blomgran R
- Blomgren K
- Blum JS
- Boada-Romero E
- Boban M
- Boesze-Battaglia K
- Boeuf P
- Boland B
- Bomont P
- Bonaldo P
- Bonam SR
- Bonfili L
- Bonifacino JS
- Boone BA
- Bootman MD
- Bordi M
- Borner C
- Bornhauser BC
- Borthakur G
- Bosch J
- Bose S
- Botana LM
- Botas J
- Boulanger CM
- Boulton ME
- Bourdenx M
- Bourgeois B
- Bourke NM
- Bousquet G
- Boya P
- Bozhkov PV
- Bozi LHM
- Bozkurt TO
- Brackney DE
- Brand-Saberi B
- Brandts CH
- Braun RJ
- Braus GH
- Bravo-Sagua R
- Bravo-San Pedro JM
- Brest P
- Bringer M-A
- Briones-Herrera A
- Broaddus VC
- Brodersen P
- Brodsky JL
- Brody SL
- Bronson PG
- Bronstein JM
- Brown CN
- Brown RE
- Brum PC
- Brumell JH
- Brunetti-Pierri N
- Bruno D
- Bryson-Richardson RJ
- Bucci C
- Buch S
- Buchan JR
- Buchrieser C
- Buckingham EM
- Budak H
- Budini M
- Bueno M
- Buitrago-Molina LE
- Bultynck G
- Burada F
- Buraschi S
- Burgoyne JR
- Burón MI
- Bustos V
- Butturini E
- Byrd A
- Bánréti Á
- Büttner S
- Cabas I
- Cabrera-Benitez S
- Cadwell K
- Cai J
- Cai L
- Cai Q
- Cairó M
- Calbet JA
- Caldwell GA
- Caldwell KA
- Call JA
- Calvani R
- Calvo AC
- Calvo-Rubio Barrera M
- Camara NO
- Camonis JH
- Camougrand N
- Campanella M
- Campbell EM
- Campbell-Valois F-X
- Campello S
- Campesi I
- Campos JC
- Camuzard O
- Cancino J
- Candido de Almeida D
- Canesi L
- Caniggia I
- Canonico B
- Cantí C
- Cao B
- Caraglia M
- Caramés B
- Carchman EH
- Cardenal-Muñoz E
- Cardenas C
- Cardenas L
- Cardoso SM
- Carew JS
- Carle GF
- Carleton G
- Carloni S
- Carmona-Gutierrez D
- Carneiro LA
- Carnevali O
- Carosi JM
- Carra S
- Carrier A
- Carrier L
- Carroll B
- Carter AB
- Carvalho AN
- Casanova M
- Casas C
- Casas J
- Cassioli C
- Castillo EF
- Castillo K
- Castillo-Lluva S
- Castoldi F
- Castori M
- Castro AF
- Castro-Caldas M
- Castro-Hernandez J
- Castro-Obregon S
- Catz SD
- Cavadas C
- Cavaliere F
- Cavallini G
- Cavinato M
- Cayuela ML
- Cebollada Rica P
- Cecarini V
- Cecconi F
- Cechowska-Pasko M
- Cenci S
- Ceperuelo-Mallafré V
- Cerqueira JJ
- Cerutti JM
- Cervia D
- Cetintas VB
- Cetrullo S
- Chae H-J
- Chagin AS
- Chai C-Y
- Chakrabarti G
- Chakrabarti O
- Chakraborty T
- Chakraborty T
- Chami M
- Chamilos G
- Chan DW
- Chan ED
- Chan EYW
- Chan H
- Chan HH
- Chan HYE
- Chan MTV
- Chan YS
- Chandra PK
- Chang C
- Chang C-P
- Chang H-C
- Chang K
- Chao J
- Chapman T
- Charlet-Berguerand N
- Chatterjee S
- Chaube SK
- Chaudhary A
- Chauhan S
- Chaum E
- Checler F
- Cheetham ME
- Chen C-S
- Chen G-C
- Chen J-F
- Chen L
- Chen L
- Chen LL
- Chen M
- Chen M-K
- Chen N
- Chen Q
- Chen R-H
- Chen S
- Chen W
- Chen W
- Chen X
- Chen X-M
- Chen X-W
- Chen Y
- Chen Y
- Chen Y
- Chen Y-G
- Chen Y-J
- Chen Y-Q
- Chen Z
- Chen Z
- Chen Z
- Chen Z-H
- Chen ZJ
- Chen ZS
- Cheng H
- Cheng J
- Cheng S-Y
- Cheng W
- Cheng X
- Cheng X-T
- Cheng Y
- Cheng Z
- Cheong H
- Cheong JK
- Chernyak BV
- Cherry S
- Cheung CFR
- Cheung CHA
- Cheung K-H
- Chevet E
- Chi RJ
- Chiang AKS
- Chiaradonna F
- Chiarelli R
- Chiariello M
- Chica N
- Chiocca S
- Chiong M
- Chiou S-H
- Chiramel AI
- Chiurchiù V
- Cho D-H
- Choe S-K
- Choi AMK
- Choi ME
- Choudhury KR
- Chow NS
- Chu CT
- Chua JJE
- Chua JP
- Chung H
- Chung KP
- Chung S
- Chung S-H
- Chung Y-L
- Cianfanelli V
- Ciechomska IA
- Cifuentes M
- Cinque L
- Cirak S
- Cirone M
- Clague MJ
- Clarke R
- Clementi E
- Coccia EM
- Codogno P
- Cohen E
- Cohen MM
- Colasanti T
- Colasuonno F
- Colbert RA
- Colell A
- Coll NS
- Collins MO
- Colombo MI
- Colón-Ramos DA
- Combaret L
- Comincini S
- Cominetti MR
- Consiglio A
- Conte A
- Conti F
- Contu VR
- Cookson MR
- Coombs KM
- Coppens I
- Corasaniti MT
- Cordes N
- Corkery DP
- Cortese K
- Costa MDC
- Costantino S
- Costelli P
- Coto-Montes A
- Crack PJ
- Crespo JL
- Criollo A
- Crippa V
- Cristofani R
- Csizmadia T
- Cuadrado A
- Cui B
- Cui J
- Cui Y
- Cui Y
- Culetto E
- Cumino AC
- Cybulsky AV
- Czaja MJ
- Czuczwar SJ
- D'Adamo S
- D'Amelio M
- D'Arcangelo D
- D'Lugos AC
- D'Orazi G
- da Silva JA
- Dafsari HS
- Dagda RK
- Dagdas Y
- Daglia M
- Dai X
- Dai Y
- Dai Y
- Dal Col J
- Dalhaimer P
- Dalla Valle L
- Dallenga T
- Dalmasso G
- Damme M
- Dando I
- Dantuma NP
- Darling AL
- Das H
- Dasarathy S
- Dasari SK
- Dash S
- Daumke O
- Dauphinee AN
- Davies JS
- Davis RJ
- Davis T
- Dayalan Naidu S
- De Amicis F
- De Bosscher K
- De Felice F
- De Franceschi L
- De Leonibus C
- de Mattos Barbosa MG
- De Meyer GRY
- De Milito A
- De Nunzio C
- De Palma C
- De Santi M
- De Virgilio C
- De Zio D
- Debnath J
- DeBosch BJ
- Decuypere J-P
- Deehan MA
- Deflorian G
- DeGregori J
- Dehay B
- Del Rio G
- Delaney JR
- Delbridge LMD
- Delorme-Axford E
- Delpino MV
- Demarchi F
- Dembitz V
- Demers ND
- Deng H
- Deng Z
- Dengjel J
- Dent P
- Denton D
- DePamphilis ML
- Der CJ
- Deretic V
- Descoteaux A
- Devis L
- Devkota S
- Devuyst O
- Dewson G
- Dharmasivam M
- Dhiman R
- di Bernardo D
- Di Cristina M
- Di Domenico F
- Di Fazio P
- Di Fonzo A
- Di Guardo G
- Di Guglielmo GM
- Di Leo L
- Di Malta C
- Di Nardo A
- Di Rienzo M
- Di Sano F
- Diallinas G
- Diao J
- Diaz-Araya G
- Dickinson JM
- Diederich M
- Dieudé M
- Dikic I
- Ding S
- Ding W-X
- Dini L
- Dinic M
- Dinić J
- Dinkova-Kostova AT
- Dionne MS
- Distler JHW
- Diwan A
- Dixon IMC
- Djavaheri-Mergny M
- Dobrinski I
- Dobrovinskaya O
- Dobrowolski R
- Dobson RCJ
- Dokmeci Emre S
- Donadelli M
- Dong B
- Dong X
- Dong XC
- Dong Z
- Dorn Ii GW
- Dotsch V
- Dou H
- Dou J
- Dowaidar M
- Dridi S
- Drucker L
- du Toit A
- Du A
- Du C
- Du G
- Du H-N
- Du L-L
- Duan S-B
- Duan X
- Duarte SP
- Dubrovska A
- Dunlop EA
- Dupont N
- Durán RV
- Dwarakanath BS
- Dyshlovoy SA
- Dávila VA
- Díaz-Laviada I
- Ebrahimi-Fakhari D
- Eckhart L
- Edelstein CL
- Efferth T
- Eftekharpour E
- Eichinger L
- Eid N
- Eisenberg T
- Eissa NT
- Eissa S
- Ejarque M
- El Andaloussi A
- El-Hage N
- El-Naggar S
- El-Shafey ES
- Eleuteri AM
- Elgendy M
- Eliopoulos AG
- Elizalde MM
- Elks PM
- Elsasser H-P
- Elsherbiny ES
- Emerling BM
- Emre NCT
- Eng CH
- Engedal N
- Engelbrecht A-M
- Engelsen AST
- Enserink JM
- Escalante R
- Esclatine A
- Escobar-Henriques M
- Eskelinen E-L
- Espert L
- Eusebio M-O
- Fabrias G
- Fabrizi C
- Facchiano A
- Facchiano F
- Fadeel B
- Fader C
- Faesen AC
- Fairlie WD
- Falcó A
- Falkenburger BH
- Fan D
- Fan J
- Fan Y
- Fang EF
- Fang Y
- Fang Y
- Fanto M
- Farfel-Becker T
- Faure M
- Fazeli G
- Fedele AO
- Feldman AM
- Feng D
- Feng J
- Feng L
- Feng W
- Feng Y
- Feng Y
- Fenz Araujo T
- Ferguson TA
- Fernandez-Checa JC
- Fernie AR
- Fernández ÁF
- Fernández-Veledo S
- Ferrante AW
- Ferraresi A
- Ferrari MF
- Ferreira JCB
- Ferro-Novick S
- Figueras A
- Filadi R
- Filigheddu N
- Filippi-Chiela E
- Filomeni G
- Fimia GM
- Fineschi V
- Finetti F
- Finkbeiner S
- Fisher EA
- Fisher PB
- Flamigni F
- Fliesler SJ
- Flo TH
- Florance I
- Florey O
- Florio T
- Fodor E
- Follo C
- Fon EA
- Forlino A
- Fornai F
- Fortini P
- Fracassi A
- Fraldi A
- Franco B
- Franco R
- Franconi F
- Frankel LB
- Friedman SL
- Fröhlich LF
- Frühbeck G
- Fuentes JM
- Fujiki Y
- Fujita N
- Fujiwara Y
- Fukuda M
- Fulda S
- Furic L
- Furuya N
- Fusco C
- Gack MU
- Gaffke L
- Galadari S
- Galasso A
- Galindo MF
- Gallolu Kankanamalage S
- Galluzzi L
- Galy V
- Gammoh N
- Gan B
- Ganley IG
- Gao F
- Gao H
- Gao M
- Gao P
- Gao S-J
- Gao W
- Gao X
- Garcera A
- Garcia MN
- Garcia VE
- Garcia-Escudero V
- Garcia-Garcia A
- Garcia-Macia M
- Garcia-Ruiz C
- García-Del Portillo F
- García-Moreno D
- García-Sanz P
- Garg AD
- Gargini R
- Garofalo T
- Garry RF
- Gassen NC
- Gatica D
- Ge L
- Ge W
- Geiss-Friedlander R
- Gelfi C
- Genschik P
- Gentle IE
- Gerbino V
- Gerhardt C
- Germain K
- Germain M
- Gewirtz DA
- Ghasemipour Afshar E
- Ghavami S
- Ghigo A
- Ghosh M
- Giamas G
- Giampietri C
- Giatromanolaki A
- Gibson GE
- Gibson SB
- Ginet V
- Giniger E
- Giorgi C
- Girao H
- Girardin SE
- Giridharan M
- Giuliano S
- Giulivi C
- Giuriato S
- Giustiniani J
- Gluschko A
- Goder V
- Goginashvili A
- Golab J
- Goldstone DC
- Golebiewska A
- Gomes LR
- Gomez R
- Gomez-Puerto MC
- Gomez-Sintes R
- Gong Q
- Goni FM
- Gonzalez-Hernandez T
- Gonzalez-Polo RA
- Gonzalez-Reyes JA
- González-Gallego J
- González-Rodríguez P
- Goping IS
- Gorbatyuk MS
- Gorbunov NV
- Gorojod RM
- Gorski SM
- Goruppi S
- Gotor C
- Gottlieb RA
- Gozes I
- Gozuacik D
- Graef M
- Granatiero V
- Grasso D
- Gray JP
- Green DR
- Greenhough A
- Gregory SL
- Griffin EF
- Grinstaff MW
- Gros F
- Grose C
- Gross AS
- Gruber F
- Grumati P
- Grune T
- Gräler MH
- Gu X
- Guan J-L
- Guardia CM
- Guda K
- Guerra F
- Guerri C
- Guha P
- Guillén C
- Gujar S
- Gukovskaya A
- Gukovsky I
- Gunst J
- Guntur AR
- Guo C
- Guo C
- Guo H
- Guo L-W
- Guo M
- Gupta P
- Gupta S
- Gupta SK
- Gupta V
- Gupta VB
- Gustafsson AB
- Gutterman DD
- Gómez-Sánchez R
- Görgülü K
- Günther A
- H B R
- Haapasalo A
- Haber JE
- Hadano S
- Hafrén AJ
- Haidar M
- Hall BS
- Halldén G
- Hamacher-Brady A
- Hamann A
- Hamasaki M
- Han W
- Hansen M
- Hanson PI
- Hao Z
- Harada M
- Harhaji-Trajkovic L
- Hariharan N
- Haroon N
- Harris J
- Hasegawa T
- Hasima Nagoor N
- Haspel JA
- Haucke V
- Hawkins WD
- Hay BA
- Haynes CM
- Hayrabedyan SB
- Hays TS
- Hać A
- He C
- He Q
- He R-R
- He Y-W
- He Y-Y
- Heakal Y
- Heberle AM
- Hejtmancik JF
- Helgason GV
- Henkel V
- Herb M
- Hergovich A
- Herman-Antosiewicz A
- Hernandez C
- Hernandez-Diaz S
- Hernandez-Gea V
- Hernández A
- Herpin A
- Herreros J
- Hervás JH
- Hesselson D
- Hetz C
- Heussler VT
- Higuchi Y
- Hilfiker S
- Hill JA
- Hlavacek WS
- Ho EA
- Ho IHT
- Ho PW-L
- Ho S-L
- Ho WY
- Hobbs GA
- Hochstrasser M
- Hoet PHM
- Hofius D
- Hofman P
- Holmberg CI
- Hombrebueno JR
- Hooper LV
- Hoppe T
- Horos R
- Hoshida Y
- Hsin I-L
- Hsu H-Y
- Hu B
- Hu D
- Hu L-F
- Hu MC
- Hu R
- Hu W
- Hu Y-C
- Hu Z-W
- Hua F
- Hua J
- Hua Y
- Huan C
- Huang C
- Huang C
- Huang C
- Huang C
- Huang H
- Huang K
- Huang MLH
- Huang R
- Huang S
- Huang T
- Huang X
- Huang YJ
- Huber TB
- Hubert V
- Hubner CA
- Hughes SM
- Hughes WE
- Humbert M
- Hummer G
- Hurley JH
- Hussain S
- Hussain S
- Hussey PJ
- Hutabarat M
- Hwang H-Y
- Hwang S
- Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Höhn A
- Ieni A
- Ikeda F
- Imagawa Y
- Imai Y
- Imbriano C
- Imoto M
- Inman DM
- Inoki K
- Iovanna J
- Iozzo RV
- Ippolito G
- Irazoqui JE
- Iribarren P
- Ishaq M
- Ishikawa M
- Ishimwe N
- Isidoro C
- Ismail N
- Issazadeh-Navikas S
- Itakura E
- Ito D
- Ivankovic D
- Ivanova S
- Iyer AKV
- Izquierdo JM
- Izumi M
- Jabir MS
- Jackson WT
- Jacobo-Herrera N
- Jacomin A-C
- Jacquin E
- Jadiya P
- Jaeschke H
- Jagannath C
- Jakobi AJ
- Jakobsson J
- Janji B
- Jansen-Dürr P
- Jansson PJ
- Jantsch J
- Januszewski S
- Jassey A
- Jean S
- Jeltsch-David H
- Jendelova P
- Jenny A
- Jensen TE
- Jessen N
- Jewell JL
- Ji J
- Jia L
- Jia R
- Jiang L
- Jiang Q
- Jiang R
- Jiang T
- Jiang X
- Jiang Y
- Jimenez-Sanchez M
- Jin E-J
- Jin F
- Jin H
- Jin L
- Jin L
- Jin M
- Jin S
- Jo E-K
- Joffre C
- Johansen T
- Johnson GVW
- Johnston SA
- Jokitalo E
- Jolly MK
- Joosten LAB
- Jordan J
- Joseph B
- Ju D
- Ju J
- Ju J-S
- Judith D
- Juhász G
- Jun Y
- Jung CH
- Jung S-C
- Jung YK
- Jungbluth H
- Jungverdorben J
- Just S
- Juárez E
- Jäättelä M
- Kaarniranta K
- Kaasik A
- Kabuta T
- Kaganovich D
- Kahana A
- Kain R
- Kajimura S
- Kalamvoki M
- Kalia M
- Kalinowski DS
- Kaludercic N
- Kalvari I
- Kaminska J
- Kaminskyy VO
- Kanamori H
- Kanasaki K
- Kang C
- Kang R
- Kang SS
- Kaniyappan S
- Kanki T
- Kanneganti T-D
- Kanthasamy A
- Kanthasamy AG
- Kantorow M
- Kapuy O
- Karamouzis MV
- Karim MR
- Karmakar P
- Katare RG
- Kato M
- Kaufmann SHE
- Kauppinen A
- Kaushal GP
- Kaushik S
- Kawasaki K
- Kazan K
- Ke P-Y
- Keating DJ
- Keber U
- Kehrl JH
- Keller CW
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- Zhu B
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- Zhuang H
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- Zientara-Rytter K
- Zimmermann CM
- Ziviani E
- Zoladek T
- Zong W-X
- Zorov DB
- Zorzano A
- Zou W
- Zou Z
- Zou Z
- Zuryn S
- Zwerschke W
- Álvarez ÉMC
- Ávalos Y
- Önal G
- Üstün S
- Čolić M
- Đokić J
- Žerovnik E
- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdrakhmanova Shynar
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Mohamad Hasnan
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Aitmurzaeva Gulmira
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Hazzaa Hazzaa M
- Al-Othman Amani Rashed
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Alvarez-Pedrerol Mar
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amiri Parisa
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Angquist Lars
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F
- Aung May Soe
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Baharudin Azli
- Bahijri Suhad
- Baker Jennifer L
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batista Rosangela L
- Battakova Zhamilya
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Bel-Serrat Silvia
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benedics Judith
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
- Bennett James E
- Bentham James
- Bergh Ingunn Holden
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bharadwaj Sumit
- Bhargava Santosh K
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bi Hongsheng
- Bi Yufang
- Bia Daniel
- Bikbov Mukharram M
- Bista Bihungum
- Bixby Honor
- Bjelica Dusko J
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Black Robert
- Bloch Katia V
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boddy Lynne M
- Boehm Bernhard O
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G
- Bogova Elena
- Boissonnet Carlos P
- Bojesen Stig E
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonaccio Marialaura
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Braeckevelt Lien
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Bragt Marjolijn CE
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Braunerova Radka Taxova
- Breckenkamp Juergen
- Breda Joao
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M
- Brian Garry R
- Brinduse Lacramioara
- Brophy Sinead
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Buoncristiano Marta
- Burazeri Genc
- Burns Con
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cai Hui
- Cama Tilema
- Cameron Christine
- Camolas Jose
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C
- Canete Felicia
- Capanzana Mario V
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardol Marloes
- Cardoso Viviane C
- Carlsson Axel C
- Carmuega Esteban
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M
- Carvalho Joana
- Casajus Jose A
- Casanueva Felipe F
- Celikcan Ertugrul
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Cesar Juraci A
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chikova-Iscener Ekaterina
- Chinh Nguyen Huu
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cilia Michelle
- Cinteza Eliza
- Cisneros Julio Zuniga
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Confortin Susana C
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C
- Corpeleijn Eva
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L
- Crampin Amelia C
- Crujeiras Ana B
- Csilla Semanova
- Cucu Alexandra M
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- da Silva Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro
- Dacica Liliana
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damsgaard Camilla T
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M
- Dasgupta Parasmani
- Dastgiri Saeed
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Leon Antonio Cabrera
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Ridder Karin
- de Rooij Susanne R
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Souza Rildo
- de Wit Tobias F Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D
- DeGennaro Vincent
- Dehghan Abbas
- Delisle Helene
- Delpeuch Francis
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deren Katarzyna
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhana Klodian
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F
- Di Cesare Mariachiara
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Diaz-Sanchez Maria Elena
- Dika Zivka
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Djordjic Visnja
- Do Ha TP
- Dobson Annette J
- Donati Maria Benedetta
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P
- Doring Angela
- Dorobantu Maria
- Dorosty Ahmad Reza
- Doua Kouamelan
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duan Jia Li
- Duante Charmaine A
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B
- Duleva Vesselka
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dumith Samuel C
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Egbagbe Eruke E
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elliott Paul
- Engle-Stone Reina
- Enguerran Macia
- Erasmus Rajiv T
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G
- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A
- Fall Caroline H
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J
- Ferguson Trevor S
- Fernandes Romulo A
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fijalkowska Anna
- Fink Gunther
- Fischer Krista
- Foger Bernhard
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M
- Francis Damian K
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Franco Oscar H
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D
- Fuchs Sandra C
- Fujiati Isti I
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Gafencu Mihai
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galeone Daniela
- Galfo Myriam
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Garba Jamila Abubakar
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Garcia-Solano Marta
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gaya Adroaldo Cesar Araujo
- Gaya Anelise Reis
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geiger Harald
- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Ghaffar Suhaila Abdul
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gianfagna Francesco
- Gill Tiffany K
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Godos Justyna
- Gogen Sibel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A
- Goltzman David
- Gomez Santiago F
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Goncalves Helen
- Gonzalez Angel R
- Gonzalez-Chica David A
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- Gonzalez-Leon Margot
- Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graca Antonio Pedro
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dusan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G
- Gregg Edward W
- Gregor Ronald D
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Groholt Else Karin
- Grontved Anders
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Gu Dongfeng
- Gualdi-Russo Emanuela
- Guallar-Castillon Pilar
- Gualtieri Andrea
- Gudmundsson Elias F
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L
- Gulliford Martin C
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J
- Guo Xiu-Hua
- Guo Yin
- Gupta Prakash C
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gurzkowska Beata
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutierrez-Gonzalez Enrique
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Hadjigeorgiou Charalambos A
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjaer Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu AM
- Hantunen Sari
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hassapidou Maria
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J
- He Jiang
- He Yuan
- He Yuna
- Heidinger-Felso Regina
- Heinen Mirjam
- Hejgaard Tatjana
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henrique Rafael dos Santos
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Herrera Victor M
- Herter-Aeberli Isabelle
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C
- Hoang Van Minh
- Hobbs Michael
- Hofman Albert
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Homs Clara
- Hopman Wilma M
- Horimoto Andrea RVR
- Hormiga Claudia M
- Horta Bernardo L
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Husseini Abdullatif
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Hyska Jolanda
- Iacoviello Licia
- Ibarluzea Jesus M
- Ibrahim Mohsen M
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M Arfan
- Ioannidou Eliza Markidou
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E
- Ishida Takafumi
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria LC
- Iwasaki Masanori
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- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mahmudur
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
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- Rakhmatulloev Sherali
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramke Jacqueline
- Ramos Elisabete
- Ramos Rafel
- Rampal Lekhraj
- Rampal Sanjay
- Rao Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
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- Regecova Valeria
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- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
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- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Rusakova Iuliia A
- Russo Paola
- Rust Petra
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- Saavedra Maria Angeles Dal Re
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sacchini Elena
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salmeron Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Samoutian Margarita
- Sanchez-Abanto Jose
- Sandjaja
- Sans Susana
- Sant'Angelo Victoria Farrugia
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- Santos Maria Paula
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- Saramies Jouko L
- Sardinha Luis B
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
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- Schargrodsky Herman
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- Schindler Karin
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- Schramm Sara
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- Shayanrad Amaneh
- Shayesteh Ali Akbar
- Shengelia Lela
- Shi Zumin
- Shibuya Kenji
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- Shin Dong Wook
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- Silva Antonio M
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Simina Iulia Jurca
- Simon Mary
- Simons Judith
- Simons Leon A
- Sjoberg Agneta
- Sjostrom Michael
- Skodje Gry
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
- Soares Fernanda Cunha
- Sobek Grzegorz
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Sodemann Morten
- Soderberg Stefan
- Soekatri Moesijanti YE
- Soemantri Agustinus
- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
- Somi Mohammad Hossein
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- Sorensen Thorkild IA
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- Sorgjerd Elin P
- Soric Maroje
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- Soto-Rojas Victoria E
- Soumare Aicha
- Sovic Slavica
- Sparboe-Nilsen Bente
- Sparrenberger Karen
- Spinelli Angela
- Spiroski Igor
- Staessen Jan A
- Stamm Hanspeter
- Starc Gregor
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- Staub Kaspar
- Stavreski Bill
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- Stein Aryeh D
- Stergiou George S
- Stessman Jochanan
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- Stevens Gretchen A
- Stieber Jutta
- Stockl Doris
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- Stokwiszewski Jakub
- Stoyanova Ekaterina
- Stratton Gareth
- Stronks Karien
- Strufaldi Maria Wany
- Sturua Lela
- Suarez-Medina Ramon
- Suka Machi
- Sun Chien-An
- Sundstrom Johan
- Sung Yn-Tz
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- Suriyawongpaisal Paibul
- Swinburn Boyd A
- Sy Rody G
- Syddall Holly E
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- Tai E Shyong
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- Tang Xun
- Tanser Frank
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- Tello Tania
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- Thein Thein Htay
- Theobald Holger
- Theodoridis Xenophon
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- Ticha Lubica
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- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsigga Maria
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuliakova Azaliia M
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- Tullu Fikru
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- Tynelius Per
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- Ueda Peter
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- Ukoli Flora AM
- Ulmer Hanno
- Unal Belgin
- Usupova Zhamyila
- Uusitalo Hannu MT
- Uysal Nalan
- Vaitkeviciute Justina
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Vale Susana
- Valvi Damaskini
- van Dam Rob M
- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T
- Van Herck Koen
- van Valkengoed Irene GM
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
- Varona-Perez Patricia
- Vasan Senthil K
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Velika Biruta
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren WM Monique
- Victora Cesar G
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- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
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- Viswanathan Bharathi
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- Vrijkotte Tanja GM
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N
- Wagner Aline
- Waldhor Thomas
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis OA
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Weber Adelheid
- Wedderkopp Niels
- Weerasekera Deepa
- Weghuber Daniel
- Wei Wenbin
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- Whincup Peter H
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S
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- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Julianne
- Wilsgaard Tom
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- Wong Andrew
- Wong Jyh Eiin
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C
- Wu Jianfeng
- Wu Li Juan
- Wu Shouling
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yamborisut Uruwan
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yardim Nazan
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You Qi Sheng
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusof Safiah Md
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zaccagni Luciana
- Zafiropulos Vassilis
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zamrazilova Hana
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zargar Abdul Hamid
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhao Wenhua
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Wei
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Dan
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zuziak Monika
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
- Author
- . Haifeng
- . Magner
- . Yin
- Abbott Scott
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- Ishizaki Hinako
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- Iwakawa Shinobu
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- Jahn Niels
- Jaklevic Joseph
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- Jia Jia
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- Kong Yi
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- Kosiura Anna
- Kou Zhaohui
- Kovar Christie L.
- Krawczyk Marie-Claude
- Kremitzki Colin
- Kremmidiotis Gabriel
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- Lambart Christine
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- Landers Tom
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- Lowry Stephen
- Lozado Ryan J.
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- Madabhushi Ramki
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- Tatsuyama Miho
- Tatum Owatha I.
- Taudien Stefan
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- Taylor Kate
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- Telford Ethan Brett
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- Tesmer Judith G.
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- Tian Chaoguang
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- Tin-Wollam Aye M.
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- Vastrik Imre
- Vaudin Mark
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- Wagner Mark
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- Walker Davian L.
- Walker Keya
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- Wright Rita A.
- Wu Chungen
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- Yakub Syed
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- Zhang Guohua
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- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
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- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
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- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
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- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmadizar Fariba
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Andre Moura-dos-Santos Marcos
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansong Daniel
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Bahijri Suhad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banadinovic Maja
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bennett James E.
- Benson Lowell S.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
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- Bia Daniel
- Biasch Katia
- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boeing Heiner
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- Boissonnet Carlos P.
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- Bongard Vanina
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- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
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- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
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- Brito Miguel
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno Gloria
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas
- Bugge Anna
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- Cabrera de Leon Antonio
- Cacciottolo Joseph
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- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chien Kuo-Liong
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G.
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- Csilla Semanova
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- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cuschieri Sarah
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damasceno Albertino
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M.
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- De Curtis Amalia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Moura Silva Caroline Ramos
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Wit Tobias F. Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D.
- DeGennaro Vincent Jr
- Dekkaki Imane Cherkaoui
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez Maria
- Delisle Helene
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F.
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Dickerson Ty T.
- Dika Zivka
- Dinc Gonul Horasan
- Djalalinia Shirin
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- Dobson Annette J.
- Doering Angela
- Doerr Marcus
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- Duante Charmaine A.
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- Duda Rosemary B.
- Dulskiene Virginija
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- Dzakula Aleksandar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elisa Zapata Maria
- Elliott Paul
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- Elosua Roberto
- Erasmus Rajiv T.
- Erbel Raimund
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- Eriksen Louise
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- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A.
- Fall Caroline H.
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix Stephan B.
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J.
- Ferguson Trevor S.
- Fernandes Romulo A.
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
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- Ferreccio Catterina
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- Ferrer Eldridge
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- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fink Gunther
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- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
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- Francis Damian K.
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D.
- Fuchs Sandra C.
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furdela Viktoriya
- Furer Ariel
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Gao Pei
- Garcia Pablo
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
- Gareta Dickman
- Garnett Sarah P.
- Gaspoz Jean-Michel
- Gasull Magda
- Gazzinelli Andrea
- Gehring Ulrike
- Geleijnse Johanna M.
- George Ronnie
- Ghanbari Ali
- Ghasemi Erfan
- Gheorghe-Fronea Oana-Florentina
- Ghimire Anup
- Gialluisi Alessandro
- Giampaoli Simona
- Gieger Christian
- Gill Tiffany K.
- Giovannelli Jonathan
- Gironella Glen
- Giwercman Aleksander
- Gkiouras Konstantinos
- Glavic Mihalea Marinovic
- Goldberg Marcel
- Goldsmith Rebecca A.
- Gomes Barros Mauro Virgilio
- Gomez Luis F.
- Gomula Aleksandra
- Goncalves Helen
- Goncalves Mauer
- Gonzalez Angel R.
- Gonzalez-Chica David A.
- Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
- Gonzalez-Rivas Juan P.
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Clicerio
- Gonzalez-Villalpando Maria-Elena
- Gottrand Frederic
- Graff-Iversen Sidsel
- Grafnetter Dusan
- Grajda Aneta
- Grammatikopoulou Maria G.
- Gregg Edward W.
- Gregor Ronald D.
- Grodzicki Tomasz
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gruden Gabriella
- Gu Dongfeng
- Guan Ong Peng
- Gudmundsson Elias F.
- Gudnason Vilmundur
- Guerrero Ramiro
- Guessous Idris
- Guimaraes Andre L.
- Gulliford Martin C.
- Gunnlaugsdottir Johanna
- Gunter Marc J.
- Gupta Prakash C.
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gureje Oye
- Gurzkowska Beata
- Gutierrez Laura
- Gutzwiller Felix
- Ha Seongjun
- Hadaegh Farzad
- Haghshenas Rosa
- Hakimi Hamid
- Halkjaer Jytte
- Hambleton Ian R.
- Hamzeh Behrooz
- Hange Dominique
- Hanif Abu A. M.
- Hantunen Sari
- Hao Jie
- Hardman Carla Meneses
- Hashemi-Shahri Seyed Mohammad
- Hata Jun
- Haugsgjerd Teresa
- Hayes Alison J.
- He Jiang
- He Jiang
- He Yuna
- Heier Margit
- Hendriks Marleen Elisabeth
- Henrique Rafael dos Santos
- Henriques Ana
- Herrala Sauli
- Heshmat Ramin
- Hill Allan G.
- Ho Sai Yin
- Ho Suzanne C.
- Hoang Van Minh Hoang Van Minh
- Hobbs Michael
- Holdsworth Michelle
- Homayounfar Reza
- Horimoto Andrea R. V. R.
- Hormiga Claudia M.
- Horta Bernardo L.
- Houti Leila
- Howitt Christina
- Htay Thein Thein
- Htet Aung Soe
- Htike Maung Maung Than
- Hu Yonghua
- Huerta Jose Maria
- Huhtaniemi Ilpo Tapani
- Huiart Laetitia
- Huisman Martijn
- Husseini Abdullatif S.
- Huybrechts Inge
- Hwalla Nahla
- Iacoviello Licia
- Iannone Anna G.
- Ibrahim Mohsen M.
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikram M. Arfan
- Iotova Violeta
- Irazola Vilma E.
- Ishida Takafumi
- Isiguzo Godsent C.
- Islam Muhammad
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iurilli Maria L. C.
- Iwasaki Masanori
- Jackson Rod T.
- Jacobs Jeremy M.
- Jaddou Hashem Y.
- Jafar Tazeen
- James Kenneth
- Jamrozik Konrad
- Janszky Imre
- Janus Edward
- Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta
- Jasienska Grazyna
- Jelakovic Ana
- Jelakovic Bojan
- Jennings Garry
- Jerome Charles Sossa
- Jha Anjani Kumar
- Jiang Chao Qiang
- Jimenez Ramon O.
- Joeckel Karl-Heinz
- Joffres Michel
- Johansson Mattias
- Jokelainen Jari J.
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jorgensen Torben
- Jose Tormo Maria
- Joshi Pradeep
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jozwiak Jacek
- Juolevi Anne
- Jurak Gregor
- Juresa Vesna
- Kaaks Rudolf
- Kafatos Anthony
- Kajantie Eero O.
- Kalmatayeva Zhanna
- Kalpourtzi Natasa
- Kalter-Leibovici Ofra
- Kampmann Freja B.
- Kannan Srinivasan
- Karaglani Eva
- Karhus Line L.
- Karki Khem B.
- Katibeh Marzieh
- Katz Joanne
- Kauhanen Jussi
- Kaur Prabhdeep
- Kavousi Maryam
- Kazakbaeva Gyulli M.
- Keil Ulrich
- Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi Sirkka
- Kelishadi Roya
- Kemper Han C. G.
- Kengne Andre P.
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- Keramati Maryam
- Kerimkulova Alina
- Kersting Mathilde
- Key Timothy
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- Khalili Davood
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khanh Le Nguyen Bao Khanh Le Nguyen Bao
- Khaw Kay-Tee
- Kheiri Bahareh
- Kheradmand Motahareh
- Khosravi Alireza
- Kiechl Stefan
- Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula
- Killewo Japhet
- Kim Dong Wook
- Kim Hyeon Chang
- Kim Hyeon Chang
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- Klakk Heidi
- Klimek Magdalena
- Klumbiene Jurate
- Knoflach Michael
- Kolle Elin
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- Korrovits Paul
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- Koskinen Seppo
- Kouda Katsuyasu
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- Kriaucioniene Vilma
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- Krokstad Steiner
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- Larijani Bagher
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- Lee Jeannette
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- Lehmann Nils
- Lehtimaki Terho
- Lele Elysee Claude Bika
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- Levitt Naomi S.
- Lhoste Victor P. F.
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- Lingam Vijaya
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- Lissner Lauren
- Litwin Mieczyslaw
- Lo Wei-Cheng
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- Lopez Tania
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- Lovrencic Iva Lukacevic
- Lozano Jose Eugenio
- Lukrafka Janice L.
- Luksiene Dalia
- Lundqvist Annamari
- Lundqvist Robert
- Lunet Nuno
- Lustigova Michala
- Luszczki Edyta
- Ma Guansheng
- Ma Jun
- Machado-Coelho George L. L.
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- Maire Bernard
- Majer Marjeta
- Makdisse Marcia
- Malekzadeh Fatemeh
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rahul
- Mallikharjuna Kodavanti
- Malyutina Sofia K.
- Maniego Lynell V.
- Manios Yannis
- Mann Jim I.
- Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
- Manzato Enzo
- Marcil Anie
- Margozzini Maira Paula
- Margozzini Paula
- Marild Staffan B.
- Marques Larissa Pruner
- Marques-Vidal Pedro
- Marrugat Jaume
- Martorell Reynaldo
- Mascarenhas Luis P.
- Matasin Marija
- Mathiesen Ellisiv B.
- Mathur Prashant
- Matijasevich Alicia
- Matlosz Piotr
- Matsha Tandi E.
- Mavrogianni Christina
- Mbanya Jean Claude N.
- Mc Donald Posso Anselmo J.
- McFarlane Shelly R.
- McGarvey Stephen T.
- McLachlan Stela
- McLean Rachael M.
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- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
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- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
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- Valvi Damaskini
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- van der Schouw Yvonne T.
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- Van Schoor Natasja M.
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- van Zutphen Elisabeth M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
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- Vasan Senthil K.
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- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Verstraeten Roosmarijn
- Victora Cesar G.
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis O. A.
- Wanderley Junior Rildo de Souza
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Emmanuel A.
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszynska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmadizar Fariba
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Andre Moura-dos-Santos Marcos
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansong Daniel
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Bahijri Suhad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banadinovic Maja
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bennett James E.
- Benson Lowell S.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bettiol Heloisa
- Bezerra Jorge
- Bhagyalaxmi Aroor
- Bhargava Santosh K.
- Bia Daniel
- Biasch Katia
- Bikbov Mukharram M.
- Bista Bihungum
- Bjerregaard Peter
- Bjertness Espen
- Bjertness Marius B.
- Bjorkelund Cecilia
- Bloch Katia V.
- Blokstra Anneke
- Bo Simona
- Bobak Martin
- Boeing Heiner
- Boggia Jose G.
- Boissonnet Carlos P.
- Bojesen Stig E.
- Boker Lital Keinan
- Bonet Gorbea Mariano
- Bongard Vanina
- Bonilla-Vargas Alice
- Bopp Matthias
- Borghs Herman
- Bovet Pascal
- Boyer Christopher B.
- Braeckman Lutgart
- Brajkovich Imperia
- Branca Francesco
- Breckenkamp Jürgen
- Brenner Hermann
- Brewster Lizzy M.
- Briceno Yajaira
- Brito Miguel
- Bruno Graziella
- Bueno Gloria
- Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas
- Bugge Anna
- Burns Con
- Bursztyn Michael
- Cabrera de Leon Antonio
- Cacciottolo Joseph
- Cadena Leticia Hernandez
- Cameron Christine
- Can Gunay
- Candido Ana Paula C.
- Capanzana Mario V.
- Capkova Nadezda
- Capuano Eduardo
- Capuano Vincenzo
- Cardoso Viviane C.
- Carlsson Axel C.
- Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M.
- Carvalho Joana
- Casanueva Felipe F.
- Censi Laura
- Cervantes-Loaiza Marvin
- Chadjigeorgiou Charalambos A.
- Chamukuttan Snehalatha
- Chan Angelique W.
- Chan Queenie
- Chaturvedi Himanshu K.
- Chaturvedi Nish
- Chee Miao Li
- Chen Chien-Jen
- Chen Fangfang
- Chen Huashuai
- Chen Shuohua
- Chen Zhengming
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheraghian Bahman
- Chetrit Angela
- Chien Kuo-Liong
- Chiolero Arnaud
- Chiou Shu-Ti
- Chirita-Emandi Adela
- Chirlaque Maria-Dolores
- Cho Belong
- Christensen Kaare
- Christofaro Diego G.
- Chudek Jerzy
- Cifkova Renata
- Cifkova Renata
- Cinteza Eliza
- Claessens Frank
- Clarke Janine
- Clays Els
- Cohen Emmanuel
- Concin Hans
- Cooper Cyrus
- Coppinger Tara C.
- Cordeiro da Silva Bruna Goncalves
- Costanzo Simona
- Cottel Dominique
- Cowan Melanie J.
- Cowell Chris
- Craig Cora L.
- Crampin Amelia C.
- Crujeiras Ana B.
- Cruz Juan J.
- Csilla Semanova
- Cui Liufu
- Cureau Felipe V.
- Cuschieri Sarah
- D'Arrigo Graziella
- d'Orsi Eleonora
- Dallongeville Jean
- Damasceno Albertino
- Damasceno Albertino
- Danaei Goodarz
- Danaei Goodarz
- Dankner Rachel
- Dantoft Thomas M.
- Dauchet Luc
- Davletov Kairat
- De Backer Guy
- De Bacquer Dirk
- De Curtis Amalia
- de Gaetano Giovanni
- De Henauw Stefaan
- de Moura Silva Caroline Ramos
- de Oliveira Paula Duarte
- de Paiva Karina Mary
- De Ridder David
- De Smedt Delphine
- de Wit Tobias F. Rinke
- Deepa Mohan
- Deev Alexander D.
- DeGennaro Vincent Jr
- Dekkaki Imane Cherkaoui
- del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez Maria
- Delisle Helene
- Demarest Stefaan
- Dennison Elaine
- Deschamps Valerie
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Di Castelnuovo Augusto F.
- Dias-da-Costa Juvenal Soares
- Diaz Alejandro
- Dickerson Ty T.
- Dika Zivka
- Dinc Gonul Horasan
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Do Ha T. P.
- Dobson Annette J.
- Doering Angela
- Doerr Marcus
- Donfrancesco Chiara
- Donoso Silvana P.
- Dorobantu Maria
- Doua Kouamelan
- Dragano Nico
- Drygas Wojciech
- Duante Charmaine A.
- Duboz Priscilla
- Duda Rosemary B.
- Dulskiene Virginija
- Dushpanova Anar
- Dzakula Aleksandar
- Dzerve Vilnis
- Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk Elzbieta
- Eddie Ricky
- Eftekhar Ebrahim
- Eggertsen Robert
- Eghtesad Sareh
- Eiben Gabriele
- Ekelund Ulf
- El Ati Jalila
- El-Khateeb Mohammad
- Eldemire-Shearer Denise
- Eliasen Marie
- Elisa Zapata Maria
- Elliott Paul
- Elliott Paul
- Elosua Roberto
- Erasmus Rajiv T.
- Erbel Raimund
- Erem Cihangir
- Eriksen Louise
- Eriksson Johan G.
- Escobedo-de la Pena Jorge
- Eslami Saeid
- Esmaeili Ali
- Evans Alun
- Ezzati Majid
- Faeh David
- Fakhretdinova Albina A.
- Fall Caroline H.
- Faramarzi Elnaz
- Farjam Mojtaba
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Mohammad Reza
- Fawwad Asher
- Felix Stephan B.
- Felix-Redondo Francisco J.
- Ferguson Trevor S.
- Fernandes Romulo A.
- Fernandez-Berges Daniel
- Ferrante Daniel
- Ferrao Thomas
- Ferrari Marika
- Ferrario Marco M.
- Ferreccio Catterina
- Ferreira Haroldo S.
- Ferrer Eldridge
- Ferrieres Jean
- Figueiro Thamara Hubler
- Fink Gunther
- Fischer Krista
- Foo Leng Huat
- Forsner Maria
- Fouad Heba M.
- Francis Damian K.
- Franco Maria do Carmo
- Frikke-Schmidt Ruth
- Frontera Guillermo
- Fuchs Flavio D.
- Fuchs Sandra C.
- Fujita Yuki
- Fumihiko Matsuda
- Furdela Viktoriya
- Furer Ariel
- Furusawa Takuro
- Gaciong Zbigniew
- Galbarczyk Andrzej
- Galenkamp Henrike
- Galvano Fabio
- Gao Jingli
- Gao Pei
- Garcia Pablo
- Garcia-de-la-Hera Manoli
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- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
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- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
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- Wambiya Elvis O. A.
- Wanderley Junior Rildo de Souza
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
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- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Emmanuel A.
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszynska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Background
Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age.
Findings
The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran.
Interpretation
Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings
Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c
- Author
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F.
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- Tamosiunas Abdonas
- Tapani Huhtaniemi Ilpo
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- Viana Peixoto Sergio
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
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- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Voutilainen Ari
- Wade Alisha N.
- Wan Bebakar Wan Mohamad
- Wan Mohamud Wan Nazaimoon
- Wang Chongjian
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Webster-Kerr Karen
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- Wei Wenbin
- Westbury Leo D.
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Więcek Andrzej
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Emily B.
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Li
- Yan Weili
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yu Yu-Ling
- Yu Yunjiang
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zimmet Paul
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Čapková Naděžda
- Šalaj Sanja
- Publication venue
- Nature Publishing Group
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose
diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117
population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of
diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected
as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed
prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously
diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa.
The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and
detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66%
in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised
proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39%
across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and
middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated
FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and
underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite
resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and
surveillance.peer-reviewe
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gomez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J.
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A.
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A.
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmadizar Fariba
- Ahmed Soheir H.
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al Nsour Mohannad
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M.
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N.
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A.
- Andre Moura-dos-Santos Marcos
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansong Daniel
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araujo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E.
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K.
- Assuncao Maria Cecilia F.
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdicova Maria
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V.
- Bahijri Suhad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banadinovic Maja
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas Jose R.
- Bao Khanh Le Nguyen
- Bao Tran Quoc
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M.
- Barcelo Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio J. D.
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D.
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M.
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A.
- Beaglehole Robert
- Bebakar Wan Mohamad Wan
- Belavendra Antonisamy
- Ben Romdhane Habiba
- Benchekor Sounnia Mediene
- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E.
- Bennett James E.
- Benson Lowell S.
- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bettiol Heloisa
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- Topor-Madry Roman
- Tornaritis Michael J.
- Torrent Maties
- Torres-Collado Laura
- Touloumi Giota
- Traissac Pierre
- Triantafyllou Areti
- Trichopoulos Dimitrios
- Trichopoulou Antonia
- Trinh Oanh T. H.
- Trivedi Atul
- Tshepo Lechaba
- Tsugane Shoichiro
- Tuliakova Azaliia M.
- Tulloch-Reid Marshall K.
- Tullu Fikru
- Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka
- Tuomilehto Jaakko
- Turley Maria L.
- Twig Gilad
- Tynelius Per
- Tzourio Christophe
- Ueda Peter
- Ugel Eunice
- Ulmer Hanno
- Uusitalo Hannu M. T.
- Valdivia Gonzalo
- Valvi Damaskini
- van Dam Rob M.
- van den Born Bert-Jan
- Van der Heyden Johan
- van der Schouw Yvonne T.
- Van Herck Koen
- Van Schoor Natasja M.
- van Valkengoed Irene G. M.
- van Zutphen Elisabeth M.
- Vanderschueren Dirk
- Vanuzzo Diego
- Varbo Anette
- Varghese Cherian
- Vasan Senthil K.
- Vega Tomas
- Veidebaum Toomas
- Velasquez-Melendez Gustavo
- Veronesi Giovanni
- Verschuren W. M. Monique
- Verstraeten Roosmarijn
- Victora Cesar G.
- Viet Lucie
- Villalpando Salvador
- Vineis Paolo
- Vioque Jesus
- Virtanen Jyrki K.
- Visvikis-Siest Sophie
- Viswanathan Bharathi
- Vlasoff Tiina
- Vollenweider Peter
- Voutilainen Ari
- Vrkic Tajana Zeljkovic
- Wade Alisha N.
- Walton Janette
- Wambiya Elvis O. A.
- Wanderley Junior Rildo de Souza
- Wang Ming-Dong
- Wang Ningli
- Wang Qian
- Wang Xiangjun
- Wang Ya Xing
- Wang Ying-Wei
- Wannamethee S. Goya
- Wareham Nicholas
- Wei Wenbin
- Weres Aneta
- Werner Bo
- Whincup Peter H.
- Widhalm Kurt
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Widyahening Indah S.
- Wiecek Andrzej
- Wilks Rainford J.
- Willeit Johann
- Willeit Peter
- Williams Emmanuel A.
- Wilsgaard Tom
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Wong Andrew
- Wong Norazizah Ibrahim
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong-McClure Roy A.
- Woo Jean
- Woodward Mark
- Woodward Mark
- Wu Frederick C.
- Wu Shouling
- Wyszynska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K.
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O.
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Yusoff Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
- Zainuddin Ahmad A.
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuniga Cisneros Julio
- Publication venue
- ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
- Author
- Abarca-Gómez Leandra
- Abdeen Ziad A
- Abdul Rahim Hanan F
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M
- Acosta-Cazares Benjamin
- Adams Robert J
- Aekplakorn Wichai
- Afsana Kaosar
- Afzal Shoaib
- Agdeppa Imelda A
- Aghazadeh-Attari Javad
- Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A
- Agyemang Charles
- Ahmad Noor Ani
- Ahmadi Ali
- Ahmadi Naser
- Ahmadi Nastaran
- Ahmadizar Fariba
- Ahmed Soheir H
- Ahrens Wolfgang
- Ajlouni Kamel
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alarouj Monira
- AlBuhairan Fadia
- AlDhukair Shahla
- Ali Mohamed M
- Alkandari Abdullah
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Allin Kristine
- Aly Eman
- Amarapurkar Deepak N
- Amougou Norbert
- Amouyel Philippe
- Andersen Lars Bo
- Anderssen Sigmund A
- Anjana Ranjit Mohan
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansong Daniel
- Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer
- Araújo Joana
- Ariansen Inger
- Aris Tahir
- Arku Raphael E
- Arlappa Nimmathota
- Aryal Krishna K
- Aspelund Thor
- Assah Felix K
- Assunção Maria Cecília F
- Auvinen Juha
- Avdićová Mária
- Azevedo Ana
- Azimi-Nezhad Mohsen
- Azizi Fereidoun
- Azmin Mehrdad
- Babu Bontha V
- Bahijri Suhad
- Balakrishna Nagalla
- Balanova Yulia
- Bamoshmoosh Mohamed
- Banach Maciej
- Banadinović Maja
- Bandosz Piotr
- Banegas José R
- Baran Joanna
- Barbagallo Carlo M
- Barceló Alberto
- Barkat Amina
- Barreto Marta
- Barros Aluisio JD
- Barros Mauro Virgílio Gomes
- Bartosiewicz Anna
- Basit Abdul
- Bastos Joao Luiz D
- Bata Iqbal
- Batieha Anwar M
- Batyrbek Assembekov
- Baur Louise A
- Beaglehole Robert
- Belavendra Antonisamy
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- Benet Mikhail
- Bennett James E
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- Berkinbayev Salim
- Bernabe-Ortiz Antonio
- Bernotiene Gailute
- Bettiol Heloísa
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- Bia Daniel
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- Bruno Graziella
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- Cheraghian Bahman
- Cherkaoui Dekkaki Imane
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- Chien Kuo-Liong
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- Nowak-Szczepanska Natalia
- Nsour Mohannad Al
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- O'Neill Terence W
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- Ochimana Caleb
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- Odili Augustine N
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- Olinto Maria Teresa A
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- Paccaud Fred Michel
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- Paiva Karina Mary de
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- Palli Domenico
- Palmieri Luigi
- Pan Wen-Harn
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Panza Francesco
- Paoli Mariela
- Papandreou Dimitrios
- Park Soon-Woo
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- Parnell Winsome R
- Parsaeian Mahboubeh
- Pasquet Patrick
- Patel Nikhil D
- Pavlyshyn Halyna
- Pednekar Mangesh S
- Pedro João M
- Peer Nasheeta
- Peixoto Sergio Viana
- Peltonen Markku
- Pereira Alexandre C
- Peres Karen GDA
- Peres Marco A
- Peters Annette
- Petkeviciene Janina
- Peykari Niloofar
- Pećin Ivan
- Pham Son Thai
- Pichardo Rafael N
- Pigeot Iris
- Pikhart Hynek
- Pilav Aida
- Pilotto Lorenza
- Pitakaka Freda
- Piwonska Aleksandra
- Pizarro Andreia n
- Plans-Rubió Pedro
- Polašek Ozren
- Porta Miquel
- Poudyal Anil
- Pourfarzi Farhad
- Pourshams Akram
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- Price Jacqueline F
- Providencia Rui
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- Puiu Maria
- Punab Margus
- Qasrawi Radwan F
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Queiroz Daniel
- Quoc Bao Tran
- Radisauskas Ricardas
- Radić Ivana
- Rahimikazerooni Salar
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Raitakari Olli
- Raj Manu
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- Ramachandra Rao Sudha
- Ramachandran Ambady
- Ramos Elisabete
- Rampal Lekhraj
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- Rangel Reina Daniel A
- Rarra Vayia
- Rech Cassiano Ricardo
- Redon Josep
- Reganit Paul Ferdinand M
- Regecová Valéria
- Revilla Luis
- Rezaianzadeh Abbas
- Ribeiro Robespierre
- Riboli Elio
- Richter Adrian
- Rigo Fernando
- Riley Leanne M
- Rinke de Wit Tobias F
- Ritti-Dias Raphael M
- Robitaille Cynthia
- Rodriguez-Perez María del Cristo
- Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando
- Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A
- Roggenbuck Ulla
- Rojas-Martinez Rosalba
- Romaguera Dora
- Romeo Elisabetta L
- Rosengren Annika
- Roy Joel GR
- Rubinstein Adolfo
- Ruidavets Jean-Bernard
- Ruiz-Betancourt Blanca Sandra
- Ruiz-Castell Maria
- Rusakova Iuliia A
- Russo Paola
- Rutkowski Marcin
- Sabanayagam Charumathi
- Sabbaghi Hamideh
- Sachdev Harshpal S
- Sadjadi Alireza
- Safarpour Ali Reza
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Saidi Olfa
- Sakarya Sibel
- Saki Nader
- Salanave Benoit
- Salazar Martinez Eduardo
- Salmerón Diego
- Salomaa Veikko
- Salonen Jukka T
- Salvetti Massimo
- Sans Susana
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- Santos Ina S
- Santos Lèlita C
- Santos Maria Paula
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- Sarganas Giselle
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- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
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- Sjöström Michael
- Slowikowska-Hilczer Jolanta
- Slusarczyk Przemyslaw
- Smeeth Liam
- So Hung-Kwan
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- Sobngwi Eugène
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- Sofat Reecha
- Solfrizzi Vincenzo
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- Wyszynska Justyna
- Xu Haiquan
- Xu Liang
- Yaacob Nor Azwany
- Yan Weili
- Yang Ling
- Yang Xiaoguang
- Yang Yang
- Yasuharu Tabara
- Ye Xingwang
- Yiallouros Panayiotis K
- Yoosefi Moein
- Yoshihara Akihiro
- You San-Lin
- Younger-Coleman Novie O
- Yusoff Ahmad Faudzi
- Zainuddin Ahmad A
- Zakavi Seyed Rasoul
- Zamani Farhad
- Zambon Sabina
- Zampelas Antonis
- Zapata Maria Elisa
- Zaw Ko Ko
- Zdrojewski Tomasz
- Zejglicova Kristyna
- Zeljkovic Vrkic Tajana
- Zeng Yi
- Zhang Luxia
- Zhang Zhen-Yu
- Zhao Dong
- Zhao Ming-Hui
- Zhen Shiqi
- Zheng Yingfeng
- Zholdin Bekbolat
- Zhou Bin
- Zhu Dan
- Zins Marie
- Zitt Emanuel
- Zocalo Yanina
- Zoghlami Nada
- Zuñiga Cisneros Julio
- Čapková Naděžda
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 17/09/2021
- Field of study
Background
Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories.
Methods
We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age.
Findings
The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran.
Interpretation
Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings
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