ストレプトマイシン ユウハツ ムカク ブドウ フジミノリ ノ カリュウ ノ ヒダイ ニ オヨボス セイボウ オヨビ ジベレリン CPPU コンゴウ ショリ ノ エイキョウ

ストレプトマイシン(SM)により無核化したブドウ`藤稔\u27の花穂先端部の切りつめ整形処理,および満開時や後期でのジベレリン(GA)や1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea(CPPU)処理の違いが収穫時の果粒肥大や品質に及ぼす影響について調査した。1)開花初期の花穂先端部の切りつめ整形処理は,切りつめの程度が長いほど果房や果軸が重くなった。2)切りつめ整形果房のGA,CPPUの混合処理は,満開時より後期に処理した場合に顕著な果粒の肥大効果を示した。また,大粒果にかかわらず,果色や糖度および裂果などの品質低下が少なかった。Spraying of streptomycin (SM) at 16 days prior to full bloom induced parthenocarpic berries in the seeded grape \u27Fujiminori\u27, however, their sizes were not large enough at harvest. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of pruning of flower clusters and dipping treatment of gibberellin (GA) and 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) at floral stage for improvement of size and qualities. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Pruning of flower clusters affected the shape and size of the harvested bunches. The longer the cutting from the top of flower cluster, the heavier bunch and stem were harvested. 2) Additional GA and CPPU mixture treatment at 11 days after full bloom produced larger berries, moderate qualities as rich sweetness with dark color and seldom berry cracking

Cost-effectiveness of gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Japan, gargling is a generally accepted way of preventing upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). The effectiveness of gargling for preventing URTI has been shown in a randomized controlled trial that compared incidences of URTI between gargling and control groups. From the perspective of the third-party payer, gargling is dominant due to the fact that the costs of gargling are borne by the participant. However, the cost-effectiveness of gargling from a societal perspective should be considered. In this study, economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gargling for preventing URTI from a societal perspective.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Among participants in the gargling trial, 122 water-gargling and 130 control subjects were involved in the economic analysis. Sixty-day cumulative follow-up costs and effectiveness measured by quality-adjusted life days (QALD) were compared between groups on an intention-to-treat basis. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was converted to dollars per quality-adjusted life years (QALY). The 95% confidence interval (95%CI) and probability of gargling being cost-effective were estimated by bootstrapping.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After 60 days, QALD was increased by 0.43 and costs were $37.1 higher in the gargling group than in the control group. ICER of the gargling group was$31,800/QALY (95%CI, $1,900–$248,100). Although this resembles many acceptable forms of medical intervention, including URTI preventive measures such as influenza vaccination, the broad confidence interval indicates uncertainty surrounding our results. In addition, one-way sensitivity analysis also indicated that careful evaluation is required for the cost of gargling and the utility of moderate URTI. The major limitation of this study was that this trial was conducted in winter, at a time when URTI is prevalent. Care must be taken when applying the results to a season when URTI is not prevalent, since the ICER will increase due to decreases in incidence.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study suggests gargling as a cost-effective preventive strategy for URTI that is acceptable from perspectives of both the third-party payer and society.</p

Significant Effect of Polymorphisms in CYP2D6 on Response to Tamoxifen Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Multicenter Study

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH2382019-2026CCRE

A genome-wide association study identifies three novel genetic markers for response to tamoxifen: A prospective multicenter study.

PURPOSE:Although association studies of genetic variations with the clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen have been reported, genetic factors which could determine individual response to tamoxifen are not fully clarified. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic markers for response to tamoxifen. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:We prospectively collected 347 blood samples from patients with hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, invasive breast cancer receiving preoperative tamoxifen monotherapy for 14 to 28 days. We used Ki-67 response in breast cancer tissues after preoperative short-term tamoxifen therapy as a surrogate marker for response to tamoxifen. We performed GWAS and genotype imputation using 275 patients, and an independent set of 72 patients was used for replication study. RESULTS:The combined result of GWAS and the replication study, and subsequent imputation analysis indicated possible association of three loci with Ki-67 response after tamoxifen therapy (rs17198973 on chromosome 4q34.3, rs4577773 on 6q12, and rs7087428 on 10p13, Pcombined = 5.69 x 10-6, 1.64 x 10-5, and 9.77 x 10-6, respectively). When patients were classified into three groups by the scoring system based on the genotypes of the three SNPs, patients with higher scores showed significantly higher after/before ratio of Ki-67 compared to those with lower scores (P = 1.8 x 10-12), suggesting the cumulative effect of the three SNPs. CONCLUSION:We identified three novel loci, which could be associated with clinical response to tamoxifen. These findings provide new insights into personalized hormonal therapy for the patients with breast cancer