Reconstruction Image of Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO) Due To Japanese Rice Cake (Mochi)

Background: Authors have continued clinical practice with reconstruction method of computed tomography (CT). Case presentation: We have experienced 78-year-old male of acute abdomen complaining strong abdominal pain. Result: Laboratory test showed WBC 14800 /μL, and CT showed two high-density lesions in right middle and left upper abdomen, which has 143/214 Hounsfield unit, respectively. They suggest small bowel obstruction (SBO) by traditional Japanese rice cake (mochi). He was treated conservatively with infusion and relieved. Discussion: Rice cake may cause various problems, such as ileus, gastric ulcer, perforation and suffocation. This report becomes hopefully a reference for future practice and research

Early improvement of HbA1c, weight and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patient by Rybelsus (oral semaglutide)

Background: Latest topic for Type 2 diabetes (T2D) would be oral semaglutide (Rybelsus). Case presentation: Patient is 74-year-old female with T2D. She showed 65.5 kg (BMI 28.7 kg/m2) and HbA1c 7.4% in Feb 2022. Results: She started Rybelsus 3-7mg/day, and then she had clinical effects as 58kg and 6.0% in June 2022, respectively. Discussion: Rybelsus is characteristic for its clinical efficacy of improvement for glucose variability and body weight. Various data were from Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with Obesity (STEP) and Peptide Innovation for Early diabetes treatment (PIONEER) studies. This report becomes hopefully useful reference for diabetic research

Remarkable Efficacy of Blood Glucose and Weight by Oral Semaglutide (Rybelsus) For Short Period

Background: Authors and researchers have continued clinical practice and research of diabetes and endocrinology for long. As a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), oral semaglutide (Rybelsus) was applied to patient with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and investigated. Case Presentation: Case is 51-year-old male patient with T2D for 8 years. His diabetic control was exacerbated to HbA1c 8.5% in autumn 2021, and then Rybelsus was administered for increasing doses of 3mg, 7mg, and 14mg per day. The results showed improvement of HbA1c 8.5% to 7.1% and weight 96kg to 91kg for 3 months. Discussion and conclusion: Current remarkable effect may be from the characteristic benefit of Rybelsus. It is provided per os with 50-120 ml of water in the early morning, and after that at least 30 min of fasting time period is required. As fasting time is longer, the Rybelsus concentration in the blood and clinical efficacy become higher. The case has daily habit of no breakfast for long, and fasting time was about 3-4 hours. This situation may be one of the main reasons for remarkable efficacy. Current case will become an impressive reference for clinical effect of Rybelsus in patient with T2D

Transmigration of polymorphnuclear neutrophils and monocytes through the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier after bacterial infection in vitro

Background: Bacterial invasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) during bacterial meningitis causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines followed by the recruitment of leukocytes into the CNS. In this study, we analyzed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) and monocyte transepithelial transmigration (TM) across the BCSFB after bacterial infection. Methods: Using an inverted transwell filter system of human choroid plexus papilloma cells (HIBCPP), we studied leukocyte TM rates, the migration route by immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy, the secretion of cytokines/chemokines by cytokine bead array and posttranslational modification of the signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α via western blot. Results: PMNs showed a significantly increased TM across HIBCPP after infection with wild-type Neisseria meningitidis (MC58). In contrast, a significantly decreased monocyte transmigration rate after bacterial infection of HIBCPP could be observed. Interestingly, in co-culture experiments with PMNs and monocytes, TM of monocytes was significantly enhanced. Analysis of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance confirmed an intact barrier function during leukocyte TM. With the help of the different imaging techniques we could provide evidence for para- as well as for transcellular migrating leukocytes. Further analysis of secreted cytokines/chemokines showed a distinct pattern after stimulation and transmigration of PMNs and monocytes. Moreover, the transmembrane glycoprotein SIRPα was deglycosylated in monocytes, but not in PMNs, after bacterial infection. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that PMNs and monoctyes differentially migrate in a human BCSFB model after bacterial infection. Cytokines and chemokines as well as transmembrane proteins such as SIRPα may be involved in this process

Local Energies and Energy Fluctuations — Applied to the High Entropy Alloy CrFeCoNi

High entropy alloys show a variety of fascinating properties like high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. They are random solid solutions of many components with rather high concentrations. We perform ab-initio calculations for the high entropy alloy CrFeCoNi, which equal concentration of 25% for each element. By the KKRnano program package, which is based on an order-N screened Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker Green’s function method, we consider a face-centered cubic (FCC) supercell with 1372 randomly distributed elements, and in addition also smaller supercells with 500 and 256 atoms. It is found from our calculations that the local moments of the Cr atoms show a large environmental variation, ranging from −1.70 μB to +1.01 μB with an average of about −0.51 μB. We present a new method to calculate “local energies” of all atoms. This is based on the partitioning of the whole space into Voronoi cells and allows to calculate the energetic contribution of each atomic cell to the total energy of the supercell. The supercell calculations show very large variations of the local energies, analogous to the variations of the local moments. This shows that the random solid solution is not stable and has a tendency to form an L12-structure with the Cr-atoms ordered at the corner of the cube and the elements Fe, Co, and Ni randomly distributed on the three other FCC sublattices. For this structure the variation of the local moments are much smaller