Effects of glucosamine on tooth pulpal nociceptive responses in the rat

AbstractBackground/purposed-Glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is noted as a nutritional supplement that is effective for improvement and care of various disorders, such as osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although, it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about its effect on dental pain. The applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pain in pulpalgia has not been reported. In this study, using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), the effect of DGL on nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve was examined.Materials and methodsThe effect of DGL on nociceptive responses for 20 male Wistar albino rats was evaluated using an in vitro jaw-nerve preparation. Bradykinin (BK), used as a chemical nociceptive stimulant, was applied near the exposed tooth pulp. Sixty seconds after BK application, the surface of the exposed pulp was treated with DGL solution or physiological saline (control).ResultsThe nerve firing rate was 2.06±0.21Hz (n=10) after 5 minutes of saline application, and 0.76±0.16Hz (n=10) after 5 minutes of DGL application. The DGL group showed significantly lower nerve firing rate than the control group.ConclusionBK-induced nociceptive responses were significantly suppressed by direct application of DGL. Our results suggest that DGL might have a pain relief effect in dental pain

Responsabilidade civil pré-contratual em face do rompimento injusto das negociações contratuais

A presente monografia revela apontamentos acerca da responsabilidade pré-contratual pela ruptura injusta, arbitrária, das negociações preliminares. É comum que a realidade nos imponha a celebração de contratos cuja formação exija o desenvolvimento e ampliação de uma série de atos progressivos e entendimentos sucessivos, caracterizando-se esse período de pré-contratualidade como um verdadeiro processo. Diante disso, ao longo das negociações caberá às partes pautar sua conduta de acordo com os ditames da boa-fé objetiva, respeitando os deveres de conduta dela resultantes, sob pena de responderem pelos danos sofridos por aquele que confiou legitimamente na seriedade das negociações. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento se realizará uma análise histórico-política acerca do contrato, indicando seus princípios basilares, e sua posterior reformulação, em face do surgimento do Estado Social e, em âmbito nacional, da Constituição Federal de 1988. Nesse contexto, o contrato se apresenta com uma configuração muito mais justa e social. Diante disso, realizou-se, no segundo capítulo desta monografia, uma análise acerca dos princípios que embasam essa nova contratualidade, quais sejam, boa-fé objetiva e confiança. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo tratará especificamente da responsabilidade pré-contratual, indicando sua origem, fundamentos, natureza, elementos, quantum indenizatório a ser fixado, além de alguns julgados que bem demonstram a aplicação da teoria até então apresentada

Suppressive Effects of D-Glucosamine on the 5-HT Sensitive Nociceptive Units in the Rat Tooth Pulpal Nerve

It is well known that D-glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is regarded as a nutritional supplement effective in improving various disorders, including osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about the characteristics of the effects of this compound on dental pain. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pulpalgia. Using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), we evaluated the effects of DGL on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) sensitive nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve. 5-HT-induced nociceptive responses were fairly suppressed by direct application of DGL, suggesting that DGL have a pain relief effect on patients with dental pain

Suppressive Effects of D-Glucosamine on the 5-HT Sensitive Nociceptive Units in the Rat Tooth Pulpal Nerve

It is well known that D-glucosamine hydrochloride (DGL) has a variety of biological activities and is regarded as a nutritional supplement effective in improving various disorders, including osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis. Although it has been reported that DGL has a significant pain relief effect in treating osteoarthritis, little is known about the characteristics of the effects of this compound on dental pain. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the applicability of DGL as a medicament to control pulpalgia. Using an in vitro rat mandible-inferior alveolar nerve preparation (jaw-nerve preparation), we evaluated the effects of DGL on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) sensitive nociceptive responses in the tooth pulpal nerve. 5-HT-induced nociceptive responses were fairly suppressed by direct application of DGL, suggesting that DGL have a pain relief effect on patients with dental pain

Twenty barrel in situ pipe gun type solid hydrogen pellet injector for the Large Helical Device

A 20 barrel solid hydrogen pellet injector, which is able to inject 20 cylindrical pellets with a diameter and length of between 3.0 and 3.8 mm at the velocity of 1200 m/s, has been developed for the purpose of direct core fueling in LHD (Large Helical Device). The in situ pipe gun concept with the use of compact cryo-coolers enables stable operation as a fundamental facility in plasma experiments. The combination of the two types of pellet injection timing control modes, i.e., pre-programing mode and real-time control mode, allows the build-up and sustainment of high density plasma around the density limit. The pellet injector has demonstrated stable operation characteristics during the past three years of LHD experiments

On the Generalized Exanthemata Happened to Erupt During Roentgentherapy

Four cases of generalized exanthemata were observed during X-ray treatment. The cause of this ailment is not thoroughly classified yet. Studying these cases, it will be said that the disease would develop on the ground of individual idiosyncrasy toward drugs and of decreased body resistance, because of observing most of the patients to who the same dose or more of Roentgentherapy was given as those four cases showed no system reactions. It is of importance that the use of drug having various reactions should be avoided with cares to improve patient's general condition, and diuresis especially to prevent pyelonephritis, during X-ray treatment

Transplantation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelial cell sheet into the middle ear of rats

[Introduction] Early postoperative regeneration of the middle ear mucosa is essential for the prevention of postoperative refractory otitis media and recurrent cholesteatoma. As a means for intractable otitis media management, we focused on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived airway epithelial cells (AECs), which have been used in upper airway mucosal regeneration and transplantation therapy. In this study, we transplanted hiPSC-derived AECs into the middle ear of immunodeficient rats. [Methods] Following the preparation of AEC sheets from hiPSCs, the bilateral middle ear mucosa of X-linked severe combined immunodeficient rats was scraped, and the AEC sheets were transplanted in the ears unilaterally. [Results] Human nuclear antigen (HNA)-positive ciliated cells were observed on the transplanted side of the middle ear cavity surface in three of six rats in the 1-week postoperative group and in three of eight rats in the 2-week postoperative group. No HNA-positive cells were found on the control side. The percentage of HNA-positive ciliated cells in the transplanted areas increased in the 2-week postoperative group compared with the 1-week group, suggesting survival of hiPSC-derived AECs. Additionally, HNA-positive ciliated cells were mainly located at sites where the original ciliated cells were localized. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the transplanted AECs contained cytokeratin 5- and mucin 5AC-positive cells, indicating that both basal cells and goblet cells had regenerated within the middle ear cavity. [Conclusions] The results of this study are an important first step in the establishment of a novel transplantation therapy for chronic otitis media

Improvement of acid resistance of Zn-doped dentin by newly generated chemical bonds

Dental caries, the world's most prevalent infectious disease, is caused by the diffusion of hydroxyl ions into tooth structures. To prevent dental caries, the application of fluoride (F) and zinc (Zn) ions to teeth surfaces are potential effective measures. In this study, The ionic influence, especially the chemical bond of F and Zn, on the acid resistance of dentin were investigated by particle induced X-ray / gamma-ray emission, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results showed Zn was distributed in the limited surface layer of dentin without altering its crystal structure. From the Zn K edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure, Zn incorporated into dentin was surrounded by oxygen and demonstrated four-fold coordination. The bond length and chemical state of Zn–O in Zn doped dentin suggested newly generated Zn–O covalent bond, which may improve acid resistance of dentin. This study showed that the atomic and molecular structures, such as the molecular distances and chemical state, influenced acid resistance of teeth, emphasizing the validity of chemical state analysis for understanding properties in biomaterials.Naito K., Kuwahara Y., Yamamoto H., et al. Improvement of acid resistance of Zn-doped dentin by newly generated chemical bonds. Materials and Design, 215, 110412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110412

Tim23–Tim50 pair coordinates functions of translocators and motor proteins in mitochondrial protein import

Mitochondrial protein traffic requires coordinated operation of protein translocator complexes in the mitochondrial membrane. The TIM23 complex translocates and inserts proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Here we analyze the intermembrane space (IMS) domains of Tim23 and Tim50, which are essential subunits of the TIM23 complex, in these functions. We find that interactions of Tim23 and Tim50 in the IMS facilitate transfer of precursor proteins from the TOM40 complex, a general protein translocator in the outer membrane, to the TIM23 complex. Tim23–Tim50 interactions also facilitate a late step of protein translocation across the inner membrane by promoting motor functions of mitochondrial Hsp70 in the matrix. Therefore, the Tim23–Tim50 pair coordinates the actions of the TOM40 and TIM23 complexes together with motor proteins for mitochondrial protein import