Safety and effectiveness of RBD-specific polyclonal equine F(ab´)2 fragments for the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe Covid-19 disease: A retrospective cohort study

Background Passive immunotherapy has been evaluated as a therapeutic alternative for patients with COVID-19 disease. Equine polyclonal immunotherapy for COVID-19 (EPIC) showed adequate safety and potential efficacy in a clinical trial setting and obtained emergency use authorization in Argentina. We studied its utility in a real world setting with a larger population. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at “Hospital de Campaña Escuela-Hogar" (HCEH) in Corrientes, Argentina, to assess safety and effectiveness of EPIC in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Primary endpoints were 28-days all-cause mortality and safety. Mortality and improvement in modified WHO clinical scale at 14 and 21 days were secondary endpoints. Potential confounder adjustment was made by logistic regression weighted by the inverse of the probability of receiving the treatment (IPTW) and doubly robust approach. Findings Subsequent clinical records of 446 non-exposed (Controls) and 395 exposed (EPIC) patients admitted between November 2020 and April 2021 were analyzed. Median age was 58 years and 56.8% were males. Mortality at 28 days was 15.7% (EPIC) vs. 21.5% (Control). After IPTW adjustment the OR was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46–0.96) P = 0.03. The effect was more evident in the subgroup who received two EPIC doses (complete treatment, n = 379), OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.85) P = 0.005. Overall and serious adverse events were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study, EPIC showed adequate safety and effectiveness in the treatment of hospitalized patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 disease.Fil: Farizano Salazar, Diego H.. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Achinelli, Fernando. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Colonna, Mariana. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Lucía. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Giménez, Analía A.. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Ojeda, Maria Alejandra. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Miranda Puente, Susana N.. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Negrette, Lía. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Cañete, Florencia. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Martelotte Ibarra, Ornela I.. Hospital de Campaña Escuela Hogar; ArgentinaFil: Sanguineti, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Spatz, Linus. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Goldbaum, Fernando Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Massa, Carolina. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Rivas, Marta. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Pichel, Mariana. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Hiriart, Yanina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; ArgentinaFil: Zylberman, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gallego, Sandra Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Konigheim, Brenda Salome. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Francisco. No especifíca;Fil: Deprati, Matías. No especifíca;Fil: Roubicek, Ian. Inmunova; ArgentinaFil: Giunta, Diego Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Nannini, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopardo, Gustavo. No especifíca;Fil: Belloso, Waldo Horacio. Hospital Italiano; Argentin

Final opportunity to rehabilitate an urban river as a water source for Mexico City.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of water in the Magdalena-Eslava river system and to propose alternatives for sustainable water use. The system is the last urban river in the vicinity of Mexico City that supplies surface water to the urban area. Historical flow data were analyzed (1973-2010), along with the physicochemical and bacteriological attributes, documenting the evolution of these variables over the course of five years (2008-2012) in both dry and rainy seasons. The analyses show that the flow regime has been significantly altered. The physicochemical variables show significant differences between the natural area, where the river originates, and the urban area, where the river receives untreated wastewater. Nutrient and conductivity concentrations in the river were equivalent to domestic wastewater. Fecal pollution indicators and various pathogens were present in elevated densities, demonstrating a threat to the population living near the river. Estimates of the value of the water lost as a result of mixing clean and contaminated water are presented. This urban river should be rehabilitated as a sustainability practice, and if possible, these efforts should be replicated in other areas. Because of the public health issues and in view of the population exposure where the river flows through the city, the river should be improved aesthetically and should be treated to allow its ecosystem services to recover. This river represents an iconic case for Mexico City because it connects the natural and urban areas in a socio-ecological system that can potentially provide clean water for human consumption. Contaminated water could be treated and reused for irrigation in one of the green areas of the city. Wastewater treatment plants and the operation of the existing purification plants are urgent priorities that could lead to better, more sustainable water use practices in Mexico City

Reviews

[]Prestinenza Puglisi, Luigi. Breve curso de escritura crítica (Por Álvaro Moral García) pp.4.-- Campo Baeza, Alberto. AEX TRIPLEX. Memoria del curso académico 2017-2018 (Por Alberto Campo Baeza) pp.4-5.-- Llopis Verdú, Jorge. Dibujo y arquitectura en la era digital. Reflexiones sobre el dibujo arquitectónico contemporáneo (Por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp.5.-- Cundari, Cesare; et. al. Rilievi in Galilea. Marcos, Carlos L. y Allepuz Pedreño, Ángel. Magdala e altri siti evangelici (Por Pilar Chías Navarro) pp.6.-- Alberto Campo Baeza.El bisturí en la linea (Por Alberto Grijalba Bengoetxea) pp.6-7.-- Castaño Perea, Enrique y Echeverría Valiente, Ernesto. Architectural Draughtsmanship. From analog to digital narratives (Por Eduardo Carazo Lefort) pp.7-8.-- Gámiz Gordo, Antonio. Imágenes viajeras hacia 1904. Andalucía en las tarjetas postales de Photoglob Co. Zurich (Por José Mª Gentil Baldrich) pp.8-9.-- Montes Serrano, Carlos. Del material de los sueños. Dibujos de arquitectura en la modernidad (Por Javier Mosteiro) pp.9-10.-- Cerdà i Ballester, Josep y Navarro Fajardo, Juan Carlos. El castillo y sacro convento de la Orden de Montesa. Historia y arquitectura (Por Esther Capilla Tamborero) pp. 10-11.-- Ortega Vidal, Javier; Sancho Gaspar, José Luis y Marín Perellón, Francisco. Ventura Rodríguez. El poder del dibujo (Por Javier Mosteiro) pp.11-12.-- Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo #15 (por Gustavo Hiriart) pp. 12.-- Scarpa Martín, Alejandro. César Manrique: acupuntura urbana aplicada a Lanzarote (Por Vito Cardone) pp.13-14.-- Los dibujos de Campo Baeza en la caverna de Platón (Por Alberto Campo Baeza) pp.14-15.-- XVII CONGRESO INTERNACIONAL EGA “IMPRONTA GRÁFICA. Sobre la influencia de las herramientas de representación e ideación en la arquitectura” (Por Carlos L. Marcos Alba) pp.16-17.-- IL DISEGNO COME RAPPRESENTAZIONE (IM) MATERIALE. 40° Convegno Internazionale dei Docenti delle Discipline della Rappresentazione (Por Saverio D’Auria) pp.18.-- TARGA D’ORO uid a Pilar Chías Navarro. TARGA D’ORO uid a Carlos Montes Serrano pp.19.--Moral García, Á.; Campo Baeza, A.; Chias Navarro, P.; Grijalba Bengoetxea, A.; Carazo Lefort, E.; Gentil Baldrich, JM.; Mosteiro, J.... (2018). Reseñas de libros. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 23(34):4-19. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2018.11053OJS419233

Water flux distribution from 2008–2010 grouped by season.

<p>Water flux distribution from 2008–2010 grouped by season.</p

Spatial trend for the eight main water quality variables in the Magdalena River, based on 19 sampling stations.

<p>Spatial trend for the eight main water quality variables in the Magdalena River, based on 19 sampling stations.</p

Daily volumetric flow regime (1973–2010) measured at the hydrometric station Santa Teresa (26440).

<p>Daily volumetric flow regime (1973–2010) measured at the hydrometric station Santa Teresa (26440).</p

Interannual variation of the NFRs, RFRs, mNFRs and mRFRs measured at hydrometric station 26440.

<p>Interannual variation of the NFRs, RFRs, mNFRs and mRFRs measured at hydrometric station 26440.</p

Spatial trend for the eight main water quality variables in the Eslava River, based on eight sampling stations.

<p>Spatial trend for the eight main water quality variables in the Eslava River, based on eight sampling stations.</p

Study area, including the Magdalena and Eslava rivers within the Basin of Mexico and the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.

<p>Study area, including the Magdalena and Eslava rivers within the Basin of Mexico and the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.</p

The bacteria identified in the Eslava River water samples in 2010.

<p>The bacteria identified in the Eslava River water samples in 2010.</p