Prehistoric landform use and main phases slope covers accumulation on the archeological site in Bruszczewo (Great Poland)

Slope covers can be used in archeology as a source for the study of manlandscape relations. An example of this type of research carried out at an archeological site is Bruszczewo no 5 situated 60 km south of Poznań. As to culture, relics from site no 5 at Bruszczewo span a segment of prehistory from the early Bronze Age to the period of Roman influence (from ca. 4000 BP to ca. 1500 BP). There are also early medieval ceramics there. The analysis of the distribution of the slope covers at the archeological site was carried out on the basis of geomagnetic sounding of the site, excavations, and geological sounding. The slope covers in question are deposited primarily in the moat and the scarp zones of the site, to a much lesser extent also in the peatbog zone. In those various zones the following stages of slope wash sedimentation can be distinguished: (1) the early Bronze Age stage associated with Unetician culture, (2) one associated with the Bronze Age (Lusatian culture), and (3) modern colluvial deposits (mixed archeological material from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages)

Warunki klimatyczne okresu średniowiecza a powstanie, rozwój i upadek grodziska na Zawodziu w Kaliszu

The early medieval stronghold in Kalisz was established in the ninth century among the branches of meandering Prosna river. The stronghold's castle was located on the floodplain terrace of Prosna river at an altitude of 100-108 m asl. In the tenth and eleventh centuries numerous redevelopments within the town occurred. In the early thirteenth century, as a result of fightings among dukes, the stronghold was exposed to destruction. Long-term flooding (1221-1223) resulted in the change of the main Prosna river channel. Prosna no longer assured the settlement with defensive functions. The above, and subsequent invasion of duke Henry I the Bearded (Henryk Brodaty) on Zawodzie in 1233, determined moving the castle on a fluvial terrace, in today's center of Kalisz

Aluwialne wypełnienie doliny oraz stożek napływowy na terasie zalewowej Prosny w Kościelnej Wsi (koło Kalisza) : zmienność litofacjalna i antropogeniczne uwarunkowania

The sediment study of the alluvial bottom of Prosna river valley and of alluvial fan in the floodplain terrace, with the special attention paid to its origins, anthropogenic conditions at that time and also to lithofacial variability, enabled to draw the following conclusions. The fan was the result of erosion-denudation processes triggered after 6220š140 BP (Gd-4677) (about 4300 BC). The beginning of these processes can be associated with the Neolithic human beings activity, having taken into account conditions of the Holocene Climatic Optimum as well as presence of Neolithic cultures found in the investigated area. The lithofacial analysis of the sediments has revealed a simple fractionation sequence: D right arrow B right arrow C right arrow A for the alluvial filling of the river bottom. This indicates its accumulation as the result of meandering river activity. Cyclical lithofacies transitions for the alluvial fan sediments have been observed: A (sandy) into F (sandy-silty) and into E (silty)

Stratygrafia osadów fosy i strefy krawędziowej na stanowisku archeologicznym w Bruszczewie jako rezultat jego użytkowania w pradziejach

Archaeological and geomorphologic research conducted on the archaeological site in Bruszczewo, indicates most of the cultural layers and archaeological objects to be dated back to the Early Bronze Period. Such is also the dating of the oldest colluvial deposits there. Second phase of relief transformations and sedimentary deposition is connected with the Lusatian stage of the site exploitation in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age. Layers dated back to these periods can be observed in the moat, in the edge zone of the site as well as in the peatbog zone. Most of the material related to this stage of the settlement exploitation is deposited in the unearthed Lusatian moat. Third stage - the medieval settlement of the site - is well-known mainly for its mixed colluvial sediments. They contain cultural material from different periods, and were transported and deposited in modern times. Fourth phase of the area exploitation - agrotechnical denudation - is marked with the layer of colluvia of the widest spatial range, covering the deposits of peatbog plain. These sediments are linked to regular cultivation within the archaeological site

Cmentarzysko kurhanowe w Łękach Małych : unikatowa nekropolia kultury unietyckiej (wczesna epoka brązu)

The burial mound in Łęki Małe is located on the northern side of the Warta-Obra Pradolina, in the plateau cut through by Mogilnica river. An esker adjoins this valley from the west. This elevation, looming over its vicinity, was used as the barrow burial ground. It constituted the most distinctive element of this lowland landscape. The burials of the Únitice culture people, of Early Bronze Age, took place there. Until nowadays four barrows have survived which is a bit more than 20 % of the whole necropolis. The tumuli differ in construction and equipment of main graves, in size of earth-mounds as well as in structure and inside collections of side graves. The unique form of the veneration of the dead may be the significance of social and material diversification within the Únitice community. The barrows were burial places of the privileged

Główne etapy zasiedlenia i rozbudowy grodziska w Bonikowie (Wielkopolska) w świetle badań litologicznych i geochemicznych

The early medieval fortified settlement in Bonikowo was located within the wetland, in very marshy backwaters of the middle Obra river (the Obra Marshy Meadows). The Bonikowo stronghold belonged to a system of numerous small castles of southern Great Poland which had been formed in the period before the rise of the centralized state. This was a concave fortified settlement, consisting of many parts, with three ramparts, originating in different phases of the Middle Ages, as was confirmed by dating of archaeological pottery findings and by absolute dating. The castle was built with material from the sandy sediment of the Obra river backwaters. Geochemical analysis shows the length and intensity of the settlement and economic use of internal zones of the ramparts, especially of the internal zones within the rampart II, considered the oldest