Method for the registration and analysis of aerial images, applied to the architecture of construction sites, using low-cost devices

FPGA-based hardware architectures are being used more frequently in many applications, thanks to the different programming languages that allow us to access them. The applications are also being varied, one of the most common areas of work with aerial images, normally acquired with cameras that are on board drones, the working mode of these configurations, is focused on being able to use visualize the images online As the flight is carried out, if you want to carry out some type of processing, it is necessary to download the image from the camera's memory, this process is already carried out when the drone has finished the flight. In this work we present a methodology to be able to use the low-cost hardware myRIO, since it has a processor and an FPGA included, we present the steps to be able to work with the device, as well as an example of online processing so that the video and images that the drone camera can process on board and transmitted online, so that images and videos are processed while the drone is in flight, thereby improving the performance of the drone and can be applied In special operations, as a result we present the device configuration and the results of an example.Campus Lima Su

Mutational Landscape of CEBPA in Mexican Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Prognostic Implications

BackgroundIn Mexico, the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has increased in the last few years. Mortality is higher than in developed countries, even though the same chemotherapy protocols are used. CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Alpha (CEBPA) mutations are recurrent in AML, influence prognosis, and help to define treatment strategies. CEBPA mutational profiles and their clinical implications have not been evaluated in Mexican pediatric AML patients.Aim of the StudyTo identify the mutational landscape of the CEBPA gene in pediatric patients with de novo AML and assess its influence on clinical features and overall survival (OS).Materials and MethodsDNA was extracted from bone marrow aspirates at diagnosis. Targeted massive parallel sequencing of CEBPA was performed in 80 patients.ResultsCEBPA was mutated in 12.5% (10/80) of patients. Frameshifts at the N-terminal region were the most common mutations 57.14% (8/14). CEBPA biallelic (CEBPABI) mutations were identified in five patients. M2 subtype was the most common in CEBPA positive patients (CEBPAPOS) (p = 0.009); 50% of the CEBPAPOS patients had a WBC count > 100,000 at diagnosis (p = 0.004). OS > 1 year was significantly better in CEBPA negative (CEBPANEG) patients (p = 0.0001). CEBPAPOS patients (either bi- or monoallelic) had a significantly lower OS (p = 0.002). Concurrent mutations in FLT3, CSF3R, and WT1 genes were found in CEBPAPOS individuals. Their contribution to poor OS cannot be ruled out.ConclusionCEBPA mutational profiles in Mexican pediatric AML patients and their clinical implications were evaluated for the first time. The frequency of CEBPAPOS was in the range reported for pediatric AML (4.5–15%). CEBPA mutations showed a negative impact on OS as opposed to the results of other studies

IKZF1plus is a frequent biomarker of adverse prognosis in Mexican pediatric patients with B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia

BackgroundRecurrent genetic alterations contributing to leukemogenesis have been identified in pediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), and some are useful for refining classification, prognosis, and treatment selection. IKZF1plus is a complex biomarker associated with a poor prognosis. It is characterized by IKZF1 deletion coexisting with PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, or PAR1 region deletions. The mutational spectrum and clinical impact of these alterations have scarcely been explored in Mexican pediatric patients with B-ALL. Here, we report the frequency of the IKZF1plus profile and the mutational spectrum of IKZF1, PAX5, CDKN2A/2B, and ERG genes and evaluate their impact on overall survival (OS) in a group of patients with B-ALL.MethodsA total of 206 pediatric patients with de novo B-ALL were included. DNA was obtained from bone marrow samples at diagnosis before treatment initiation. A custom-designed next-generation sequencing panel was used for mutational analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for OS estimation.ResultsWe identified the IKZF1plus profile in 21.8% of patients, which was higher than that previously reported in other studies. A significantly older age (p=0.04), a trend toward high-risk stratification (p=0.06), and a decrease in 5-year Overall Survival (OS) (p=0.009) were observed, although heterogeneous treatment protocols in our cohort would have impacted OS. A mutation frequency higher than that reported was found for IKZF1 (35.9%) and CDKN2A/2B (35.9%) but lower for PAX5 (26.6%). IKZF1MUT group was older at diagnosis (p=0.0002), and most of them were classified as high-risk (73.8%, p=0.02), while patients with CDKN2A/2BMUT had a higher leukocyte count (p=0.01) and a tendency toward a higher percentage of blasts (98.6%, >50% blasts, p=0.05) than the non-mutated patients. A decrease in OS was found in IKZF1MUT and CDKN2A/2BMUT patients, but the significance was lost after IKZF1plus was removed.DiscussionOur findings demonstrated that Mexican patients with B-ALL have a higher prevalence of genetic markers associated with poor outcomes. Incorporating genomic methodologies into the diagnostic process, a significant unmet need in low- and mid-income countries, will allow a comprehensive identification of relevant alterations, improving disease classification, treatment selection, and the general outcome

Incidencia de las leucemias agudas en niños de la ciudad de México, de 1982 a 1991

OBJETIVO: Medir la tasa de incidencia de las leucemias agudas (LA) en las diferentes delegaciones políticas del Distrito Federal y evaluar si existe una tendencia significativa en dichos padecimientos en tales delegaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal descriptivo realizado en seis hospitales de la ciudad de México, los que atienden a cerca de 97.5% de todos los niños con cáncer de esta ciudad. Los datos se capturaron de 1995 a 1996, y se analizaron en 1999, en el Hospital de Pediatría del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Para cada delegación se calcularon la tasa de incidencia anual promedio, la tasa estandarizada y la razón estandarizada de morbilidad (REM) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). La tendencia se evaluó con la tasa de cambio promedio. RESULTADOS: Se observó una tendencia al incremento en la incidencia de la leucemia aguda linfoblástica (LAL) en cinco delegaciones: Alvaro Obregón, Cuauhtémoc, Gustavo A. Madero, Iztacalco y Venustiano Carranza. En la leucemia aguda mieloblástica (LAM) no se notificaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la incidencia en ninguna delegación política. Sólo con LAM se encontró una REM significativa y correspondió a la delegación Alvaro Obregón (REM= 2.91, IC 95% 1.63 - 4.80). Las REM más altas se encontraron en el sur y suroeste de la ciudad. CONCLUSIONES: Sólo se observó incremento en la incidencia de LAL en cinco delegaciones políticas. La incidencia más alta de LAM se encontró en la delegación Alvaro Obregón

A panoramic view from the microscopic world. Problem-based learning in the practices of the Human Microscopic Organization in the second year of the degree in Medicine

El aprendizaje basado en problemas fue desarrollado para la educación en medicina hace más de treinta años. Es una técnica de aprendizaje que plantea problemas para fomentar en los estudiantes la investigación, la integración de los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos y la aplicación de ellos para dar una solución viable al problema planteado. El aprendizaje basado en proyectos es muy similar al descrito anteriormente salvo que, se pide la generación de un producto final con la solución al problema que sirva para su explicación y difusión. La estructura del aprendizaje basado en problemas/proyectos es: 1) planteamiento del problema, 2) Debate de ideas, 3) Búsqueda y procesamiento de la información, 4) Resolución del problema, 5) Elaboración del producto final, 6) Evaluación del proceso y del producto 7) Difusión. La asignatura de Organografía Microscópica Humana es impartida por profesores del departamento de Biología Celular en el 2o año del grado de Medicina. La asignatura comprende clases teóricas y prácticas. Éstas últimas se imparten en 17 clases de dos horas de duración. Para este proyecto las prácticas se dividirán en seis bloques con duración de entre dos y tres clases cada bloque. En cada módulo planteamos un problema. En el tiempo que dure el bloque los estudiantes buscarán una solución y la plasmarán en una presentación que les servirá para explicar su solución al resto de sus compañeros. Las presentaciones fueron revisadas y corregidas por los profesores y finalmente subidas al campus virtual en formato pdf.Problem-based learning was developed for medical education more than thirty years ago. It is a learning technique that poses problems to encourage students to research, the integration of theoretical and practical knowledge and the application of them to provide a viable solution to the problem. Project-based learning is very similar to the one described above except that the generation of a final product with the solution to the problem is requested for its explanation and dissemination. The structure of problem-based learning / projects is: 1) problem statement, 2) Discussion of ideas, 3) Search and processing of information, 4) Resolution of the problem, 5) Preparation of the final product, 6) Evaluation of the process and the product 7) Diffusion. The subject of Human Microscopic Organography is taught by professors of the Department of Cell Biology in the 2nd year of the degree of Medicine. The subject includes theoretical and practical classes. The latter are taught in 17 two-hour classes. For this project the practices will be divided into six blocks lasting between two and three classes each block. In each module we pose a problem. In the time that the block lasts, the students will look for a solution and will translate it into a presentation that will help them explain their solution to the rest of their classmates. The presentations were reviewed and corrected by the professors and finally uploaded to the virtual campus in pdf format.Sección Deptal. de Biología Celular (Medicina)Fac. de MedicinaFALSEUniversidad Complutense de Madridsubmitte

Primary dengue virus infections induce differential cytokine production in Mexican patients

Severe dengue pathogenesis is not fully understood, but high levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been associated with dengue disease severity. In this study, the cytokine levels in 171 sera from Mexican patients with primary dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) from dengue virus (DENV) 1 (n = 116) or 2 (n = 55) were compared. DF and DHF were defined according to the patient’s clinical condition, the primary infections as indicated by IgG enzymatic immunoassay negative results, and the infecting serotype as assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Samples were analysed for circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-12p70, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-6, and IL-8 using a commercial cytometric bead array. Significantly higher IFN-γ levels were found in patients with DHF than those with DF. However, significantly higher IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were associated with DHF only in patients who were infected with DENV2 but not with DENV1. Moreover, patients with DF who were infected with DENV1 showed higher levels of IL-12p70, TNF-α, and IL-6 than patients with DHF early after-fever onset. The IL-8 levels were similar in all cases regardless of the clinical condition or infection serotype. These results suggest that the association between high proinflammatory cytokine levels and dengue disease severity does not always stand, and it once again highlights the complex nature of DHF pathogenesis

HLA-DRB1

Background: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major risk factor for malignant lesions and cervical cancer. A widely studied element in the search for genetic factors influencing risk HPV infection diseases is allelic variation of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus. The study was designed to search for HLA susceptibility alleles contributing to the persistence of HPV infection in Mexican women. Methods: A total of 172 subjects were divided into three groups: 1) HPV–persistent patients; 2) HPV–cleared; and 3) HPV–reinfected patients. They were screened for HPV types using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSOP) was used for HLA DRB1 and DQB1 typing. Results: We observed that HLA-DQB1*0501 allele might be associated with susceptibility of reinfection with HPV (p = 0.01, OR = 4.9, CI 95% = 1.3 -18.7). Allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*14 was particularly reduced in patients with cancer when compared with the HPV–persistent group (p = 0.04), suggesting that this allele is a possible protective factor for the development of cervical cancer (OR = 2.98). HLA-DRB1*07 might be associated with viral clearance (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Genetic markers for HPV infection susceptibility are different in each population, in Mexicans several HLA-DQB1 alleles might be associated with an enhanced risk for viral persistence. In contrast, DRB1*14, seems to confer protection against cervical cancer