Slavery Worse Than Existed in the Sunny South : The Problem of Japanese Labor in Progressive America

Drawn from his current book project that examines the history of the tension between nativism and demand for foreign labor in the United States, Hidetaka Hirota analyzes the problem of Japanese migrant labor in the American West at the turn of the twentieth century. This lecture focuses on three particular issues related to Japanese labor immigration during this period: how the patterns of Japanese migration shaped Americans’ view of Japanese labor as a form of slave labor; how American and Japanese labor contractors in the West evaded federal laws to regulate labor immigration, often in transnational ways; and how such a subversive practice affected the development of US immigration policy. Hirota discusses how the debate over Japanese labor contributed to the emergence of a national immigration regime in the United States in the early twentieth century.https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/foh_events/1005/thumbnail.jp

Nativism, Citizenship, and the Deportation of Paupers in Massachusetts, 1837-1883

Thesis advisor: Kevin KennyThis dissertation examines the origins of American immigration policy. Without denying the importance of anti-Asian racism, it locates the roots of federal immigration policy in nativism and economics in nineteenth-century Massachusetts. The influx of poor Irish immigrants over the first half of the nineteenth century provoked anti-Irish nativism, or intense hostility toward foreigners, in Massachusetts. Building upon colonial laws for banishing paupers, nativists in Massachusetts developed policies for prohibiting the entry of destitute alien passengers by ship and railroad and for deporting immigrant paupers in the state to Ireland, Liverpool, British North America, or other American states where they resided before coming to Massachusetts. Prior to the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, citizenship and its attendant rights remained inchoate, allowing anti-Irish nativism to override certain rights and liberties that were later taken for granted. Nativist officials seized and banished paupers of Irish descent, including some who were born or naturalized in America. Historians have long seen anti-Irish nativism as a set of prejudiced ideas that generated few consequences at the level of law and policy, and have identified late-nineteenth-century federal Chinese exclusion laws as the beginnings of American immigration control. This dissertation argues that anti-Irish nativism in Massachusetts had a significant practical impact on Irish immigrants in the form of state deportation policies, and demonstrates that Massachusetts' policies, which were driven by a poisonous combination of prejudice against the Irish and economic concerns, helped lay the foundations for later federal restriction policies that applied to all immigrants. The argument unfolds in a transnational context, examining the migration of paupers from Ireland, their expulsion from America, and their post-deportation experiences in Britain and Ireland. In this way, deportation from the United States can be seen as part of a wider system of pauper restriction and forcible removal operating in the Atlantic world.Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012.Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.Discipline: History

Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced HIF-1 Activation Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Epithelial Cells

The endometrium undergoes repeated proliferation and shedding during the menstrual cycle. Significant changes to this environment include fluctuations in the partial pressure of oxygen, exposure to a high-cytokine environment associated with intrauterine infection, and inflammation. Chronic endometritis is a condition wherein mild inflammation persists in the endometrium and is one of the causes of implantation failure and miscarriage in early pregnancy. It is thought that the invasion of embryos into the endometrium requires epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated changes in the endometrial epithelium. However, the effects of inflammation on the endometrium remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of the intrauterine oxygen environment, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), and inflammation on the differentiation and function of endometrial epithelial cells. We elucidated the ways in which inflammatory cytokines affect HIF activity and EMT in an immortalized cell line (EM-E6/E7/TERT) derived from endometrial epithelium. Pro-inflammatory cytokines caused significant accumulation of HIF-1α protein, increased HIF-1α mRNA levels, and enhanced hypoxia-induced accumulation of HIF-1α protein. The combined effect of inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia increased the expression of EMT-inducing factors and upregulated cell migration. Our findings indicate that pro-inflammatory factors, including cytokines and LPS, work synergistically with hypoxia to activate HIF-1 and promote EMT in endometrial epithelial cells

Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced HIF-1 Activation Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Endometrial Epithelial Cells

令和4年

Brain Drain and Brain Gain in Italy and Ireland in the Age of Mass Migration

Emigrants from Italy and Ireland contributed disproportionately to the Age of Mass Migration. That their departure improved the living standards of those they left behind is hardly in doubt. Nevertheless, a voluminous literature on the selectivity of migrant flows— both from sending and receiving country perspectives—has given rise to claims that migration generates both ‘brain drains’ and ‘brain gains’. On the one hand, positive or negative selection among emigrants may affect the level of human capital in sending countries. On the other hand, the prospect of emigration and return migration may both spur investment in schooling in source countries. This essay describes the history of emigration from Italy and Ireland during the Age of Mass Migration from these perspectives