Average annual disease burden in the Netherlands in 2007–2011 for new cases of sexually-transmitted infections.

<p>YLD and YLL components are shown separately. Red lines indicate 95% uncertainty intervals.(DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Year, YLD = Years Lived with Disability, YLL = Years of Life Lost).</p

Ranking of sexually-transmitted infections by disease burden at population/individual level in the Netherlands in 2007–2011.

<p>The area of each bubble is proportional to the average number of estimated annual cases. Both axes are on a logarithmic scale.(DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Years, population level = number of DALYs/year, individual level = number of DALYs/100 infections).</p

Total number of <i>new</i> cases in 2007–2011 in the Netherlands, multiplication factors (MFs) chosen to adjust for under-estimation, and the estimated annual number of total infections and deaths (averaged over the period 2007–2011 and adjusted for under-estimation and the proportion symptomatic), per disease.

<p>Total number of <i>new</i> cases in 2007–2011 in the Netherlands, multiplication factors (MFs) chosen to adjust for under-estimation, and the estimated annual number of total infections and deaths (averaged over the period 2007–2011 and adjusted for under-estimation and the proportion symptomatic), per disease.</p

Ranking of food-related diseases by disease burden at population/individual level in the Netherlands in 2007–2011.

<p>The area of each bubble is proportional to the average number of estimated annual cases (200 cases were added to each bubble for visibility reasons). Both axes are on a logarithmic scale. (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Years, population level = number of DALYs/year, individual level = number of DALYs/100 infections).</p

Ranking of vaccine-preventable diseases by disease burden at population/individual level in the Netherlands in 2007–2011.

<p>Diphtheria and poliomyelitis could not be included because there were no cases reported in this period. The area of each bubble is proportional to the average number of estimated annual cases (50 cases were added to each bubble for visibility reasons). Both axes are on a logarithmic scale. (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Years, population level = number of DALYs/year, individual level = number of DALYs/100 infections, I. = invasive).</p

Ranking of respiratory diseases by disease burden at population/individual level in the Netherlands in 2007–2011.

<p>The area of each bubble is proportional to the average number of estimated annual cases. Both axes are on a logarithmic scale. (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Years, population level = number of DALYs/year, individual level = number of DALYs/100 infections).</p

Average annual disease burden in the Netherlands in 2007–2011 for new cases of respiratory diseases.

<p>YLD and YLL components are shown separately. Red lines indicate 95% uncertainty intervals. (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Year, YLD = Years Lived with Disability, YLL = Years of Life Lost).</p

Estimated annual disease burden in the period 2007–2011 for <i>new</i> cases of sexually-transmitted infections, vaccine-preventable diseases, food-related diseases, and respiratory diseases: mean (with 95% uncertainty intervals) YLD/year, YLL/year, DALYs/year, and DALYs/100 infections.

<p>Estimated annual disease burden in the period 2007–2011 for <i>new</i> cases of sexually-transmitted infections, vaccine-preventable diseases, food-related diseases, and respiratory diseases: mean (with 95% uncertainty intervals) YLD/year, YLL/year, DALYs/year, and DALYs/100 infections.</p

Average annual disease burden in the Netherlands in 2007–2011 for new cases of vaccine-preventable diseases.

<p>YLD and YLL components are shown separately. Red lines indicate 95% uncertainty intervals. (DALY = Disability-Adjusted Life Year, YLD = Years Lived with Disability, YLL = Years of Life Lost, I. = invasive).</p

Image_1_Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Antibody Levels Against Vaccine Preventable Diseases in the Netherlands.pdf

<p>Background: We investigated whether low socioeconomic status (SES), which is associated with reduced health and life expectancy, might play a role in increased risk for infectious diseases. Therefore, we explored the association between SES and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against various pathogens.</p><p>Methods: We analyzed the association between SES [educational level and net household income (NHI)] and serum IgG concentration against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB), pneumococcus, meningococcus serogroup C (MenC), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) collected within a national cross-sectional serosurvey (2006/2007) using linear regression analyses among non-vaccinated individuals.</p><p>Results: Higher educational level was associated with higher IgG concentrations against measles (GMC ratio 1.34, 95% CI 1.18–1.53) and rubella (1.13, 1.02–1.25) compared to low education level. In contrast, higher education level was associated with lower IgG concentrations against pneumococcus (0.78, 0.70–0.88), MenC (0.54, 0.44–0.68), and CMV (0.23, 0.18–0.31) compared to low education level. This pattern was also evident when NHI was used as SES indicator.</p><p>Conclusion: Our study suggests that socioeconomic status is associated with antibody levels in a pathogen-dependent manner. The results suggest that differences in serological response upon infection or differences in exposure might be involved in the variation in IgG levels between SES groups.</p