Transfer eines experimentellen autoimmunen Glaukommodells von der Ratte auf die Maus zur Erklärung der Glaukompathogenese

Die Ursache des Glaukoms ist unzureichend geklärt. In früheren Studien konnten bereits Hinweise auf die Rolle des Immunsystems in der Pathogenese gefasst werden. Im Promotionsvorhaben wurde ein bisher etabliertes autoimmunes Glaukommodell der Ratte auf das Versuchstier Maus übertragen, da Mäuse den Vorteil des "Gen-Targetings" bieten. Dazu wurden die Mäuse mit dem bovinen Sehnervenhomogenat (ONA) immunisiert. Die Kontrollgruppe erhielt Natriumchlorid. Es wurden zwei unterschiedliche ONA-Konzentrationen getestet. Nach 6 Wochen wurden die Retinae und Sehnerven immunhistologisch untersucht. Der Transferversuch des Immunisierungsmodells von der Ratte auf die Maus war erfolgreich. Wie beim Glaukom wurden ein signifikanter Ganglienzellverlust und die einhergehende Sehnervendegeneration sichtbar. Wir gehen davon aus, dass zukünftige Immunisierungsmodelle von dem Versuchstier Maus profitieren können

Transfer of the Experimental Autoimmune Glaucoma Model from Rats to Mice—New Options to Study Glaucoma Disease

Studies have suggested an involvement of the immune system in glaucoma. Hence, a rat experimental autoimmune glaucoma model (EAG) was developed to investigate the role of the immune response. Here, we transferred this model into mice. Either 0.8 mg/mL of the optic nerve antigen homogenate (ONA; ONA 0.8) or 1.0 mg/mL ONA (ONA 1.0) were injected in 129/Sv mice. Controls received sodium chloride. Before and 6 weeks after immunization, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. At 6 weeks, retinal neurons, glia cells, and synapses were analyzed via immunohistology and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, optic nerves were examined. The IOP stayed in the normal physiological range throughout the study (p > 0.05). A significant reduction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was noted in both immunized groups (p < 0.001). Remodeling of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses was seen in ONA 1.0 retinas. Furthermore, both ONA groups revealed optic nerve degeneration and macrogliosis (all: p < 0.001). An increase of activated microglia was noted in ONA retinas and optic nerves (p < 0.05). Both ONA concentrations led to RGC loss and optic nerve degeneration. Therefore, the EAG model was successfully transferred from rats to mice. In further studies, transgenic knockout mice can be used to investigate the pathomechanisms of glaucoma more precisely

Transfer of the experimental autoimmune glaucoma model from rats to mice

Studies have suggested an involvement of the immune system in glaucoma. Hence, a rat experimental autoimmune glaucoma model (EAG) was developed to investigate the role of the immune response. Here, we transferred this model into mice. Either 0.8 mg/mL of the optic nerve antigen homogenate (ONA; ONA 0.8) or 1.0 mg/mL ONA (ONA 1.0) were injected in 129/Sv mice. Controls received sodium chloride. Before and 6 weeks after immunization, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. At 6 weeks, retinal neurons, glia cells, and synapses were analyzed via immunohistology and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, optic nerves were examined. The IOP stayed in the normal physiological range throughout the study ($\it p$ > 0.05). A significant reduction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was noted in both immunized groups ($\it p$ < 0.001). Remodeling of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses was seen in ONA 1.0 retinas. Furthermore, both ONA groups revealed optic nerve degeneration and macrogliosis (all: $\it p$ < 0.001). An increase of activated microglia was noted in ONA retinas and optic nerves ($\it p$ < 0.05). Both ONA concentrations led to RGC loss and optic nerve degeneration. Therefore, the EAG model was successfully transferred from rats to mice. In further studies, transgenic knockout mice can be used to investigate the pathomechanisms of glaucoma more precisely

AUTHENTICITY AND THE PSEUDO-BACKSTAGE OF AGRI-TOURISM

This article explores how summer farmers in Bregenzerwald (Austria) and Valdres (Norway) deal with their double role as farmers and tourist hosts. Based on qualitative interviews with farmers, the authors discuss how this double role influences tourist-host interactions and the staging of summer farms, and the ways in which the discourses of authenticity and heritage manifest themselves therein. In both Austria and Norway, summer farms are objects of idyllisation. They are highly suitable places for agri-tourism, which is regarded as more intimate and less detrimental to culture and environment than mass tourism. The authors suggest that one feature of such agri-tourism settings is the arrangement of a pseudo-backstage—a frontstage that is presented as an ‘actual’ backstage.acceptedVersio