3,593 research outputs found
Using auxiliary gas power for CCS energy needs in retrofitted coal power plants
Adding post-combustion capture technology to existing coal-fired power plants is being considered as a near-term option for mitigating CO[subscript 2] emissions. To supply the thermal energy needed for CO[subscript 2] capture, much of the literature proposes thermal integration of the existing coal plantâs steam cycle with the capture processâ stripper reboiler. This paper examines the option of using an auxiliary natural gas turbine plant to meet the energetic demands of carbon capture and compression. Three different auxiliary plant technologies were compared to integration for 90% capture from an existing, 500 MW supercritical coal plant. CO[subscript 2] capture (via a monoethylamine (MEA) absorption process) and compression is simulated using Aspen Plus. Thermoflow software is used to simulate three gas plant technologies. In some circumstances, it is found that using an auxiliary natural gas turbine may make retrofits more attractive compared to using thermal integration. The most important factors affecting desirability of the auxiliary plant retrofit are the cost of natural gas, the full cost of integration, and the potential for sale of excess electricity.Research Council of Norway (Statoil (Firm: Norway)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Carbon Sequestration Initiativ
Acute knockdown of Kv4.1 regulates repetitive firing rates and clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and daily rhythms in locomotor behavior
AbstractRapidly activating and inactivating A-type K+currents (IA) encoded by Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 pore-forming (α) subunits of the Kv4 subfamily are key regulators of neuronal excitability. Previous studies have suggested a role for Kv4.1 α-subunits in regulating the firing properties of mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons. To test this, we utilized an RNA-interference strategy to knockdown Kv4.1, acutely and selectively, in the SCN. Current-clamp recordings revealed that thein vivoknockdown of Kv4.1 significantly (p< 0.0001) increased mean ± SEM repetitive firing rates in SCN neurons during the day (6.4 ± 0.5 Hz) and at night (4.3 ± 0.6 Hz), compared with nontargeted shRNA-expressing SCN neurons (day: 3.1 ± 0.5 Hz; night: 1.6 ± 0.3 Hz). IAwas also significantly (p< 0.05) reduced in Kv4.1-targeted shRNA-expressing SCN neurons (day: 80.3 ± 11.8 pA/pF; night: 55.3 ± 7.7 pA/pF), compared with nontargeted shRNA-expressing (day: 121.7 ± 10.2 pA/pF; night: 120.6 ± 16.5 pA/pF) SCN neurons. The magnitude of the effect of Kv4.1-targeted shRNA expression on firing rates and IAwas larger at night. In addition, Kv4.1-targeted shRNA expression significantly (p< 0.001) increased mean ± SEM nighttime input resistance (Rin; 2256 ± 166 MΩ), compared to nontargeted shRNA-expressing SCN neurons (1143 ± 93 MΩ). Additional experiments revealed that acute knockdown of Kv4.1 significantly (p< 0.01) shortened, by âŒ0.5 h, the circadian period of spontaneous electrical activity, clock gene expression and locomotor activity demonstrating a physiological role for Kv4.1-encoded IAchannels in regulating circadian rhythms in neuronal excitability and behavior.</jats:p
Non-Gorenstein isolated singularities of graded countable Cohen-Macaulay type
In this paper we show a partial answer the a question of C. Huneke and G.
Leuschke (2003): Let R be a standard graded Cohen-Macaulay ring of graded
countable Cohen-Macaulay representation type, and assume that R has an isolated
singularity. Is R then necessarily of graded finite Cohen-Macaulay
representation type? In particular, this question has an affirmative answer for
standard graded non-Gorenstein rings as well as for standard graded Gorenstein
rings of minimal multiplicity. Along the way, we obtain a partial
classification of graded Cohen-Macaulay rings of graded countable
Cohen-Macaulay type.Comment: 15 Page
Finite-Temperature Fractional D2-Branes and the Deconfinement Transition in 2+1 Dimensions
The supergravity dual to N regular and M fractional D2-branes on the cone
over \mathbb{CP}^3 has a naked singularity in the infrared. One can resolve
this singularity and obtain a regular fractional D2-brane solution dual to a
confining 2+1 dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric field theory. The confining
vacuum of this theory is described by the solution of Cvetic, Gibbons, Lu and
Pope. In this paper, we explore the alternative possibility for resolving the
singularity - the creation of a regular horizon. The black-hole solution we
find corresponds to the deconfined phase of this dual gauge theory in three
dimensions. This solution is derived in perturbation theory in the number of
fractional branes. We argue that there is a first-order deconfinement
transition. Connections to Chern--Simons matter theories, the ABJM proposal and
fractional M2-branes are presented.Comment: v3: analytic solutions are expose
Matrix Models for Supersymmetric Chern-Simons Theories with an ADE Classification
We consider N=3 supersymmetric Chern-Simons (CS) theories that contain
product U(N) gauge groups and bifundamental matter fields. Using the matrix
model of Kapustin, Willett and Yaakov, we examine the Euclidean partition
function of these theories on an S^3 in the large N limit. We show that the
only such CS theories for which the long range forces between the eigenvalues
cancel have quivers which are in one-to-one correspondence with the simply
laced affine Dynkin diagrams. As the A_n series was studied in detail before,
in this paper we compute the partition function for the D_4 quiver. The D_4
example gives further evidence for a conjecture that the saddle point
eigenvalue distribution is determined by the distribution of gauge invariant
chiral operators. We also see that the partition function is invariant under a
generalized Seiberg duality for CS theories.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures; v2 refs added; v3 conventions in figure 3
altered, version to appear in JHE
Glueballs, symmetry breaking and axionic strings in non-supersymmetric deformations of the Klebanov-Strassler background
We obtain an analytic solution for an axionic non-supersymmetric deformation
of the warped deformed conifold. This allows us to study D-strings in the
infrared limit of non-supersymmetric deformations of the Klebanov-Strassler
background. They are interpreted as axionic strings in the dual field theory.
Following the arguments of [hep-th/0405282], the axion is a massless
pseudo-scalar glueball which is present in the supergravity fluctuation
spectrum and it is interpreted as the Goldstone boson of the spontaneously
broken U(1) baryon number symmetry, being the gauge theory on the baryonic
branch. Besides, we briefly discuss about the Pando Zayas-Tseytlin solution
where the SU(2) \times SU(2) global symmetry is spontaneously broken. This
background has been conjectured to be on the mesonic branch of the gauge
theory.Comment: 30 pages; V2: minor corrections; V3: section 3 corrected and
misprints corrected to match version published in JHE
Diffusion in an Expanding Plasma using AdS/CFT
We consider the diffusion of a non-relativistic heavy quark of fixed mass M,
in a one-dimensionally expanding and strongly coupled plasma using the AdS/CFT
duality. The Green's function constructed around a static string embedded in a
background with a moving horizon, is identified with the noise correlation
function in a Langevin approach. The (electric) noise decorrelation is of order
1/T(\tau) while the velocity de-correlation is of order MD(\tau)/T(\tau). For
MD>1, the diffusion regime is segregated and the energy loss is Langevin-like.
The time dependent diffusion constant D(\tau) asymptotes its adiabatic limit
2/\pi\sqrt{\lambda} T(\tau) when \tau/\tau_0=(1/3\eta_0\tau_0)^3 where \eta_0
is the drag coefficient at the initial proper time \tau_0.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures, minor corrections, version to appear in JHE
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