Flavonoids: Important Biocompounds in Food

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites in plants that show some desirable characteristics. These compounds can be grouped in different classes on the basis of their basic structure. It has been reported that flavonoids are important for human health because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory activities and because they act as free radical scavengers as they are potential reducing agents that protect from oxidative damage, which are conferred by the content of hydroxyl groups. In recent years, flavonoids have been investigated based on their ability to reduce the incidence of many diseases, to inhibit cell damage, to repair DNA process and to reduce oxidative stress. Besides, flavonoids have been demonstrated to have cardioprotective effects, have potential to improve coronary vasodilatation and prevent LDLs from oxidizing and also showed potential neuroprotective effects. Moreover, flavonoids have been used in the food industry due to their ability to preserve foods, to provide colour and flavour and to make dietary supplements, among other important industrial applications

Monitorización de la oximetría del bulbo de la yugular

La monitorización de sangre de la yugular interna para determinar la oxigenación cerebral ha recobrado interés, pues permite una estimación global del balance entre aporte y demanda de oxígeno del cerebro. La medida directa de la presión arterial se considera como una necesidad. Sin embargo, no siempre es posible lograr un acceso arterial o incluso monitorizar la presión arterial no invasiva. La importancia clínico fisiológica y las técnicas descritas en este trabajo, así como las experiencias nacionales e internacionales al respecto, nos permiten conocer que la mayor utilidad de la monitorización de la SvyO2 es la detección de isquemia cerebral y la implementación de un tratamiento adecuado y temprano. La introducción de la oximetría del bulbo yugular permite la estimación del balance entre el aporte y la demanda de O2 del cerebro. Esta monitorización en tiempo real posibilita la mejoría del entorno fisiológico del cerebro y puede mejorar el resultado final del paciente; sin embargo, deben considerarse sus limitaciones

Factores de riesgo relacionados con la mortalidad en la neumonía asociada a la ventilación

Sobre un trabajo previo realizado en nuestro Servicio y con el mismo formato se decidió extender el estudio a 5 años; se analizaron 782 pacientes ventilados por 48 horas o más y se identificó la frecuencia de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación (NAV), con el objetivo de conocer la incidencia y los factores de riesgo relacionados con la mortalidad en la NAV en nuestro Servicio. La NAV se presentó en 69,9% de los pacientes con mortalidad de 71%.Tanto el promedio de días de hospitalización previo al ingreso en la UCI como la estadía en ésta fue superior en los pacientes fallecidos con NAV. Los factores de riesgo relacionados con la mortalidad fueron: edad mayor o igual a 55 años (p&lt;0,05), ventilación mecánica por 5 días o más (p&lt;0,001), no movilización durante la ventilación (p&lt;0,001), toma de conciencia (p&lt;0,001), uso de transfusiones de glóbulos rojos (p&lt;0,005) y fallo multiorgánico (p&lt;0,001).Palabras clave : Factor de riesgo, Mortalidad, Neumonía asociada a la ventilación.</p

Reanimación cardiopulmonar: Resultados en el Centro de Urgencias Médicas

Con el propósito de determinar la eficacia de la reanimación cardiopulmonar,realizamos un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo en el Centro de Urgencias Médicas del Hospital Carlos J. Finlay del Municipio Marianao, en el período comprendido de enero a diciembre del 2001. Nuestro universo de estudio lo conformaron los 85 pacientes con el diagnóstico de Paro Cardiorrespiratorio que ingresaron en las salas del Centro de Urgencias en este período. Para el cálculo estadístico porcentual , se utilizó el contraste de medias y el tiempo promedio calculados con la ayuda del paquete estadístico Epidat. Estos pacientes, reanimados en el Centro de Urgencias se encontraban en edades comprendidas entre 60 y 69 años y del sexo masculino, siendo la Hipertensión Arterial y la Cardiopatía Isquémica las enfermedades subyacentes más importantes. La mayoría de los paros se inició en la sala de Cuidados Intensivos especiales y la reanimación se concluye en el sitio de inicio del evento, excepto para los que se inició fuera del centro de urgencias. El medicamento más utilizado fue la epinefrina a dosis elevadas con dos aplicaciones y la supervivencia se corresponde con lo reportado internacionalmente y la mayoría de los pacientes que sobrevive lo hace con una buena capacidad funcional cerebral. El promedio de tiempo entre el inicio del evento y de la reanimación, de la aplicación de la primera dosis de adrenalina y del inicio de la desfibrilación fue significativamente superior en los pacientes fallecidos.Palabras clave: Paro cardiorrespiratorio, reanimación, Centro de Urgencias Médicas. </span

Molecular Characterization of the Lipid Genome-Wide Association Study Signal on Chromosome 18q11.2 Implicates HNF4A-Mediated Regulation of the TMEM241 GeneHighlights

We recently identified a locus on chromosome 18q11.2 for high serum triglycerides (TGs) in Mexicans. We hypothesize that the lead GWAS single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9949617, or its linkage disequilibrium (LD) proxies, regulate one of the 5 genes in the TG-associated region

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median $z\sim 0.03$). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between $z\sim 0.6$ and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July

Determinants of penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic metabolic conditions across 77,184 exomes

Penetrance of variants in monogenic disease and clinical utility of common polygenic variation has not been well explored on a large-scale. Here, the authors use exome sequencing data from 77,184 individuals to generate penetrance estimates and assess the utility of polygenic variation in risk prediction of monogenic variants