Inclusion of macroalgae meal (Macrocystis pyrifera) as feed ingredient for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effect on flesh fatty acid composition

The use of macroalgae as an additional component in animal feeding has been studied. However, information on how it could influence muscle composition of fish body is scarce. This study evaluates four diets with different macroalgae inclusion levels (0%, 1.5%, 3% and 6%) to test the effect on body fatty acid composition of rainbow trout. Tanks with a volume of 600 L were stocked with 60.6 ± 7.9 g fish at a density of 45 individuals tank-1 and fed for 124 days. At the end of the experiment there were not significant differences (P<0.05) in muscle proximate composition among fish fed the different treatments. However, it was determined that inclusion of 3% and 6% of macroalgae meal resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in muscle. In summary, macroalgae meal in rainbow trout diets do not enhance the quantity of protein and lipid contents at muscle level but an addition of 3-6% might contribute to increase the level of PUFAs, specially EPA, DHA and LIN. Thus, use of macroalgae meal might help to increase lipid quality content in the final product due the beneficial effects of PUFAs for human health

Effect of EPA/DHA ratios on the growth and survival of Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns, 1842) larvae reared under different salinity regimes

Despite the importance of certain highly unsaturated fatty acids in osmotic regulation, few studies have been addressed to determine the essential fatty acid requirements for a given species cultured under different salinities. As Galaxias maculatus is a diadromic species, the present study aimed to determine the effect of salinity on the optimum dietary EPA/docosahexaenoic (DHA) ratio for survival and growth during the larval stages. Larvae were fed for 20 days with rotifers containing two different EPA/DHA ratios (low: 0.64 and high: 2.18) at three different salinities (0, 10 and 15 g L-1). The results of this study showed a marked effect of water salinity on larval dietary lipid utilization in G. maculatus larvae. These results suggested that G. maculatus larvae reared at higher salinities may have a higher dietary requirement for DHA, whereas larvae reared at 0‰ showed higher requirements for EPA. The overall results of the present study indicate that even small changes in salinity can determine the optimum dietary EPA/DHA ratio and the quantitative essential fatty requirements of fish. This may have important repercussions and affect the rearing performance of G. maculatus cultured under different salinities. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Feeding high inclusion of whole grain white lupin (Lupinus albus) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth, nutrient digestibility, liver and intestine histology and muscle fatty acid composition

The effect of dietary inclusion of whole grain white lupin (Lupinus albus) on growth performance, histology, muscle fatty acid composition and nutrient digestibility was investigated in an 11-week growth and a 4-week digestibility trial with rainbow trout (initial body weight of 54.0 ± 6.2 and 181.9 ± 3.4g respectively). Four experimental extruded diets were formulated to contain 0%, 30%, 40% and 50% of whole grain lupin and fed to triplicate groups of fish twice a day until apparent satiation. Faeces were collected daily from each digestibility tank by decantation. No significant trends were observed with respect to growth, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients or whole-body composition (P>0.05). Conversely, increasing levels of dietary lupin led to significant decreases in the Hepatosomatic index (R2=0.75, P<0.05) and slight lipid infiltration into hepatocytes and enterocytes. Muscle fatty acid compositions were slightly affected by the dietary treatment. Polynomial regression of dietary inclusion of lupin and muscle fatty acid concentrations showed an increase in C18:1n-9, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 and a decrease in C20:5n-3 with increasing dietary lupin level. These results demonstrated that whole grain lupin can be included up to 50% in commercial rainbow trout diets without negative effects. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Incorporation of whole lupin, Lupinus albus, seed meal in commercial extruded diets for Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Effect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and muscle fatty acid composition

Whole lupin seed meal was evaluated as partial replacement for fishmeal in extruded diets for rainbow trout, with particular emphasis on the effect on growth performance and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and energy. Effect on muscle fatty acid composition was also evaluated. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and to contain approximately 45% crude protein and 5.5 kcal energy g/diet. Diets were formulated to include whole lupin seed meal at 0, 10, 15, and 20%. Triplicate groups of fish weighing 65.9 ± 15.1 g on average were fed twice a day until apparent satiation during 12 wk. Growth, feed intake, hepatosomatic index, hepatic histology, proximate composition of whole body, and muscular fatty acid profile were determined. Growth and feed utilization were similar in all treatments and whole-body composition did not vary among treatments. Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-6 and n-3 series remained constant in muscle as the amount of lupin in diets increased. Furthermore, the ADCs were similar among all diets. These results suggest that inclusion of whole lupin seed meal up to 20% in extruded diets for rainbow trout do not have any negative effect on growth, feed performance, or flesh quality. © Copyright by the World Aquaculture Society 201

Efectos del autoclave sobre el coeficiente de digestibilidad aparente de la harina descascarada de arveja (Pisum sativum) en trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effect of autoclaving on the nutrients’ apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), digestible protein and energy of pea seed meal (P. sativum) fed to Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) was examined. Two samples of the pea meal were autoclaved at 121ºC and 1.1 atm for 5 min (5’APM) or 15 min (15’APM), respectively. A third sample, used as control, was not treated (RPM). One reference diet (Basal diet) and 3 experimental diets were elaborated and labelled based on autoclaving time applied to the ingredient (RPM, 5’APM and 15’APM). The four diets were assigned using a completely randomised design, with each treatment having three replicates. 12 tanks were stocked each with 15 trouts with an average weight of 235 ± 10.4 g. Faeces were collected over a 7-day period using a settlement column and pooled within the tank. ADCs were determined using chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as an inert digestibility indicator. No significant differences (P>0.05) regarding protein ADC were found among all treatments. On the other hand, dry matter, energy and nitrogen free extract (NFE) ADC showed significant differences (p0,05) con respecto a los CDAs de proteína entre los tratamientos. Por otra parte, los CDAs de materia seca, energía y extracto no nitrogenado (ENN) fueron estadísticamente diferentes (P<0,05). Los resultados demostraron que el tratamiento 5’APM incrementó el CDA de materia seca, además de energía y proteína digestible de la harina descascarada de arveja

Dolor retroesternal y fiebre con síntomas catarrales; un caso de mediastinitis por Haemophilus influenzae

The case that happens intends to emphasize a potentially fatal pathology. The delay in the diagnosis of this entity potentially influences both the management and the prognosis. A 38-year-old male with no history goes to the Emergency Department for fever, high catarrhal symptoms and retrosternal chest pain. He was stable but febrile and the analytical revealed elevation of acute phase reactants. A CT scan was requested under suspicion of mediastinitis that confirmed the diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy was initiated and an expectant attitude was taken. The precocity of the diagnosis allowed a conservative treatment.El caso que acontece pretende enfatizar en una patología potencialmente mortal. La demora en el diagnóstico de esta entidad influye tanto en el manejo como en el pronóstico. Un varón de 38 años sin antecedentes acudió al Servicio de Urgencias por fiebre, síntomas catarrales altos y dolor torácico retroesternal. Se encontraba estable, pero febril, y la analítica reveló elevación de reactantes de fase aguda. Se solicitó TAC, bajo la sospecha de mediastinitis, que confirmó el diagnóstico. Se inició antibioterapia y se tomó una actitud expectante. La precocidad del diagnóstico permitió un tratamiento conservador

Epistemología dialógica de las ciencias administrativas

Artículo de reflexiónEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar y reflexionar sobre la epistemología de las ciencias de la administración de tal forma que contribuya al desarrollo de los investigadores en las escuelas de administración de negocios. A partir de una declarada crisis de la epistemología en general y de las ciencias administrativas en particular en las escuelas de administración, en este análisis se cuestiona las posibilidades de integrar y complementar los diferentes acercamientos, desde el positivismo centrado en lo cuantitativo en un extremo hasta el normativo con un enfoque cualitativo, pasando por toda la gama de epistemologías. Igualmente se analizan las tendencias recientes de la epistemología gené- tica, de la complejidad, abierta. Se avanza la posibilidad de desarrollar un paradigma epistemológico más plural, ecléctico, transdisciplinario y sinérgico bajo un nuevo enfoque de epistemología dialógica

Caracterização psicossocial de pacientes em risco suicida

Depression is a disease that has been present for all time and suicide has been associated with it. This research was carried out with the aim of characterizing the biopsychosocial status of patients with suicide risk. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out in patients with suicide risk in the health area corresponding to the polyclinic "Faustino Pérez Hernández" in the municipality of Buey Arriba in 2019. The universe was 33 patients. The variables studied were: age, sex, family functioning, personal or family history of suicide attempt and depression. Female patients predominated (54, 54%) and the group from 48 to 57 years of age (27.27%); it turned out that 39.30% of the patients came from a dysfunctional family, 66.60% had parents or siblings with suicide attempts; depression levels were high as a trait (39.3%) and high as a state (57.5%). It is concluded that the suicide risk in the study population was characterized by being more frequent in the female sex, especially in patients with family dysfunction, relatives with a history of suicide attempts and a state of high depression as a trait and state.La depresión es una enfermedad que ha estado presente en todos los tiempos y aparejado a ella ha estado el suicidio. Se realizó esta investigación con el objetivo de caracterizar el estado biopsicosocial de los pacientes con riesgo suicida. A través de un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en pacientes con riesgo suicida del área de salud correspondiente al policlínico “Faustino Pérez Hernández” del municipio Buey Arriba en el año 2019. El universo fue de 33 pacientes. Las variables a estudiar fueron: edad, sexo, funcionamiento familiar, antecedentes personales o familiares de intento suicida y depresión. Predominaron los pacientes del sexo femenino (54, 54 %) y el grupo de 48 a 57 años de edad (27,27 %); resultó que el 39,30 % de los pacientes provenían de una familia disfuncional; el 66,60 % tenían padres o hermanos con intentos suicidas; los niveles de depresión fueron alto como rasgo (39,3 %) y alto como estado (57,5 %). Se concluye que el riesgo suicida en la población de estudio se caracterizó por ser más frecuentes en el sexo femenino, sobre todo en pacientes con disfunción familiar, familiares con antecedentes de intentos suicidas y un estado de depresión alto como rasgo y estado.A depressão é uma doença que esteve presente em todos os momentos e tem sido associada a ela. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de caracterizar o estado biopsicossocial de pacientes em risco suicida. Estudo observacional descritivo transversal foi realizado em pacientes com risco suicida da área de saúde correspondente à policlínica "Faustino Pérez Hernández" do município de Ox Arriba em 2019. O universo era de 33 pacientes. As variáveis a serem estudada foram: idade, sexo, funcionamento familiar, histórico pessoal ou familiar de tentativa de suicídio e depressão. Predominaram pacientes do sexo feminino (54, 54%) e o grupo de 48 a 57 anos (27,27%); verá-se que 39,30% dos pacientes vieram de uma família disfuncional; 66,60% tinham pais ou irmãos com tentativas de suicídio; os níveis de depressão eram elevados como característica (39,3%) estado (57,5%). Conclui-se que o risco suicida na população do estudo foi caracterizado por ser mais comum no sexo feminino, especialmente em pacientes com disfunção familiar, familiares com histórico de tentativas de suicídio e estado de alta depressão como traço e estado

STRATEGIC INTERNATIONALIZATION OF MEXICAN EMERGING MULTINATIONALS

The opening of the Mexican economy and globalization bring new opportunities for Mexican companies to expand their markets and get their products around the world. The internationalization process requires a sound strategy for the consolidation in foreign markets. The aim of this study is to analyze the different internationalization strategies followed by three Mexican companies with a global presence: Grupo Modelo, Grupo Bimbo and Cemex. We conclude that the differences in their strategies arise from the characteristics of each of these companies

Effects of pH and ionic strength on the protease activity of gastric extracts from the Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch

The activity of fish acid proteases is strongly dependent on the pH, and many basic and applied works had focused on researching the pH-profile of digestive proteases using different buffered media. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity is also known to be affected by the ionic strength (IS) of the medium. The present work is aimed at researching the combined effects of pH (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 3.75 and 4.0) and IS (50, 100 and 200 mM) on the protease activity of gastric extracts of juvenile Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. It is concluded that the activity of Coho salmon gastric proteases is maximal at pH 2.5-3.0, drops towards pH 4.0 irrespective of ionic strength, and they showed a lower activity at IS 50 mM in comparison to IS 100 or 200 mM. The present results point out to the convenience of considering the effect of ionic strength when measuring the activity of fish gastric proteases