La guerre du Golfe, la presse et les cartes en Équateur: la banalisation d'un conflit multinational (janvier 1991)

Cette première guerre retransmise «en direct» par les chaînes de télévision du monde entier — ce qui n’exclut pas la censure —, se caractérise par la quasi-unicité des sources d’information primaire, la recherche du sensationnalisme et la banalisation d’affrontements multinationaux. Le dépouillement des deux principaux quotidiens équatoriens permet de lier le volume d’information aux phases des hostilités et d’analyser le langage cartographique et les messages à transmettre à l’humanité

Intégration régionale et politique des outre-mers

Grâce à ses outre-mers, qui lui apportent 96% de sa zone économique exclusive, la France dispose du troisième domaine maritime du monde et assure une présence sur tous les océans. Cependant, les outre-mers ne jouent plus qu'un rôle mineur dans la politique des océans. Ce paradoxe s'explique en partie par les difficultés qu'ils rencontrent à s'insérer dans les échanges internationaux et à s'intégrer aux organisations régionales. Les différences de niveaux de développement socioéconomique avec les pays voisins contribuent à isoler les outre-mers dans leur environnement immédiat

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe

O princípio da precaução e a gestão dos riscos ambientais: contribuições e limitações dos modelos econômicos

Neste artigo apresentam-se os modelos mais relevantes que têm sido desenvolvidos para a interpretação econômica do princípio da precaução e a sua aplicação, com vista a conhecer as suas contribuições para o debate sobre a precaução e discutir a sua relevância prática para a decisão pública. Analisam-se igualmente suas virtualidades e principais limitações. Identificam-se também algumas ações que visam ultrapassar as limitações existentes. O conceito de precaução tem presentemente grande relevância na regulação ambiental em muitos países. É, no entanto, ainda vaga a legislação a respeito da aplicação do princípio da precaução na tomada de decisão relativa à gestão dos riscos ambientais. Por isso, tem sido largamente referida a necessidade de dispor de quadros reguladores para a implementação operacional deste princípio que clarifiquem conceitos e procedimentos adequados à natureza dos riscos ambientais

Protocol for a partially nested randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the scleroderma patient-centered intervention network COVID-19 home-isolation activities together (SPIN-CHAT) program to reduce anxiety among at-risk scleroderma patients

Objective: Contagious disease outbreaks and related restrictions can lead to negative psychological outcomes, particularly in vulnerable populations at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions. No randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have tested interventions to reduce mental health consequences of contagious disease outbreaks. The primary objective of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Home-isolation Activities Together (SPIN-CHAT) Trial is to evaluate the effect of a videoconference-based program on symptoms of anxiety. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on symptoms of depression, stress, loneliness, boredom, physical activity, and social interaction.Methods: The SPIN-CHAT Trial is a pragmatic RCT that will be conducted using the SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort, a sub-cohort of the SPIN Cohort. Eligible participants will be SPIN-COVID-19 Cohort participants without a positive COVID-19 test, with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety 4a v1.0 T-score >= 55), not working from home, and not receiving current counselling or psychotherapy. We will randomly assign 162 participants to intervention groups of 7 to 10 participants each or waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups but not in the waitlist control. The SPIN-CHAT Program includes activity engagement, education on strategies to support mental health, and mutual participant support. Intervention participants will receive the 4-week (3 sessions per week) SPIN-CHAT Program via video-conference. The primary outcome is PROMIS Anxiety 4a score immediately post-intervention.Ethics and dissemination: The SPIN-CHAT Trial will test whether a brief videoconference-based intervention will improve mental health outcomes among at-risk individuals during contagious disease outbreak

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.National Institutes of HealthVoRSUNY DownstatePsychiatry and Behavioral SciencesInstitute for Genomics in HealthN/

Espace et pouvoir bancaire : le cas de Quito (1950/1987)

Cette étude ne prétend pas aborder l'analyse économique du secteur bancaire -liens entre ce dernier et les profondes mutations d'ordre structurel qui ont transformé le pays à partir des années cinquante, analyse des flux de capitaux et de l'extension du réseau bancaire, corrélation entre les mouvements de capitaux et la distribution de la population en fonction des différenciations morphologiques et sociales,...- mais étudier l'évolution de l'implantation géographique de l'armature bancaire e..