Shanghai and the experience of war: <br />The refugee problem

Shanghai was probably the first large metropolis to experience large-scale modern warfare in its very midst. Bitter and brutal fighting raged for three months in and around the city, with intense bombings from ships and planes. The war threw literally hundred of thousands of people on the streets. As war expanded to the countryside, millions became refugees. This paper is concerned with the massive and sudden transformation of Shanghai residents into refugees and its impact on the city and its resources. In the first part, I address the issue of war in Shanghai and its past experience with refugee issues. I argue that 1937 created an entirely new situation no authority was prepared to meet. The second part is devoted to a study of the refugee population, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. In fact, those who found refuge in camps -- a small part of the refugees – do not reflect the normal structure of the local population. The last part is concerned with the challenges refugee camps had to face to maintain alive a huge destitute population with limited resources in an overcrowded urban space engulfed in war

Productivity and labor management <br />in Shanghai state-owned industrial enterprises

The present paper is based on a large three-year survey we carried out among Shanghai SOEs from 1989 to 1992, with a follow-up to 1995. We tried to assess the extent of the reforms, their impact, and the capacity of Shanghai SOEs to adapt to a more competitive environment. In this paper, I shall focus on one aspect of SOEs' management, namely the issue of productivity. Low and declining productivity has been one of the major features of SOEs in China and in Shanghai. By the time of our survey, Shanghai SOEs had been under reform for 8 years (1984-1992). Reforms in management, labor, marketing should have brought substantial changes. They had a serious impact indeed, but they failed to materialize into a real rejuvenation of SOEs

War and economics: The control of material resources in the lower Yangzi and Shanghai area between 1937 and 1945

This paper was prepared in 2000. I updated it for the AAS conference in 2002. All comments and suggestions welcome. It will be submitted to an academic journal. For quotations, please use the HAL URL.This paper establishes that during the Sino-Japanese war (1937-1945), the Central China areas came under various "state" schemes to control the production and sale of essential materials resources. The major actors were the Japanese army and its companies, and later on the various agencies set up by the Wang Jingwei government. This attempt at a "controlled economy" only led to a disorganization of the economy, widespread corruption and a waste of resources. Shanghai, the economic engine of the area, came to full paralysis by the end of 1944

Prostitution et Vox literati à Shangaï avant la Première Guerre mondiale

Cet article examine les formes du discours des lettrés chinois sur la prostitution de la fin du XIXe siècle à la Première Guerre mondiale. Il met en lumière le caractère ambivalent de ce discours qui, centré sur les courtisanes - la strate supérieure du monde de la prostitution - constitue une forme d’apologie ou de vision positive de la prostitution. Cette vision a pour partie imprégné la représentation collective de la prostitution en Chine. Toutefois cette représentation univoque masque un discours « en creux » clairement critique, voire méprisant, à l’égard de la prostitution ordinaire. Ce discours ambivalent a donné prise à une remise en cause progressive à mesure que l’évolution sociale et intellectuelle minait le statut des courtisanes et qu’une nouvelle vision issue des nouveaux média (essentiellement la presse) faisait de la prostitution un enjeu du débat public.This paper examines the forms of discourse on prostitution by the Chinese literati from the end of the 19th century to the First World War. It highlights the ambivalent nature of a discourse that focused on the courtesans - the upper stratum of the world of prostitution - and, as a result, provided a kind of apology or positive view of prostitution. This vision has by and large permeated the collective perception of prostitution in Chinese society. This univocal discourse, however, overwrites another « sub-discourse » - one that appears by default - that is clearly critical, or even demeaning, on common prostitution. This ambivalent discourse was exposed to increasing criticisms as social and intellectual change undermined the status of courtesans and a new vision nurtured by the new media, especially the press, made prostitution an object of public debate

《上海租界公墓研究（1844-1949年）》 (‘The Colonial Space of Death in Shanghai’)

摘要：本文论述了自南京条约签订以来上海租界公墓的发展，侧重考察公墓的管理及变迁，希望借此揭示殖民主义在上海的运作情况。文章重点探讨了公共租界工部局和法国租界公董局如何制定死亡人口政策，如何利用各种特权确定安葬死者的场所以及如何应付城市变迁及人口增长。公墓的建立最初是专门为了满足外国移民或海员的丧葬需要。英美工部局和法国公董局对公墓的控制引进了一个新的维度，因为公墓成为制定政策法规的对象。外国当局精心安置主流群体中的亡故者，对于来自殖民地的团体或者来沪难民死者却漠不关心。公墓还是争权和竞争的地方，国别不同，人享受到的权利就不同，不管是死亡还是活着。 关键词：上海租界 公墓 公董局 工部局 死

Cartoons and collaboration in wartime China: the mobilization of Chinese cartoonists under Japanese occupation

The work of Chinese cartoonists who published their illustrations in the popular press in occupied China from 1937 to 1945 has largely escaped the attention of scholars of both the occupation itself and the broader field of cartoon history. This article seeks to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing how the very nature of the occupation, together with efforts undertaken by collaborationist governments such as that of Wang Jingwei, created a context in which a particular body of artists could continue to draw. In so doing, the article raises questions about the place of “collaborationist” cartoonists in the broader development of art and propaganda in China and about the very nature of collaboration in the Chinese context

James Lee et Cameron Campbell, Fate and Fortune in Rural China. Social and Population Behavior in Liaoning, I774-1873

Henriot Christian. James Lee et Cameron Campbell, Fate and Fortune in Rural China. Social and Population Behavior in Liaoning, I774-1873. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 47 N°3, Juillet-septembre 2000. pp. 656-658

Workshop international : Clusters industriels et pôles de compétitivité

Transformations des modes de gouvernance locaux et évolution des systèmes d’intervention publique en Chine  - 22 et 23 mars à l’ENS-Lyon, Salle F104 A l’occasion de la clôture d’un projet de recherche international financé par la Région Rhône-Alpes, un workshop se tiendra les 22 et 23 mars 2012. Croisant les perspectives et les pratiques, ce workshop vise à mieux comprendre la complexité des formes d’intervention publique et des modes de gouvernance locaux en Chine, au travers des évolutions..

An artistic rendering of the Shanghai Bund

One of the marvels of the Internet is the unlimited supply of new materials on any topic. Shanghai keeps attracting the attention of scholars, journalists, and...artists. Simon Fieldhouse is an Australian artist specializing in drawings of historical monuments and sites, although he produces a wider range of art works.Among his rich body of works, Simon Fieldhouse produced a complete series of drawings of the historical buildings on the Shanghai Bund, with a skyline of the whole Bund and an a..