Photoionization of gases in the Extreme Ultraviolet

The total photoionization cross sections of Ar, O2 and N2 in Extreme Ultraviolet were determined.Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 199

An investigation of the two-dimensional neutron noise field generated by a moving neutron absorber using the UTR-10 reactor

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1046192

Internet Privacy and Institutional Trust: Insights From a National Survey

What does the US public believe about the credibility of institutional actors when it comes to protecting information privacy online? Drawing on perspectives of environmental risk, this article addresses the question through a nationally representative telephone survey of 1200 adults who go online at home. A key result is that a substantial percentage of internet users believes that major corporate or government institutions will both help them to protect information privacy and take that privacy away by disclosing information to other parties without permission. This finding and others raise questions about the dynamics of risk-perception and institutional trust on the web

Consumers’ Understanding of Privacy Rules in the Marketplace

Studies suggest the general structure of Web sites leads consumers away from demanding that online merchants take certain approaches to privacy as a condition for dealing with them. This article presents findings from a nationally representative survey showing that the absence of such a privacy marketplace can also be attributed to the public’s incomplete knowledge of privacy regulations. Most respondents correctly understood that regulations regarding merchants’ sharing information are domain specific. The respondents were only sporadically correct, however, regarding which domains have which rules. The study raises questions about the best approaches to education in the absence of a coherent national policy of privacy regulation

The Tradeoff Fallacy - How Marketers Are Misrepresenting American Consumers and Opening Them up to Exploitation

New survey results indicate that marketers are misrepresenting a large majority of Americans by claiming that Americans give out information about themselves as a tradeoff for benefits they receive. To the contrary, the survey reveals most Americans do not believe that ‘data for discounts’ is a square deal. The findings also suggest, in contrast to other academics’ claims, that Americans’ willingness to provide personal information to marketers cannot be explained by the public’s poor knowledge of the ins and outs of digital commerce. In fact, people who know more about ways marketers can use their personal information are more likely rather than less likely to accept discounts in exchange for data when presented with a real-life scenario. Our findings, instead, support a new explanation: a majority of Americans are resigned to giving up their data—and that is why many appear to be engaging in tradeoffs. Resignation occurs when a person believes an undesirable outcome is inevitable and feels powerless to stop it. Rather than feeling able to make choices, Americans believe it is futile to manage what companies can learn about them. Our study reveals that more than half do not want to lose control over their information but also believe this loss of control has already happened. By misrepresenting the American people and championing the tradeoff argument, marketers give policymakers false justifications for allowing the collection and use of all kinds of consumer data often in ways that the public find objectionable. Moreover, the futility we found, combined with a broad public fear about what companies can do with the data, portends serious difficulties not just for individuals but also—over time—for the institution of consumer commerce. &nbsp

Irish Educational Psychologists' Responses to Supporting Schools Following Critical Incidents: A Psychosocial Analysis

This thesis reports the findings of a research study conducted with educational psychologists (EPs) working in Ireland, exploring the effects on participants of supporting schools following Critical Incidents (CIs). The Study, which adopted a qualitative, psychosocial method (free association narrative interviewing: FANI) was comprised of 13 interviews with practising EPs. The chosen method draws on social psychology and psychoanalysis. The aims of the Study were to examine the effects of CI support work on participants with reference to the various factors at all levels of influence in their lives: intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational. Moreover, the processes at play at each level and their interaction that led to the discerned effects on each participant were explored and reported as case studies. The case studies provide rich accounts of participants’ experiences of CI support work. A cross case, comparative analysis resulted in the emergence of four super ordinate themes: the emotional and physical effects of CI support work on EPs; CI practice issues that require clarification; training, supervision and supports; beliefs about schools’ responses to CIs. In terms of emotional and physical effects, some participants demonstrated effects of CI work associated with vicarious trauma (VT). Moreover, CIs have proved to be an unwelcome intrusion into their personal lives. Role ambiguity on the part of participants and lack of clarity around interagency collaboration were among the issues that caused stress and require clarification. Some EPs raised the potential for training, supervision, professional and organisational supports to mitigate the negative effects of CI support work. Observations and beliefs based on experience about how schools respond to CIs were also gleaned from the interviews. Conclusions regarding the effects of CI support work on EPs were reported followed by implications for EP practice and recommendations to safeguard the wellbeing of EPs in doing this work. The roles of EPs themselves, their colleagues and employers in using best practice strategies to prevent negative effects of CI support work were outlined and discussed.Department of Education & Skills, Irelan

Americans Reject Tailored Advertising and Three Activities That Enable It

This nationally representative telephone (wire-line and cell phone) survey explores Americans\u27 opinions about behavioral targeting by marketers, a controversial issue currently before government policymakers. Behavioral targeting involves two types of activities: following users\u27 actions and then tailoring advertisements for the users based on those actions. While privacy advocates have lambasted behavioral targeting for tracking and labeling people in ways they do not know or understand, marketers have defended the practice by insisting it gives Americans what they want: advertisements and other forms of content that are as relevant to their lives as possible. Contrary to what many marketers claim, most adult Americans (66%) do not want marketers to tailor advertisements to their interests. Moreover, when Americans are informed of three common ways that marketers gather data about people in order to tailor ads, even higher percentages - between 73% and 86% - say they would not want such advertising. Even among young adults, whom advertisers often portray as caring little about information privacy, more than half (55%) of 18-24 years-old do not want tailored advertising. And contrary to consistent assertions of marketers, young adults have as strong an aversion to being followed across websites and offline (for example, in stores) as do older adults. This survey finds that Americans want openness with marketers. If marketers want to continue to use various forms of behavioral targeting in their interactions with Americans, they must work with policymakers to open up the process so that individuals can learn exactly how their information is being collected and used, and then exercise control over their data. We offer specific proposals in this direction. An overarching one is for marketers to implement a regime of information respect toward the public rather than to treat them as objects from which they can take information in order to optimally persuade them