Locating tube blockage that X-ray cannot detect

Alternate choices to X-ray use in detecting foreign materials in metal assemblies are available, including negative radiography, neutron radiography, liquid-crystal inspection and ultrasonics. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are given. Report is valuable in testings and inspections, including heat exchangers and piping systems

Methyl alcohol used as penetrant inspection medium for porous materials

Porous material thoroughly wetted with alcohol shows persistent wet line or area at locations of cracks or porosity. Inspection is qualitative and repeatable, but is used quantitatively with select samples to grade density variations in graphite blocks. Photography is employed to achieve permanent record of results

The Distortion of the Trinity: An Investigation of the Trinity as Evidenced in the Teachings of Three Major Religions

The nature of the Trinity is a central and salvific doctrine within biblical Christianity. The divine nature of the person of God the Father, Son and Holy Spirit is pertinent to Christian teachings and a proper understanding of God is crucial to authentic worship and belief. Cults or heterodoxic religions, such as Mormonism, Jehovah\u27s Witnesses, and Oneness Pentecostalism have discounted, distorted or dismissed the Three-in-One doctrine of the Trinity, as found in classical Christian theism. These false doctrines can affect teachings about justification, sanctification, the role and work of the cross and an understanding of the nature of God. The nature of the Trinity can be better understood after a careful examination of three major cultic offshoots of Christianity and their distortion of the Trinity, as evidenced by their teachings in comparison to Scripture

School refusal behavior: The relationship between functions and symptom sets

The current study examined the relationship between functions of school refusal behavior and internalizing and externalizing symptom sets in a community sample of 200 youth and parents recruited from two truancy settings. The first hypothesis was that youth who endorsed refusing school primarily to avoid stimuli that provoke negative affectivity (function 1) would report more symptoms of generalized anxiety and depression. The second hypothesis was that youth who endorsed refusing school primarily to escape from aversive social or evaluative situations (function 2) would report more symptoms of social anxiety. The third hypothesis was that youth who endorsed refusing school primarily due to attention-getting behavior (function 3) would report more symptoms of separation anxiety. The fourth hypothesis was that parents who reported that their child refused school primarily due to pursuit of tangible reinforcement outside of school (function 4) would report more symptoms of oppositional behavior. High scores on function 1 were associated with higher generalized anxiety and depression symptom scores. Similarly, high scores on function 2 predicted high scores on social anxiety symptoms, and high scores on function 3 predicted high scores on separation iv anxiety symptoms. Finally, parent report demonstrated that high scores on function 4 predicted high scores on oppositional behavior. These results provide important clinical implications regarding assessment and treatment of youth with school refusal behavior in community settings

Building America research benchmark definition: Updated December 2009

To track progress toward aggressive multi-year, whole-house energy savings goals of 40%–70% and on-site power production of up to 30%, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Residential Buildings Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the Building America (BA) Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. Unlike the reference homes used for HERS, ENERGY STAR, and most energy codes, the Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America’s multi-year energy savings goals without the complication of chasing a “moving target.” As time passes, we expect energy codes to become more and more energy efficient compared to the Benchmark as better construction practices and more efficient equipment become commonplace in the market. A series of user profiles, intended to represent the behavior of a “standard” set of occupants, was created for use in conjunction with the Benchmark. The Benchmark is intended for use with detached and attached single-family housing, as well as multi-family housing. Energy analysis of a Prototype compared to the Benchmark can be performed with any software tool that complies with the BA Performance Analysis Procedures (Hendron et al. 2004). In addition, NREL will provide examples of technology packages that can be used to achieve different source energy savings based on BEopt analysis results (Anderson and Roberts 2008). These technology packages, or alternative packages that provide equivalent source energy savings, may be used to demonstrate minimum whole house source energy savings for BA Gate reviews

Highly challenging balance program reduces fall rate in Parkinson disease

Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Phys Ther. 2016 January ; 40(1): 24–30. doi:10.1097/NPT.0000000000000111BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a paucity of effective treatment options to reduce falls in Parkinson disease (PD). Although a variety of rehabilitative approaches have been shown to improve balance, evidence of a reduction in falls has been mixed. Prior balance trials suggest that programs with highly challenging exercises had superior outcomes. We investigated the effects of a theory-driven, progressive, highly challenging group exercise program on fall rate, balance, and fear of falling. METHODS: Twenty-three subjects with PD participated in this randomized cross-over trial. Subjects were randomly allocated to 3 months of active balance exercises or usual care followed by the reverse. During the active condition, subjects participated in a progressive, highly challenging group exercise program twice weekly for 90 minutes. Outcomes included a change in fall rate over the 3-month active period and differences in balance (Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test [Mini-BESTest]), and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I]) between active and usual care conditions. RESULTS: The effect of time on falls was significant (regression coefficient = -0.015 per day, P < 0.001). The estimated rate ratio comparing incidence rates at time points 1 month apart was 0.632 (95% confidence interval, 0.524-0.763). Thus, there was an estimated 37% decline in fall rate per month (95% confidence interval, 24%-48%). Improvements were also observed on the Mini-BESTest (P = 0.037) and FES-I (P = 0.059). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that a theory-based, highly challenging, and progressive exercise program was effective in reducing falls, improving balance, and reducing fear of falling in PD.Video abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A120). TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02302144.This study was funded by the Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (NIH 5P30AG031679). Additional support was provided by the American Parkinson Disease Association (ADPA); ADPAMA Chapter. (NIH 5P30AG031679 - Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center; American Parkinson Disease Association (ADPA); ADPAMA Chapter

Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 19, 2008

To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams

Whole-House Energy Analysis Procedures for Existing Homes: Preprint

This paper describes a proposed set of guidelines for analyzing the energy savings achieved by a package of retrofits or an extensive rehabilitation of an existing home. It also describes certain field test and audit methods that can help establish accurate building system performance characteristics that are needed for a meaningful simulation of whole-house energy use. Several sets of default efficiency values have been developed for older appliances that cannot be easily tested and for which published specifications are not readily available. These proposed analysis procedures are documented more comprehensively in NREL Technical Report TP-550-38238

Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated August 15, 2007

To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end-uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. Unlike the reference homes used for HERS, EnergyStar, and most energy codes, the Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America's multi-year energy savings goals without the complication of chasing a 'moving target'