Memindai Penerapan Bimbingan dan Konseling dengan Pendekatan Multikultural di SMA

Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk memindai penerapan bimbingan dan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural di SMA. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini yaitu, guru BK, Kepala sekolah, para guru, siswa, pengurus OSIS, dan komite sekolah SMA Negeri 1 Palangkaraya. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan pengamatan partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan empat tahap penelitian kualitatif dari Miles dan Hubermann, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, klasifikasi data, dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) tujuan layanan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural adalah memberikan bantuan kepada siswa multikultur untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi dengan baik, 2) jenis-jenis layanan konseling antara lain membantu klien mengembangkan perilaku santun, membantu mengatasi kecemasan, menggali dan potensi siswa, 3) karakteristik khusus yang diterapkan yaitu dengan memberikan layanan konseling individual, 4) layanan konseling dengan pendekatan multikultural telah memanfaatkan secara maksimal berbagai media konseling yang ada

Ambipolar Nernst effect in NbSe2_2

The first study of Nernst effect in NbSe$_2$ reveals a large quasi-particle contribution with a magnitude comparable and a sign opposite to the vortex signal. Comparing the effect of the Charge Density Wave(CDW) transition on Hall and Nernst coefficients, we argue that this large Nernst signal originates from the thermally-induced counterflow of electrons and holes and indicates a drastic change in the electron scattering rate in the CDW state. The results provide new input for the debate on the origin of the anomalous Nernst signal in high-T$_c$ cuprates.Comment: 5 pages including 4 figure

Strong interface-induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene on WS2

Interfacial interactions allow the electronic properties of graphene to be modified, as recently demonstrated by the appearance of satellite Dirac cones in the band structure of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) substrates. Ongoing research strives to explore interfacial interactions in a broader class of materials in order to engineer targeted electronic properties. Here we show that at an interface with a tungsten disulfide (WS2) substrate, the strength of the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in graphene is very strongly enhanced. The induced SOI leads to a pronounced low-temperature weak anti-localization (WAL) effect, from which we determine the spin-relaxation time. We find that spin-relaxation time in graphene is two-to-three orders of magnitude smaller on WS2 than on SiO2 or hBN, and that it is comparable to the intervalley scattering time. To interpret our findings we have performed first-principle electronic structure calculations, which both confirm that carriers in graphene-on-WS2 experience a strong SOI and allow us to extract a spin-dependent low-energy effective Hamiltonian. Our analysis further shows that the use of WS2 substrates opens a possible new route to access topological states of matter in graphene-based systems.Comment: Originally submitted version in compliance with editorial guidelines. Final version with expanded discussion of the relation between theory and experiments to be published in Nature Communication

Extreme Water Velocities: Topographical Amplification of Wave-Induced Flow in the Surf Zone of Rocky Shores

Water velocities as high as 25 m s-1 have been recorded in the surf zone of wave-swept rocky shores-velocities more than twice the phase speed of the breaking waves with which they are associated. How can water travel twice as fast as the waveform that initially induces its velocity? We explore the possibility that the interaction of a wave with the local topography of the shore can greatly amplify the water velocities imposed on intertidal plants and animals. Experiments in a laboratory wave tank show that interactions between bores refracted by a prowlike beach can produce jets in which the velocity is nearly twice the bore\u27s phase speed. This velocity can be further amplified by a factor of 1.3-1.6 if the jet strikes a vertical wall. This type of topographically induced amplification of water velocity could result in substantial spatial variation in wave-induced hydrodynamic forces and might thereby help to explain the patchwork nature of disturbance that is characteristic of intertidal communities

Algoritmos generales para simuladores de cirugía laparoscópica

Recent advances in fields such as modeling of deformable objects, haptic technologies, immersive technologies, computation capacity and virtual environments have created the conditions to offer novel and suitable training tools and learning methods in the medical area. One of these training tools is the virtual surgical simulator, which has no limitations of time or risk, unlike conventional methods of training. Moreover, these simulators allow for the quantitative evaluation of the surgeon performance, giving the possibility to create performance standards in order to define if the surgeon is well prepared to execute a determined surgical procedure on a real patient. This paper describes the development of a virtual simulator for laparoscopic surgery. The simulator allows the multimodal interaction between the surgeon and the surgical virtual environment using visual and haptic feedback devices. To make the experience of the surgeon closer to the real surgical environment a specific user interface was developed. Additionally in this paper we describe some implementations carried out to face typical challenges presented in surgical simulators related to the tradeoff between real-time performance and high realism; for instance, the deformation of soft tissues are simulated using a GPU (Graphics Processor Unit) -based implementation of the mass-spring model. In this case, we explain the algorithms developed taking into account the particular case of a cholecystectomy procedure in laparoscopic surgery.Recientes avances en áreas tales como modelación computacional de objetos deformables, tecnologías hápticas, tecnologías inmersivas, capacidad de procesamiento y ambiente virtuales han proporcionado las bases para el desarrollo de herramientas y métodos de aprendizaje confiables en el entrenamiento médico. Una de estas herramientas de entrenamiento son los simuladores quirúrgicos virtuales, los cuales no tienen limitaciones de tiempo o riesgos a diferencia de los métodos convencionales de entrenamiento. Además, dichos simuladores permiten una evaluación cuantitativa del desempeño del cirujano, dando la posibilidad de crear estándares de desempeño con el fin de definir en qué momento un cirujano está preparado para realizar un determinado procedimiento quirúrgico sobre un paciente. Este artículo describe el desarrollo de un simulador virtual para cirugía laparoscópica. Este simulador permite la interacción multimodal entre el cirujano y el ambiente virtual quirúrgico usando dispositivos de retroalimentación visual y háptica. Para hacer la experiencia del cirujano más cercana a la de una ambiente quirúrgico real se desarrolló una interfaz cirujano-simulador especial. Adicionalmente en este artículo se describen algunas implementaciones que solucionan los problemas típicos cuando se desarrolla un simulador quirúrgico, principalmente relacionados con lograr un desempeño en tiempo real mientras se sacrifica el nivel de realismo de la simulación: por ejemplo, la deformación de los tejidos blandos simulados usando una implementación del modelo masa-resorte en la unidad de procesamiento gráfico. En este caso se describen los algoritmos desarrollados tomando en cuenta la simulación de un procedimiento laparoscópico llamado colecistectomía

Intravenous tPA therapy does not worsen acute intracerebral hemorrhage in mice

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA-approved treatment for reperfusing ischemic strokes. But widespread use of tPA is still limited by fears of inadvertently administering tPA in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Surprisingly, however, the assumption that tPA will worsen ICH has never been biologically tested. Here, we assessed the effects of tPA in two models of ICH. In a mouse model of collagenase-induced ICH, hemorrhage volumes and neurological deficits after 24 hrs were similar in saline controls and tPA-treated mice, whereas heparin-treated mice had 3-fold larger hematomas. In a model of laser-induced vessel rupture, tPA also did not worsen hemorrhage volumes, while heparin did. tPA is known to worsen neurovascular injury by amplifying matrix metalloproteinases during cerebral ischemia. In contrast, tPA did not upregulate matrix metalloproteinases in our mouse ICH models. In summary, our experimental data do not support the assumption that intravenous tPA has a deleterious effect in acute ICH. However, due to potential species differences and the inability of models to fully capture the dynamics of human ICH, caution is warranted when considering the implications of these findings for human therapy

Nonuniform and coherent motion of superconducting vortices in the picometer-per-second regime

We investigated vortex dynamics in a single-crystal sample of type-II superconductor NbSe$_{2}$ using scanning tunneling microscopy at 4.2 K. The decay of the magnetic field at a few nT/s in our superconducting magnet induced the corresponding motion of vortices at a few pm/s. Starting with an initial magnetic field of 0.5 T, we continued to observe motion of vortices within a field of view of 400$\times$400 nm$^2$ subject to decay of the magnetic field over a week. Vortices moved collectively, and maintained triangular lattices due to strong vortex-vortex interactions during the motion. However, we observed two peculiar characteristics of vortex dynamics in this superconductor. First, the speed and direction of the vortex lattice motion were not uniform in time. Second, despite the non-uniform motion, we also found that there exists an energetically favored configuration of the moving vortices in the single-crystal sample of NbSe$_{2}$ based on the overlaid trajectories and their suppressed speeds. We model the system with weak bulk pinning, strong bulk pinning, and edge barrier effects.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, Physical Review B (R) in press (2011