Changes in attitudes towards reading using the Accelerated Reader Program

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine if attitudes towards reading changed when the Accelerated Reader program was implemented. The study involved six classes of sixth and seventh graders in a six-week period and used a pretest/posttest design to measure changes in attitudes towards reading. A total of 128 students were given permission slips, however only 50 students returned them. These fifty participants completed a reading attitudes survey at the beginning and conclusion of the study. The participants also answered a worksheet with questions about the book that they chose to read. Finally, the students completed reading comprehension quizzes through the Accelerated Reader program. Data analysis was achieved through tallying survey results and comparing three categories: sex, grade level and if a student was at-risk. Totals and percentages were computed on tables and figures using Microsoft Excel. Accelerated Reader proved to be useful in student motivation in reading. Approximately two-thirds of the participants\u27 results affirmed the fact that the Accelerated Reader program was useful in fostering reading motivation

AGO recommendations for the surgical therapy of the axilla after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 2021 Update

For many decades, the standard procedure to treat breast cancer included complete dissection of the axillary lymph nodes. The aim was to determine histological node status, which was then used as the basis for adjuvant therapy, and to ensure locoregional tumour control. In addition to the debate on how to optimise the therapeutic strategies of systemic treatment and radiotherapy, the current discussion focuses on improving surgical procedures to treat breast cancer. As neoadjuvant chemotherapy is becoming increasingly important, the surgical procedures used to treat breast cancer, whether they are breast surgery or axillary dissection, are changing. Based on the currently available data, carrying out SLNE prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended. In contrast, surgical axillary management after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is considered the procedure of choice for axillary staging and can range from SLNE to TAD and ALND. To reduce the rate of false negatives during surgical staging of the axilla in pN+(CNB) stage before NACT and ycN0 after NACT, targeted axillary dissection (TAD), the removal of > 2 SLNs (SLNE, no untargeted axillary sampling), immunohistochemistry to detect isolated tumour cells and micro-metastases, and marking positive lymph nodes before NACT should be the standard approach. This most recent update on surgical axillary management describes the significance of isolated tumour cells and micro-metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and the clinical consequences of low volume residual disease diagnosed using SLNE and TAD and provides an overview of this year's AGO recommendations for surgical management of the axilla during primary surgery and in relation to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

MOTIVE UND HEMMNISSE DER JODSALZVERWENDUNG EINE QUALITATIVE STUDIE IM NATIONALEN BÄCKER- UND FLEISCHERHANDWERK

In der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS) im Jahr 2015 wird von ei-nem unzureichenden Jodstatus bei 30% der deutschen Bevölkerung gesprochen. Back- und Fleischwaren leisten einen deutlichen Beitrag zu der täglichen Salzaufnahme laut der Nationa-len Verzehrsstudie II. Aufgrund ihrer hohen Verzehrsmengen sind diese, sofern mit Jodsalz hergestellt, wichtig im Sinne der Jodprophylaxe. Da die Jodsalzverwendung im Lebensmittel-handwerk unzureichend und kaum erforscht ist, wurden im Rahmen einer qualitativen, explo-rativen Studie Experteninterviews (n=28) mit Personen in leitenden Funktionen des Bäcker- und Fleischerhandwerk geführt, die mithilfe einer strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse nach May-ring ausgewertet wurden. Die Studie zielt darauf ab, Hemmnisse und Beweggründe der Jod-salzverwendung in Bäckereien und Fleischereien zu ermitteln und soll als Beitrag dienen, ge-eignete Maßnahmen zwecks Jodprophylaxe der Bevölkerung zu identifizieren

Maternal inheritance of familial hypercholesterolemia caused by the V408M low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation increases mortality

AbstractObjectiveFetal exposure to maternal hypercholesterolemia increases the extent of fatty-streak formation in fetal aortas as well as the rate of progression, and may therefore increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk later in life. We hypothesized that the risk of CHD in untreated individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is more extreme when the disease is transmitted maternally.MethodsIn a large Dutch pedigree carrying the V408M mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene, 161 individuals over seven generations were identified for which FH status and parent of origin of FH were known. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and compared the consequences of maternal and paternal inheritance of FH by Poisson regression analysis.ResultsMaternally inherited FH was associated with significantly higher excess mortality than FH transmitted by fathers (relative risk 2.2; p=0.048): the SMR of maternal inheritance was 2.49 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–3.99; p=0.001), whereas it was not significantly increased in paternally inherited FH (SMR 1.30, 95% CI 0.65–2.32; p=0.234).ConclusionMortality rates are more increased when FH is inherited through the mother, supporting the fetal origin of adulthood disease hypothesis with all cause death, the most indisputable outcome measure. Future research should explore safe options for cholesterol-lowering therapy of pregnant women with FH in order to prevent unfavourable (epigenetic) consequences leading to atherosclerosis in their children

Maternal inheritance of familial hypercholesterolemia caused by the V408M low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation increases mortality

Objective: Fetal exposure to maternal hypercholesterolemia increases the extent of fatty-streak formation in fetal aortas as well as the rate of progression, and may therefore increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk later in life. We hypothesized that the risk of CHD in untreated individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is more extreme when the disease is transmitted maternally. Methods: In a large Dutch pedigree carrying the V408M mutation in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene, 161 individuals over seven generations were identified for which FH status and parent of origin of FH were known. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and compared the consequences of maternal and paternal inheritance of FH by Poisson regression analysis. Results: Maternally inherited FH was associated with significantly higher excess mortality than FH transmitted by fathers (relative risk 2.2; p = 0.048): the SMR of maternal inheritance was 2.49(95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45-3.99; p = 0.001), whereas it was not significantly increased in paternally inherited FH (SMR 1.30,95% CI 0.65-2.32; p = 0.234). Conclusion: Mortality rates are more increased when FH is inherited through the mother, supporting the fetal origin of adulthood disease hypothesis with all cause death, the most indisputable outcome measure. Future research should explore safe options for cholesterol-lowering therapy of pregnant women with FH in order to prevent unfavourable (epigenetic) consequences leading to atherosclerosis in their children. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

AGO Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with early breast cancer: update 2021

Introduction: The AGO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie, German Gynecological Oncology Group) Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer as an interdisciplinary team consists of specialists from gynecological oncology, pathology, diagnostic radiology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology with a special focus on breast cancer. Methods: The updated evidence-based treatment recommendation 2022 for early breast cancer (EBC) and metastatic breast cancer of the AGO Task Force has been released. Results and Conclusion: This paper captures the update of EBC. (C) 2022 S. Karger AG, Base