High-Resolution Electric-Field-Driven Jet 3D Printing and Applications

Multi-scale and multi-material 3D printing technique has been regarded as a revolutionary technology and a next-generation manufacturing tool, which can really fulfill the “creating material” and “creating life,” especially subvert the traditional product design and the manufacturing method. However, very few of the established additive manufacturing processes possess the capability to fully implement the fabrication of multi-scale and multi-material. A novel high-resolution 3D printing, named as high-resolution electric-field-driven jet 3D printing, which is based on the induced electric field and EHD cone-jetting behavior, has been developed by our research team. It provides a feasible approach to implement the additive manufacturing of multi-scale and multi-material with high efficiency and low cost. This chapter will introduce this new high resolution 3D printing technique. In particular, many typical applications including transparent conducting electrodes, tissue engineering scaffold, 3D electronics, etc., are presented in detail

Rare Helium-Bearing Compound FeO2He Stabilized at Deep-Earth Conditions

There is compelling geochemical evidence for primordial helium trapped in Earth’s lower mantle, but the origin and nature of the helium source remain elusive due to scarce knowledge on viable helium-bearing compounds that are extremely rare. Here we explore materials physics underlying this prominent challenge. Our structure searches in conjunction with first-principles energetic and thermodynamic calculations uncover a remarkable helium-bearing compound FeO2He at high pressure-temperature conditions relevant to the core-mantle boundary. Calculated sound velocities consistent with seismic data validate FeO2He as a feasible constituent in ultralow velocity zones at the lowermost mantle. These mutually corroborating findings establish the first and hitherto only helium-bearing compound viable at pertinent geophysical conditions, thus providing vital physics mechanisms and materials insights for elucidating the enigmatic helium reservoir in deep Earth

Pharmacokinetic study of isoquercitrin in rat plasma after intravenous administration at three different doses

O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um método simples e específico de HPLC usando vitexina como padrão interno para investigar a farmacocinética do isoquercitrina (ISOQ) após três doses diferentes administradas por via intravenosa a ratos. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos foram calculados pelas abordagens compartimental e não compartimental. Os resultados mostraram que ISOQ se encaixa no modelo de três compartimentos. Os valores de AUC aumentaram proporcionalmente na faixa de 5-10 mg·kg-1. Além disso, a meia-vida, b meia-vida, ªCL, MRT0-t and MRT0→∞ de ISOQ em ratos mostraram diferenças significativas entre 20 mg·kg-1 e outras doses, o que significa que ISOQ apresenta farmacocinética dose-dependente no intervalo de 5-10 mg·kg-1 e farmacocinética não linear em doses mais elevadas.The aim of this study is to develop a simple and specific HPLC method using vitexin as the internal standard to investigate the pharmacokinetics of isoquercitrin (ISOQ) after three different doses administrated intravenously to rats. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by both compartmental and non-compartmental approaches. The results showed that ISOQ fitted a three-compartment open model. The values of AUC increased proportionally within the range of 5-10 mg·kg-1. Moreover, a half-life, b half-life, ªCL, MRT0-t and MRT0→∞ of ISOQ in rats showed significant differences between 20 mg·kg-1 and other doses, indicating that ISOQ presented dose-dependent pharmacokinetics in the range of 5-10 mg·kg-1 and non-linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses

Caenorhabditis elegans methionine/S-adenosylmethionine cycle activity is sensed and adjusted by a nuclear hormone receptor

Vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that functions in two metabolic pathways: the canonical propionate breakdown pathway and the methionine/S-adenosylmethionine (Met/SAM) cycle. In Caenorhabditis elegans, low vitamin B12, or genetic perturbation of the canonical propionate breakdown pathway results in propionate accumulation and the transcriptional activation of a propionate shunt pathway. This propionate-dependent mechanism requires nhr-10 and is referred to as \u27B12-mechanism-I\u27. Here, we report that vitamin B12 represses the expression of Met/SAM cycle genes by a propionate-independent mechanism we refer to as \u27B12-mechanism-II\u27. This mechanism is activated by perturbations in the Met/SAM cycle, genetically or due to low dietary vitamin B12. B12-mechanism-II requires nhr-114 to activate Met/SAM cycle gene expression, the vitamin B12 transporter, pmp-5, and adjust influx and efflux of the cycle by activating msra-1 and repressing cbs-1, respectively. Taken together, Met/SAM cycle activity is sensed and transcriptionally adjusted to be in a tight metabolic regime

Preclinical and clinical evidence for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with soybean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a prevalent public health issue, involves the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, which is generally considered to be an early lesion of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Thus, the development of treatments for NAFLD is urgently needed. This study explored the preclinical and clinical evidence of soybeans to alleviate NAFLD. Studies indexed in three relevant databases—Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase—between January 2002 and August 2022 were retrieved. A total of 13 preclinical studies and five RCTs that included 212 animals and 260 patients were included in the present analysis. The preclinical analysis showed that liver function indices (AST, SMD = −1.41, p < 0.0001 and ALT, SMD = −1.47, p < 0.0001) were significantly improved in the soybean group compared to the model group, and fatty liver indicators (TG, SMD = −0.78, p < 0.0001; TC, SMD = −1.38, p < 0.0001) and that oxidative stress indices (MDA, SMD = −1.09, p < 0.0001; SOD, SMD = 1.74, p = 0.022) were improved in the soybean group. However, the five RCTs were not entirely consistent with the preclinical results; however, the results confirmed the protective effect on the liver. The results of the clinical RCTs showed that soybean significantly affected liver function, fatty liver, and oxidative stress indicators (ALT, SMD = −0.42, p = 0.006; TG, SMD = −0.31, p = 0.039; MDA, SMD = −0.76, p = 0.007). The current meta-analysis combined preclinical and clinical studies and verified that soybean could protect the liver in NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and oxidative stress factors via the Akt/AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway. Soybean might be a promising therapeutic agent for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero), identifier (CRD42022335822)