Study on Soybean Resistance to Aphids

Soybean is the principal oil-producing crop in Liaoning Province and northeast of China. Soybean aphid (Aphis Glycines Matsmura) is a common insect pest and occurs almost every year. Aphid damage causes shrinking of young leaves, hampering of roots, dwarfing of stems and leaves, and reduction of pod and kernel numbers in the soybean plant. More than half of yield is lost in a severely damaged field. It is becoming one of the most important constraints to stable and high soybean yield. At present, spraying chemical insecticide is the major method for aphid control. Although it has taken effect, it requires numerous manpower, material and financial resources every year. Furthermore, it causes environmental pollution, is poisonous to people and animals, and injurious to natural enemies of soybean aphid. Pest resistance to constantly used chemical pesticides will reduce control efficiency and will cause an outbreak of pests again. In 1951, Painter, an American scientist, suggested the theory of plant resistance to insect pests after analyzing a large amount of research data, and he aroused the interest of scientists in different countries. Selection and breeding for plant resistance to insects have become basic modes of integrated pest control presently and for the future. From 1979 to 1985, Guo et al. successfully identified the resistance of soybeans to aphids and obtained a quantity of source material. On the basis of that work, this study on plant resistance to aphids was developed.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: He, Fugang, Liu, Xiaodong, Yan, Fanyue, Wang, Yanqin. (1995). Study on Soybean Resistance to Aphids. Liaoning Agricultural Science, 4, 30-34

Optimum Spraying Time and Management Guidelines for Soybean Aphid Control

In Liaoning Province, the population of soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, increases the most rapidly in late June, which is the critical period for aphid control. The current guideline for spraying is 10,000 aphids per100 plants. This guideline may be relaxed to 23,800 - 40,700 for cultivar Tiefeng #18 and to 26,500 – 33,000 for cultivar Liaodou #3 in the plains region found in the middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River. It is difficult to use aphid numbers as a management guideline in agricultural practice. According to our studies, the ratio of infested plants with rolled leaves is closely correlated to the aphid number per 100 plants. The linear regression equation is ? = 4.283 + 1.8419x (r = 0.90), where ? is the rolled leaf ratio and x is the aphid numbers per 100 plants. Therefore, instead of aphid numbers per 100 plants, we propose to use the ratio of plants with rolled leaves as the management guideline for large-scale field control of soybean aphids, which is 10% for Tiefeng #18 and 8% for Liaodou #3.Originating text in Chinese.Citation: He, Fugang, Yan, Fanyyue, Xin, Wanmin, Lii, Xiaoping, Wang, Yanqin, Zhang, Guangxue. (1991). Optimum Spraying Time and Management Guidelines for Soybean Aphid Control. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 18(2), 155-159

Trial Manufacture and Performance Research of Hydraulic Oil Tank for Three Kinds of Non-Metallic Materials

With the increasing demand for lightweight construction machinery, it is of great significance to study non-metallic materials that can replace steel plates to make hydraulic oil tanks (HOTs). To explore the feasibility of making HOTs with three materials—cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), polypropylene (PP), and nylon (PA)—this paper takes 28 L and 115 L volumes commonly used in construction machinery, such as forklifts and loaders, as the design volume and obtains non-metal HOT products of good forming quality by regulating the process parameters. Based on the test methods and evaluation bases of the fuel tank in the national standard, the normal-temperature pressure test, high-temperature pressure test, and low-temperature impact test are designed according to the working conditions of the HOTs. Finally, the non-metallic HOT products are tested. The results show that the rotational molding of XLPE material is the easiest, and products of all sizes can be molded, but the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the products are poor. The low-temperature impact resistance of PP products is poor. PA material can be used to create small HOTs, and the product performance is excellent. This research serves as a valuable reference for the non-metallic and lightweight design of HOTs

Analysis of Natural Heat Dissipation Capacity of Hydraulic Tank and Relevant Influencing Factors

This paper aims to study the natural heat dissipation capacity of a hydraulic tank during its miniaturization revolution. A theoretical model of heat dissipation was built up on the basis of experimental analysis. Then, the natural heat dissipation power was deduced and shown to be relevant. Influencing factors were analyzed, which were the oil height proportion, design proportion, volume, material type, and wall thickness. The results showed that the heat dissipation power is proportional to the height of the oil in the tank. The power increases with the height proportional coefficient k2, while it first decreases and then increases with the length proportional coefficient k1. The lengthwise coefficient obviously has a more significant effect. The influence degree of reduction methods on natural heat dissipation is in the following order: length reduction > equal proportion reduction > height reduction > width reduction. Additionally, when the thermal conductivity λ is greater than 10 W/(m·K), the material and wall thickness of the tank slightly influence the heat dissipation capacity; otherwise, the influence is evident

Enhanced terahertz emission from mushroom-shaped InAs nanowire network induced by linear and nonlinear optical effects

| openaire: EC/H2020/820423/EU//S2QUIP | openaire: EC/H2020/834742/EU//ATOP | openaire: EC/H2020/965124/EU//FEMTOCHIPThe development of powerful terahertz (THz) emitters is the cornerstone for future THz applications, such as communication, medical biology, non-destructive inspection, and scientific research. Here, we report the THz emission properties and mechanisms of mushroom-shaped InAs nanowire (NW) network using linearly polarized laser excitation. By investigating the dependence of THz signal to the incidence pump light properties (e.g. incident angle, direction, fluence, and polarization angle), we conclude that the THz wave emission from the InAs NW network is induced by the combination of linear and nonlinear optical effects. The former is a transient photocurrent accelerated by the photo-Dember field, while the latter is related to the resonant optical rectification effect. Moreover, the p-polarized THz wave emission component is governed by the linear optical effect with a proportion of ∼85% and the nonlinear optical effect of ∼15%. In comparison, the s-polarized THz wave emission component is mainly decided by the nonlinear optical effect. The THz emission is speculated to be enhanced by the localized surface plasmon resonance absorption of the In droplets on top of the NWs. This work verifies the nonlinear optical mechanism in the THz generation of semiconductor NWs and provides an enlightening reference for the structural design of powerful and flexible THz surface and interface emitters in transmission geometry.Peer reviewe

Dynamic Characteristics of Plasma in Ultrasonic-Assisted Narrow-Gap Laser Welding with Filler Wire

Laser welding with filler wire was applied to Q345D in a narrow gap under ultrasonic assistance, and the dynamic characteristics of plasma were studied by high-speed imaging and spectral acquisition. The results showed that the plasma area decreased gradually with increasing distance between the ultrasonic loading position and welding seam. The electron density and temperature of the plasma with ultrasonic assistance were higher than those without ultrasound. The electron density was approximately 1016~1017 cm−3, and the plasma temperature was approximately 4000~6000 K. Ultrasonic assisted laser wire filling welding can bring about cavitation effect and significantly reduce the porosity problem

Type D Personality Predicts Poor Medication Adherence in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Month Follow-Up Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Type D personality and medication nonadherence have been shown to be associated with poor health outcomes. Type D personality is associated with poor medication adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, the relationship between type D personality and medication adherence in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. This study aims to examine whether type D personality was associated with medication adherence in patients with T2DM.</p><p>Design and Settings</p><p>A follow-up study was conducted in general hospital of the People's Liberation Army in Beijing.</p><p>Methods</p><p>412 T2DM patients (205 females), who were recruited by circular systematic random sampling, provided demographic and baseline data about medical information and completed measures of Type D personality. Then, 330 patients went on to complete a self-report measure of medication adherence at the sixth month after baseline data collection. <i>Chi</i>-square test, <i>t</i> tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, as needed.</p><p>Results</p><p>Patients with type D personality were significantly more likely to have poor medication adherence (<i>p<</i>0.001). Type D personality predicts poor medication adherence before and after controlling for covariates when it was analyzed as a categorical variable. However, the dimensional construct of type D personality was not associated with medication adherence when analyzed as a continuous variable.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Although, as a dimensional construct, type D personality may not reflect the components of the personality associated with poor medication adherence in patients with T2DM, screening for type D personality may help to identify those who are at higher risk of poor medication adherence. Interventions, aiming to improve medication adherence, should be launched for these high-risk patients.</p></div

Type D persoinality components: NA and SI on medication adherence¹.

<p>Type D persoinality components: NA and SI on medication adherence<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146892#t004fn002" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Sample characteristics.

<p>Sample characteristics.</p

Hierarchical regression analyses predicting medication adherence at T2.

<p>Hierarchical regression analyses predicting medication adherence at T2.</p