Specific N-glycans of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Surface and the Abnormal Increase of Core-α-1, 6-fucosylated Triantennary Glycan via N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases-IVa Regulation

Glycosylation alterations of cell surface proteins are often observed during the progression of malignancies. The specific cell surface N-glycans were profiled in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with clinical tissues (88 tumor and adjacent normal tissues) and the corresponding serum samples of HCC patients. The level of core-α-1,6-fucosylated triantennary glycan (NA3Fb) increased both on the cell surface and in the serum samples of HCC patients (p \u3c 0.01). Additionally, the change of NA3Fb was not influenced by Hepatitis B virus (HBV)and cirrhosis. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IVa (GnT-IVa), which was related to the synthesis of the NA3Fb, was substantially increased in HCC tissues. Knockdown of GnT-IVa leads to a decreased level of NA3Fb and decreased ability of invasion and migration in HCC cells. NA3Fb can be regarded as a specific cell surface N-glycan of HCC. The high expression of GnT-IVa is the cause of the abnormal increase of NA3Fb on the HCC cell surface, which regulates cell migration. This study demonstrated the specific N-glycans of the cell surface and the mechanisms of altered glycoform related with HCC. These findings lead to better understanding of the function of glycan and glycosyltransferase in the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of HCC

A study of the tribological behaviour of TiO2 nano-additive water-based lubricants

A ball-on-disk tribometer was employed to evaluate the lubrication performance and mechanisms of innovative TiO2 nano-additive water-based lubricants. Two experimental methods were applied to determine the optimal mass fraction of TiO2. In the method I, lubricants were added onto the worn disk tracks at a predetermined time interval. In the method II, the disks were immersed in the lubricants continuously during the whole process of tribological tests. The results both indicate that the water-based lubricants can significantly reduce the coefficient of friction (COF). The 0.8 wt% TiO2 lubricant demonstrates excellent tribological properties including the lowest COF and the strongest wear resistance under all lubrication conditions. The lubrication mechanisms are attributed to the rolling and mending effects of the TiO2 nanoparticles

Specific N-glycans of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Surface and the Abnormal Increase of Core-α-1, 6-fucosylated Triantennary Glycan via N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases-IVa Regulation

Glycosylation alterations of cell surface proteins are often observed during the progression of malignancies. The specific cell surface N-glycans were profiled in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with clinical tissues (88 tumor and adjacent normal tissues) and the corresponding serum samples of HCC patients. The level of core-α-1,6-fucosylated triantennary glycan (NA3Fb) increased both on the cell surface and in the serum samples of HCC patients (p \u3c 0.01). Additionally, the change of NA3Fb was not influenced by Hepatitis B virus (HBV)and cirrhosis. Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IVa (GnT-IVa), which was related to the synthesis of the NA3Fb, was substantially increased in HCC tissues. Knockdown of GnT-IVa leads to a decreased level of NA3Fb and decreased ability of invasion and migration in HCC cells. NA3Fb can be regarded as a specific cell surface N-glycan of HCC. The high expression of GnT-IVa is the cause of the abnormal increase of NA3Fb on the HCC cell surface, which regulates cell migration. This study demonstrated the specific N-glycans of the cell surface and the mechanisms of altered glycoform related with HCC. These findings lead to better understanding of the function of glycan and glycosyltransferase in the tumorigenesis, progression and metastasis of HCC

A comparative evaluation of bioequivalence of Gan & Lee glargine U300 and Toujeo® in Chinese healthy male participants

BackgroundTo assess the bioequivalence between Gan & Lee (GL) glargine U300 and Toujeo® regarding pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety in Chinese healthy male participants.MethodsA single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-preparation, two-sequence, four-cycle repeated crossover design study was performed to compare GL glargine U300 and Toujeo® in 40 healthy participants. The primary PK endpoints were the area under the curve of glargine metabolites, M1 concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h), and the maximum glargine concentration within 24 hours post-dose (Cmax). The primary PD endpoints were the area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUCGIR.0-24h) and the maximum GIR within 24 hours post-dose (GIRmax).ResultsGL Glargine U300 demonstrated comparable PK parameters (AUC0–24h, Cmax, AUC0–12h, and AUC12–24h of M1) and PD responses [AUCGIR.0–24h, GIRmax, AUCGIR.0–12h, and AUCGIR.12–24h] to those of Toujeo®, as indicated by 90% confidence intervals ranging from 80% to 125%. No significant disparities in safety profiles were observed between the two treatment groups, and there were no reported instances of serious adverse events.ConclusionThe PK, PD, and safety of GL glargine U300 were bioequivalent to that of Toujeo®.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/, identifier CTR20212419

Nanoscratch characteristics and interfacial adhesion energy of SiN/GaAs film/substrate bilayer systems

Deformation characteristics and interfacial adhesion property of silicon nitride/gallium arsenide film/substrate systems were investigated by use of nanoscratch. During scratching, three different types of deformation, elastic, elastoplastic and fracture, were discovered. The critical loads for film failure were obtained. The critical loads, together with the other scratch parameters, were used to determine the interfacial adhesion energies. The practical adhesion energies per unit area of the bilayers obtained were 2.72 and 3.73 Joules/m(2), respectively. The tensile stress developed just behind the contact area and at the interface was attributed to the film failure. It was also found that residual compressive stress strengthened, but tensile stress weakened the interfacial adhesion

Deformation and removal characteristics of LiTaO3 single crystals in nanoindentation and nanoscratch

The deformation and removal characteristics of lithium tantalate (LiTaO) single crystal were investigated using nanoindentation and nanoscratch. During indenting, the occurrence of pop-in was associated with the transition of deformation from elastic to elasto-plastic. Slip bands were observed on the indented surface when the indentation load reached 4 mN. Slipping was along the crystal orientation of [10 12̄]. Nanoscratch revealed that the threshold normal load for the transition of removal modes from ductile to brittle was 2.5 mN, corresponding to a scratch depth of 70 nm. Cracks were found along scratched grooves, which were likely induced by shearing. The removal rate in nanoscratch increased with the increase in normal load, but remained unchanged after the load was greater than 4 mN

Mechanical properties and deformation of LiTaO3 single crystals characterised by nanoindentation and nanoscratch

This paper reports our recent results on the nanoindentation and nanoscratch of LiTaO single crystals. The elastic modulus and hardness of LiTaOobtained from nanoindentation were 251±3 GPa and 12.6±0.6 GPa, respectively. During indenting, pop-in events occurred when indentation load was in the range from 305 to 640 μN. Incipient kink bands (IKBs) were believed to be responsible for the pop-ins. Nanoscratching showed that there existed a threshold normal load of 2.5 mN, above which cracks were generated and the material removal was in the brittle regime. The knowledge gained is valuable to the design of an effective machining process for LiTaOcrystals

Mechanics and technologies for machining nanostructured thin film bilayers and multilayers

The machining technology for thin film layered structures is not well developed and the machining of thin film solar panels is thus inefficient. The development of efficient abrasive machining technologies for such layered structures requires comprehensive understanding of the deformation mechanics of bilayer and multilayer film/substrate systems under mechanical loading and hence the removal mechanisms associated with the machining process. This paper reports our fundamental understanding of the mechanics of nanoscale film/substrate bilayer and multilayer structures under machining-induced loading by means of nanomechanical testing methods and our recent advances in developing abrasive machining technologies for thin film multilayer structures