The Effect of Economies of Scope on Iranian Banking Sector Structure: An Application of Multi-Product Function and Multi-Level Effect Approaches

This paper investigates, using a multi-product paradigm, the market structure of the Iranian banking sector to evaluate the role of scale. In so doing, we checked for economies of scope by multi-product cost function as well as the impact of potential economies on the banking sector structure including 18 banks during the period 2008–2014. The changes in Panzar-Rosse H-Statistic as a result of the variety in products reflect changes in the monopolistic power. The results show that an increase in the variety of offered products increases banks’ monopolistic power.JEL Codes - L1; G21; F3

Nonlinear reversal of PT symmetric phase transition in a system of coupled semiconductor micro-ring resonators

A system of two coupled semiconductor-based resonators is studied when lasing around an exceptional point. We show that the presence of nonlinear saturation effects can have important ramifications on the transition behavior of this system. In sharp contrast with linear PT-symmetric configurations, nonlinear processes are capable of reversing the order in which the symmetry breaking occurs. Yet, even in the nonlinear regime, the resulting non-Hermitian states still retain the structural form of the corresponding linear eigenvectors expected above and below the phase transition point. The conclusions of our analysis are in agreement with experimental data.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Integrable nonlinear parity-time symmetric optical oscillator

The nonlinear dynamics of a balanced parity-time symmetric optical microring arrangement are analytically investigated. By considering gain and loss saturation effects, the pertinent conservation laws are explicitly obtained in the Stokes domain-thus establishing integrability. Our analysis indicates the existence of two regimes of oscillatory dynamics and frequency locking, both of which are analogous to those expected in linear parity-time symmetric systems. Unlike other saturable parity time symmetric systems considered before, the model studied in this work first operates in the symmetric regime and then enters the broken parity-time phase.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publicatio

(E)-Methyl 2-(3-cinnamoyl­thio­ureido)acetate

In the title compound, C13H14N2O3S, the methyl 2-(3-formyl­thio­ureido)acetate fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The mol­ecule exhibits an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, which completes a six-membered ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯S contacts, generating a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network

Methyl 3-(3-benzoyl­thio­ureido)propano­ate

In the title compound, C12H14N2O3S, the propyl acetate group and the benzoyl group adopt a cis–trans conformation, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C—N bonds. The phenyl ring is twisted relative to the the thio­urea mean plane, forming a dihedral angle of 24.16 (9)°. An intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along the a axis

Propyl 2-(3-benzoyl­thio­ureido)acetate

The title compound, C13H16N2O3S, is a thio­urea derivative with benzoyl and propoxycarbonyl­methyl groups attached to the two terminal N atoms. These groups adopt trans and cis configurations, respectively, with respect to the S atom across the thio­urea C—N bonds. The compound crystallizes in the P21/c space group with Z = 8, resulting in two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit linked by C—H⋯S and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the c axis

2-Bromo-N-(dibenzyl­carbamothioyl)benzamide

The 2-bromo­benzoyl group in the title compound, C22H19BrN2OS, adopts an E conformation with respect to the thiono S atom across the N—C bond. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecule is stablized by N—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain along the b axis

Formulating an innovative model for lebanon’s healthcare sector: methodology and research results

The article presents the methodology and results of a study on the formation of an innovative model for the development of the Lebanese health sector, which improves the efficiency of the existing system through the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT). In this model, based on the characteristics of the national health system and taking into account its condition, as a basic element, the creation and use of a national electronic medical record is provided, which provides access to a variety of related services, which will have a positive impact on human development. In addition, the article presents the results of assessing the risks and threats associated with the readiness and willingness of human resources and stakeholders to implement an innovative solution

1,1′-Diphenyl-3,3′-(p-phenyl­enedicarbon­yl)dithio­urea

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C22H18N4O2S2, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 29.39 (9) and 79.11 (12)°, respectively, with the thio­urea unit and the terminal phenyl ring. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along [10] by inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds