Micro scalar patterning for printing ultra fine solid lines in flexographic printing process

This research focuses on the study of ultra-fine solid lines printing by using Micro-flexographic machine which is combination of flexography and micro-contact printing technique. Flexography is one of the famous and high speed roll to roll printing techniques that are possible to create graphic and electronic device on variable substrates. Micro-contact printing is a low cost technique that usually uses for micro to nano scale image especially in fine solid lines image structure. Graphene is nano material that can be used as printing ink which usually uses in producing micro to nano scale electronic devices. Lanthanum is a rare earth metal that has potential in printing industry. The combination of both printing techniques is known as Micro-flexographic printing has been successfully produced the lowest fine solid lines width and gap. The new printing technique could print fine solid lines image below 10 μm on biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) substrate by using graphene as printing ink. The Micro-flexographic printing technique has been successfully printed fine solid lines with 2.6 μm width. This study also elaborates the imprint lithography process in achieving micro down to nano fine solid lines structure below 10 μm. In an additional, the lanthanum target has been successful printed on variable substrates with good surface adhesion property. This research illustrates the ultra-fine solid lines printing capability for the application of printing electronic, graphic and bio-medical

The detection and comparison of antimicrobial resistance pattern of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and Salmonella isolated from eggs of commercial layers and free-range chickens

The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and Salmonella in eggs produced by free-range chickens and commercial layers was compared to establish the microbial safety of the food and to determine if management, especially feeding management and the environment, playa role in the occurrence of the two organisms. The isolates were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern. It was observed that there was a slight difference in the occurrence of the organisms and in the pattern of antibiotic resistance of isolates from free-range chickens' eggs and those from commercial layers. Enterococcus was detected in 10% and 7.7% of eggs from commercial layers and free-range chickens respectively. Salmonella spp occurred in 7.5% and 12.8% of commercial layers and free-range chicken eggs, respectively. The study suggests that free-range eggs may not be as wholesome as often believed and that the environment plays an important role in the development of antibiotic resistance

Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Exchange Process of n-Hexanol and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micelles

Kinetic studies using ultrasonic relaxation method in the mixed micellar solutions of n-hexanol dan cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide have shown a well-defined single relaxation. This is associated with the exchange process involving the partitioning of alcohol with the mixed micelle. The equilibrium measurement which monitors the monomer concentration of n-hexanol was measured using head space analysis involving gas chromatography. The combined relaxation and equilibrium data were analysed using a phenomenological treatment in which the kinetics and thermodynamics parameters were evaluated for the exchange process. The main conclusion from this work is that the association of n-hexanol to the the mixed micelles is almost a diffusion controlled process

Development of coated peanut separator and frying skillet machine

Coated peanut which known as Kacang Bersalut Istimewa Deqyoung is a product made from groundnut mix with flour and special spices. Currently, there are some issues with the product that slow down the production process. The groundnut is sticking and become like a ping pong size ball and the time consuming to fry is longer. Coated peanut separator and frying skillet machine can overcome the problems and able to increase the production. Furthermore, the machine aim to facilitate workers to carry out their duties and to assist small and medium industries (SMEs) in Malaysia. The design convenient, determination of the material selection and the main components that help to operate the machine are the main aspects have been considered. Design analysis helps to identify the capability of the machine when the forces act at some main parts of the machine. The comparison between manual method and semi-automatic method shows that the production increase. By using semi-automatic method of production, the increment shows almost 84 percent of production compares to manual method

Characterization of Catalytic Porous Medium Using Platinum for Micro-combustion Application

In this study, catalytic alumina porous medium has been fabricated by using platinum as an active material for micro-combustion application. Platinum has been deposited onto porous medium surface via wet impregnation method. The porous medium undergoes surface modification process via wash coating method using gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) solution, before being impregnated with platinum in order to increase the surface area. The surface morphology of porous medium entirely changes from smooth “solid-rock” into rough “sand-like” after the wash coating process. The amount of platinum deposited onto the treated porous medium is 1.66 wt.%. LPG combustion analysis shows that the combustion is successfully occur inside the catalytic porous media with overall efficiency of 71%

Sustainability Management of Damai Industries Sdn. Bhd.

Syukri graduated from Universiti Pertanian Malaysia in mid 1980s, after which he joined a number of manufacturing companies.After obtaining a few years of experience, he decided to set up a partnership telecommunication business as a franchisee. Unfortunately, after a few years of struggle, the business could not survive and eventually he was declared bankrupt.Apparently, the major contribution to his business failure was mismanagement and dispute between partners. But as a strong-willed person Syukri has never gave up and decided to divert into herbal cosmetics and health care industry that he strongly believed will have a better prospect in the near future. Hence, in 1998 he ventured into business by establishing Le Roselle Cosmetics and SPA.In September 2004, he set up Damai Industries Sdn. Bhd (Damai).In the course of establishing his business, he faced many challenges and obstacles such as limited funding and support from financial institutions and government agencies.Despite of these difficulties, his persistence, perseverance and interest in this field has finally paid off. Today, he can be proud of his own products and achievements which have positioned his company at par with other reputable businesses in the same industry.Notwithstanding the rapid growth of his business, Syukri is still wondering whether his business governance is in a proper order.His concern arise from his past experience.In addition, he also planned to restructure the company of which Damai will be formed as a holding company in six-month time.In particular, his worry relates to strategic management, administration, marketing and financial management which could significantly hamper his business sustainability in future.Hence, it is high time for him as a Managing Director, to evaluate the current practice of Damai

A study of frequency and pulses for stepper motor controller system by using programmable logic controller

The stepper motor movement process produced different frequency and pulses. This research explained about the frequency and pulses for the stepper motor movement by using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) as research method. The study was done to find the suitable frequency and pulses for stepper motor movement by developing a prototype stepper motor controller system. The pulse frequency used did not affected the distance of moving load in the stepper motor operations. The increasing number of pulse frequency only will affect the time taken for the stepper motor to complete its operations. The result showed that number of pulse frequency at high operation was 5000 Hz. Pulse number reacted as a manipulated variable that affected both factor which is time taken of stepper motor operation and the distance of moving load

The effect of holmium on microstructure and mechanical properties of light metal alloy

The thesis project investigates the effect of Holmium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy. In the advancement of automotive and aerospace industries, the next generation of light metal alloy is magnesium due to its manufacturing abilities and lightweight material. The main limitation of Mg alloys is the ability to improve its mechanical properties. Rare earth elements were used as alloying elements for improving the mechanical properties and producing a new Mg-RE alloy with modified structure and strength. In this studies, it demonstrates the addition of RE at specific amount, which could be considered as main alloy element that may lead to extend limitation of RE application. The amount of Holmium (Ho) at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt. % were added separately to ZRE1 magnesium alloy. The Optical Microsope, FESEM coupled with EDX, and XRD were used to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties, including tensile and hardness tests. The results showed that the Ho content at 0.2wt. % increased the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength compared to others Ho composition. Finally, the hardness value was increased and the additive had a significant improvement of mechanical properties, thus the ZRE1 magnesium alloy has been improved with Holmium addition

Paper plate machine

In recent years natural fibers appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and nonrenewable synthetic fiber. Natural fibers like sugar cane, banana, , oil palm, kenaf and coir has been used as reinforcement in thermoplastic composite for applications in consumer goods, furniture, low cost housing and civil structures. Pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) is one of them that have also good potential as reinforcement in thermoplastic composite. It is the objective of the current research to characterize PALF and to investigate the effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of PALF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite. Figure 6.1 show the example of pineapple used

Numerical analysis of laser heating for laser assisted micro milling application

The promising processing techniques of micro scale parts are very important in products miniaturization and functions enhancement. Combination of two or more processing techniques gives better processing performance especially when dealing with difficult-to-cut materials. For that reason, the combination of laser beam and micro milling process has been widely studied and proven efficient in reducing cutting force and tool life extension. However, this process needs a precise temperature control in order to eliminate heat effect generated by laser beam irradiation. In this study, temperature distributions are determined numerically to characterize the melted zone and heat affected zone geometry. From the results, the estimation of tool and micro milling cutter distance together with the allowable depth of cut are determined